Circulating fibroblast activation protein activity and antigen levels correlate strongly when measured in liver disease and coronary heart disease
Circulating fibroblast activation protein (cFAP) is a constitutively active enzyme expressed by activated fibroblasts that has both dipeptidyl peptidase and endopeptidase activities. We aimed to assess the correlation between cFAP activity and antigen levels and to compare variations in levels. In p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2017-06, Vol.12 (6), p.e0178987-e0178987 |
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| creator | Uitte de Willige, Shirley Keane, Fiona M Bowen, David G Malfliet, Joyce J M C Zhang, H Emma Maneck, Bharvi McCaughan, Geoffrey W Leebeek, Frank W G Rijken, Dingeman C Gorrell, Mark D |
| description | Circulating fibroblast activation protein (cFAP) is a constitutively active enzyme expressed by activated fibroblasts that has both dipeptidyl peptidase and endopeptidase activities. We aimed to assess the correlation between cFAP activity and antigen levels and to compare variations in levels.
In plasma of 465 control individuals, 368 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 102 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients with severe liver disease before and after liver transplant, cFAP activity levels were measured with a newly developed cFAP activity assay. In the same samples, cFAP antigen levels were measured using a commercially available cFAP ELISA. Correlation analyses between activity and antigen levels were performed by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficient (ρ). Additionally, normal ranges, determinants and differences between cohorts and between anticoagulants were investigated.
cFAP activity and antigen levels significantly correlated in controls (ρ: 0.660, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0178987 |
| format | Article |
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In plasma of 465 control individuals, 368 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 102 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients with severe liver disease before and after liver transplant, cFAP activity levels were measured with a newly developed cFAP activity assay. In the same samples, cFAP antigen levels were measured using a commercially available cFAP ELISA. Correlation analyses between activity and antigen levels were performed by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficient (ρ). Additionally, normal ranges, determinants and differences between cohorts and between anticoagulants were investigated.
cFAP activity and antigen levels significantly correlated in controls (ρ: 0.660, p<0.001) and in CHD patients (ρ: 0.709, p<0.001). cFAP activity and antigen levels in the HCV cohort were significantly lower in the samples taken after liver transplantation (p<0.001) and normalized toward levels of healthy individuals. Furthermore, cFAP activity and antigen levels were higher in men and significantly associated with body mass index. Also, cFAP activity and antigen levels were higher in EDTA plasma as compared to the levels in citrated plasma from the same healthy individuals.
For analyzing cFAP levels, either activity levels or antigen levels can be measured to investigate differences between individuals. However, it is of importance that blood samples are collected in the same anticoagulant.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178987</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28582421</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acute coronary syndromes ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Angina pectoris ; Anticoagulants ; Anticoagulants - chemistry ; Antigens ; Assaying ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomarkers - blood ; Blood ; Body mass ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell adhesion & migration ; Citric Acid - chemistry ; Coefficients ; Coronary artery disease ; Coronary Disease - blood ; Coronary Disease - pathology ; Coronary Disease - virology ; Coronary heart disease ; Correlation ; Correlation analysis ; Correlation coefficient ; Diabetes ; Disease control ; Edetic acid ; Edetic Acid - chemistry ; Endopeptidases ; Enzyme kinetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids ; Fibroblast activation protein ; Fibroblasts ; Fibroblasts - metabolism ; Fibroblasts - pathology ; Gastroenterology ; Gastrointestinal surgery ; Gelatinases - blood ; Health aspects ; Heart ; Heart attacks ; Heart diseases ; Hematology ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis C ; Hepatitis C - blood ; Hepatitis C - pathology ; Hepatitis C - surgery ; Hepatitis C - virology ; Hepatology ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver - metabolism ; Liver - pathology ; Liver - virology ; Liver cirrhosis ; Liver diseases ; Liver Transplantation ; Liver transplants ; Mathematical analysis ; Medical schools ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Membrane Proteins - blood ; Men ; Middle Aged ; Neuropeptides ; Patients ; Peptidase ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Risk factors ; Serine Endopeptidases - blood ; Sex Factors ; Thrombosis ; Transplantation ; Viruses ; Xenografts</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-06, Vol.12 (6), p.e0178987-e0178987</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2017 Uitte de Willige et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 Uitte de Willige et al 2017 Uitte de Willige et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-4dd936a8426ae4d1fc484efb8e738b8a24c212c20ee7706be46f2861eed337aa3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-4dd936a8426ae4d1fc484efb8e738b8a24c212c20ee7706be46f2861eed337aa3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2035-4485</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5459491/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5459491/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79569,79570</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28582421$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Uitte de Willige, Shirley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keane, Fiona M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowen, David G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malfliet, Joyce J M C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, H Emma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maneck, Bharvi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCaughan, Geoffrey W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leebeek, Frank W G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rijken, Dingeman C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorrell, Mark D</creatorcontrib><title>Circulating fibroblast activation protein activity and antigen levels correlate strongly when measured in liver disease and coronary heart disease</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Circulating fibroblast activation protein (cFAP) is a constitutively active enzyme expressed by activated fibroblasts that has both dipeptidyl peptidase and endopeptidase activities. We aimed to assess the correlation between cFAP activity and antigen levels and to compare variations in levels.
