Response surface methodology based extraction of Tribulus terrestris leads to an upsurge of antilithiatic potential by inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization processes
Tribulus terrestris has significant antilithiatic efficacy established via both in vitro as well as in vivo studies and is used in numerous anti-urolithiatic herbal formulations viz. Cystone, Uriflow, Uritone and Neeri. However, to fully utilize its antilithiatic potential, the influence of differen...
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| description | Tribulus terrestris has significant antilithiatic efficacy established via both in vitro as well as in vivo studies and is used in numerous anti-urolithiatic herbal formulations viz. Cystone, Uriflow, Uritone and Neeri. However, to fully utilize its antilithiatic potential, the influence of different extraction parameters on antilithiatic ability of T. terrestris aqueous extract needs elucidation. Thus, the current study was undertaken using statistically optimized extraction conditions for aqueous extract preparation. Response surface methodology was employed to observe the influence of three variables i.e. temperature (°C), time (h) and solid: liquid ratio (S: L) on the extraction yield (%) and protein content (mg/g) of T. terrestris aqueous extract. RSM results revealed that the high S:L ratio, low temperature and reduced incubation time were optimal conditions for aqueous extraction. Under such extraction conditions the protein content reached the value of 26.6±1.22 mg/g and the obtained extraction yield was 27.32±1.62%. The assessment of antilithiatic activity of 4 selected extracts (AE1-4), revealed enhanced nucleation and aggregation inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals with AE1 and AE2, which in addition significantly altered the size and morphology of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals compared to AE3 and AE4. In vitro cell culture based studies on renal epithelial cells (MDCK, NRK-52E and PK 15) proved that the AE1 showed higher cytoprotective potency by increasing cell viability as compared to the oxalate treated group. The free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract lowered the reactive oxygen specie's induced damage and potentially reduced the signals of programmed cell death due to oxalate injury. In addition, modulation of the COM crystal morphology was enhanced by AE1 as compared to AE2. The FTIR and GC-MS analysis of AE1, showed the presence of biomolecules which could aid in the attenuation of lithiatic process. In the light of these results the utility of the RSM approach to fully optimize the antilithiatic potential of T. terrestris cannot be undermined. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0183218 |
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Cystone, Uriflow, Uritone and Neeri. However, to fully utilize its antilithiatic potential, the influence of different extraction parameters on antilithiatic ability of T. terrestris aqueous extract needs elucidation. Thus, the current study was undertaken using statistically optimized extraction conditions for aqueous extract preparation. Response surface methodology was employed to observe the influence of three variables i.e. temperature (°C), time (h) and solid: liquid ratio (S: L) on the extraction yield (%) and protein content (mg/g) of T. terrestris aqueous extract. RSM results revealed that the high S:L ratio, low temperature and reduced incubation time were optimal conditions for aqueous extraction. Under such extraction conditions the protein content reached the value of 26.6±1.22 mg/g and the obtained extraction yield was 27.32±1.62%. The assessment of antilithiatic activity of 4 selected extracts (AE1-4), revealed enhanced nucleation and aggregation inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals with AE1 and AE2, which in addition significantly altered the size and morphology of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals compared to AE3 and AE4. In vitro cell culture based studies on renal epithelial cells (MDCK, NRK-52E and PK 15) proved that the AE1 showed higher cytoprotective potency by increasing cell viability as compared to the oxalate treated group. The free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract lowered the reactive oxygen specie's induced damage and potentially reduced the signals of programmed cell death due to oxalate injury. In addition, modulation of the COM crystal morphology was enhanced by AE1 as compared to AE2. The FTIR and GC-MS analysis of AE1, showed the presence of biomolecules which could aid in the attenuation of lithiatic process. In the light of these results the utility of the RSM approach to fully optimize the antilithiatic potential of T. terrestris cannot be undermined.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183218</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28846699</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agglomeration ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Ayurvedic medicine ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomolecules ; Biotechnology ; Calcium ; Calcium oxalate ; Calcium Oxalate - metabolism ; Cell culture ; Cell death ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival - drug effects ; Crystallization ; Crystals ; Dogs ; Epithelial cells ; Epithelial Cells - drug effects ; Epithelial Cells - metabolism ; Extraction ; Flavonoids ; Formulations ; Herbal medicine ; In vitro methods and tests ; In vivo methods and tests ; Incubation ; Inflammation ; Inhibition ; Injury prevention ; Kidney - drug effects ; Kidney - metabolism ; Kidney stones ; Kidneys ; Low temperature ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Morphology ; Nucleation ; Optimization ; Oxalic acid ; Oxygen ; Physical Sciences ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Proteins ; Rats ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Response surface methodology ; Scavenging ; Solvents ; Swine ; Tribulus ; Variables</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-08, Vol.12 (8), p.e0183218-e0183218</ispartof><rights>2017 Kaushik et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 Kaushik et al 2017 Kaushik et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-9ea57a2b59f89abbe6a9cbc1122e65e4697237ccaf6ddd9b3a2e6db83d3eb2753</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-9ea57a2b59f89abbe6a9cbc1122e65e4697237ccaf6ddd9b3a2e6db83d3eb2753</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5573133/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5573133/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846699$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kaushik, Jyoti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tandon, Simran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Varun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nayyar, Jasamrit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singla, Surinder Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tandon, Chanderdeep</creatorcontrib><title>Response surface methodology based extraction of Tribulus terrestris leads to an upsurge of antilithiatic potential by inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization processes</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Tribulus terrestris has significant antilithiatic efficacy established via both in vitro as well as in vivo studies and is used in numerous anti-urolithiatic herbal formulations viz. 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The assessment of antilithiatic activity of 4 selected extracts (AE1-4), revealed enhanced nucleation and aggregation inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals with AE1 and AE2, which in addition significantly altered the size and morphology of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals compared to AE3 and AE4. In vitro cell culture based studies on renal epithelial cells (MDCK, NRK-52E and PK 15) proved that the AE1 showed higher cytoprotective potency by increasing cell viability as compared to the oxalate treated group. The free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract lowered the reactive oxygen specie's induced damage and potentially reduced the signals of programmed cell death due to oxalate injury. In addition, modulation of the COM crystal morphology was enhanced by AE1 as compared to AE2. The FTIR and GC-MS analysis of AE1, showed the presence of biomolecules which could aid in the attenuation of lithiatic process. In the light of these results the utility of the RSM approach to fully optimize the antilithiatic potential of T. terrestris cannot be undermined.</description><subject>Agglomeration</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Ayurvedic medicine</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomolecules</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium oxalate</subject><subject>Calcium Oxalate - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Cell Survival - drug effects</subject><subject>Crystallization</subject><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Epithelial cells</subject><subject>Epithelial Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Epithelial Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Extraction</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>Formulations</subject><subject>Herbal medicine</subject><subject>In vitro methods and tests</subject><subject>In vivo methods and tests</subject><subject>Incubation</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inhibition</subject><subject>Injury prevention</subject><subject>Kidney - drug effects</subject><subject>Kidney - metabolism</subject><subject>Kidney stones</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nucleation</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Oxalic acid</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Response surface methodology</subject><subject>Scavenging</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Tribulus</subject><subject>Variables</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptktFqFDEUhgdRbK2-gWjAG292nSQ7mcmNIKVqoSBIvQ4nyZndLNnJmGRK14fyGZvt7pZWvEr4858vOSd_Vb2l9Zzyln5ahykO4OdjGHBe044z2j2rTqnkbCZYzZ8_2p9Ur1Ja13XDOyFeVies6xZCSHla_f2JqRASkjTFHgySDeZVsMGH5ZZoSGgJ3uYIJrswkNCT6-j05KdEMsaIKUeXiEewRQgEBjKNhbTEnRWG7LzLKwfZGTKGjEUAT_SWuGHltDsyDXjjpg0Jt-AhIzFxmzJ47_7AvWWMwWBKmF5XL3rwCd8c1rPq19eL6_Pvs6sf3y7Pv1zNTMNEnkmEpgWmG9l3ErRGAdJoQyljKBpcCNky3hoDvbDWSs2h6FZ33HLUrG34WfV-zx19SOow6qTKQDlrJGOsOC73DhtgrcboNhC3KoBT90KISwWxtO1RtTW2csF031lYoKl1zTlQ3aLVtDW2K6zPh9smvUFrypgi-CfQpyeDW6lluFFN03LKeQF8PABi-D2VT1Eblwx6DwOGaf9uUTcdo8X64R_r_7tb7F0mhpQi9g-PobXaxe9YpXbxU4f4lbJ3jxt5KDrmjd8Buh3glw</recordid><startdate>20170828</startdate><enddate>20170828</enddate><creator>Kaushik, Jyoti</creator><creator>Tandon, Simran</creator><creator>Gupta, Varun</creator><creator>Nayyar, Jasamrit</creator><creator>Singla, Surinder Kumar</creator><creator>Tandon, Chanderdeep</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170828</creationdate><title>Response surface methodology based extraction of Tribulus terrestris leads to an upsurge of antilithiatic potential by inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization processes</title><author>Kaushik, Jyoti ; Tandon, Simran ; Gupta, Varun ; Nayyar, Jasamrit ; Singla, Surinder Kumar ; Tandon, Chanderdeep</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-9ea57a2b59f89abbe6a9cbc1122e65e4697237ccaf6ddd9b3a2e6db83d3eb2753</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Agglomeration</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Ayurvedic medicine</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomolecules</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium oxalate</topic><topic>Calcium Oxalate - 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Cystone, Uriflow, Uritone and Neeri. However, to fully utilize its antilithiatic potential, the influence of different extraction parameters on antilithiatic ability of T. terrestris aqueous extract needs elucidation. Thus, the current study was undertaken using statistically optimized extraction conditions for aqueous extract preparation. Response surface methodology was employed to observe the influence of three variables i.e. temperature (°C), time (h) and solid: liquid ratio (S: L) on the extraction yield (%) and protein content (mg/g) of T. terrestris aqueous extract. RSM results revealed that the high S:L ratio, low temperature and reduced incubation time were optimal conditions for aqueous extraction. Under such extraction conditions the protein content reached the value of 26.6±1.22 mg/g and the obtained extraction yield was 27.32±1.62%. The assessment of antilithiatic activity of 4 selected extracts (AE1-4), revealed enhanced nucleation and aggregation inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals with AE1 and AE2, which in addition significantly altered the size and morphology of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals compared to AE3 and AE4. In vitro cell culture based studies on renal epithelial cells (MDCK, NRK-52E and PK 15) proved that the AE1 showed higher cytoprotective potency by increasing cell viability as compared to the oxalate treated group. The free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract lowered the reactive oxygen specie's induced damage and potentially reduced the signals of programmed cell death due to oxalate injury. In addition, modulation of the COM crystal morphology was enhanced by AE1 as compared to AE2. The FTIR and GC-MS analysis of AE1, showed the presence of biomolecules which could aid in the attenuation of lithiatic process. In the light of these results the utility of the RSM approach to fully optimize the antilithiatic potential of T. terrestris cannot be undermined.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28846699</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0183218</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1933259222 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Agglomeration Animals Apoptosis Ayurvedic medicine Biology and Life Sciences Biomolecules Biotechnology Calcium Calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate - metabolism Cell culture Cell death Cell Line Cell Survival - drug effects Crystallization Crystals Dogs Epithelial cells Epithelial Cells - drug effects Epithelial Cells - metabolism Extraction Flavonoids Formulations Herbal medicine In vitro methods and tests In vivo methods and tests Incubation Inflammation Inhibition Injury prevention Kidney - drug effects Kidney - metabolism Kidney stones Kidneys Low temperature Medicine and Health Sciences Morphology Nucleation Optimization Oxalic acid Oxygen Physical Sciences Plant Extracts - pharmacology Proteins Rats Research and Analysis Methods Response surface methodology Scavenging Solvents Swine Tribulus Variables |
| title | Response surface methodology based extraction of Tribulus terrestris leads to an upsurge of antilithiatic potential by inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization processes |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-11T11%3A00%3A15IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Response%20surface%20methodology%20based%20extraction%20of%20Tribulus%20terrestris%20leads%20to%20an%20upsurge%20of%20antilithiatic%20potential%20by%20inhibition%20of%20calcium%20oxalate%20crystallization%20processes&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Kaushik,%20Jyoti&rft.date=2017-08-28&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=e0183218&rft.epage=e0183218&rft.pages=e0183218-e0183218&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0183218&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E1933259222%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1933259222&rft_id=info:pmid/28846699&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_70e7942bf8da4ec0b033a1b7edb17cd8&rfr_iscdi=true |