In plasma of 465 control individuals, 368 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 102 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients with severe liver disease before and after liver transplant, cFAP activity levels were measured with a newly developed cFAP activity assay. In the same samples, cFAP antigen levels were measured using a commercially available cFAP ELISA. Correlation analyses between activity and antigen levels were performed by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficient (ρ). Additionally, normal ranges, determinants and differences between cohorts and between anticoagulants were investigated.
cFAP activity and antigen levels significantly correlated in controls (ρ: 0.660, p<0.001) and in CHD patients (ρ: 0.709, p<0.001). cFAP activity and antigen levels in the HCV cohort were significantly lower in the samples taken after liver transplantation (p<0.001) and normalized toward levels of healthy individuals. Furthermore, cFAP activity and antigen levels were higher in men and significantly associated with body mass index. Also, cFAP activity and antigen levels were higher in EDTA plasma as compared to the levels in citrated plasma from the same healthy individuals.
For analyzing cFAP levels, either activity levels or antigen levels can be measured to investigate differences between individuals. However, it is of importance that blood samples are collected in the same anticoagulant.</description><subject>Acute coronary syndromes</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Angina pectoris</subject><subject>Anticoagulants</subject><subject>Anticoagulants - chemistry</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Assaying</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers - blood</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cell adhesion & migration</subject><subject>Citric Acid - chemistry</subject><subject>Coefficients</subject><subject>Coronary artery disease</subject><subject>Coronary Disease - blood</subject><subject>Coronary Disease - pathology</subject><subject>Coronary Disease - virology</subject><subject>Coronary heart disease</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Correlation coefficient</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Edetic acid</subject><subject>Edetic Acid - chemistry</subject><subject>Endopeptidases</subject><subject>Enzyme kinetics</subject><subject>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</subject><subject>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids</subject><subject>Fibroblast activation protein</subject><subject>Fibroblasts</subject><subject>Fibroblasts - metabolism</subject><subject>Fibroblasts - pathology</subject><subject>Gastroenterology</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal surgery</subject><subject>Gelatinases - blood</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heart attacks</subject><subject>Heart diseases</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Hepatitis C</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - blood</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - pathology</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - surgery</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - virology</subject><subject>Hepatology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver - metabolism</subject><subject>Liver - pathology</subject><subject>Liver - virology</subject><subject>Liver cirrhosis</subject><subject>Liver diseases</subject><subject>Liver Transplantation</subject><subject>Liver transplants</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Medical schools</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Membrane Proteins - blood</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neuropeptides</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Peptidase</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Serine Endopeptidases - blood</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Thrombosis</subject><subject>Transplantation</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Xenografts</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUk2P0zAQjRCIXQr_AIElJMSlJXYcx7kgrSo-VlqJC5wtx56kXrl2sZ2i_g1-Me4mXbWIg2Vr5s2bN-NXFK9xucJVgz_e-zE4aVc772BV4oa3vHlSXOO2IktGyurp2fuqeBHjfVnWFWfseXFFeM0JJfi6-LM2QY1WJuMG1Jsu-M7KmJBUyexz1Du0Cz6BcVPIpAOSTueTzAAOWdiDjUj5ECCzAIopeDfYA_q9yektyDgG0CjXW7OHgLSJOQYPJLnKOxkOaAMypFPqZfGslzbCq_leFD-_fP6x_ra8-_71dn1zt1Q1r9OSat1WTHJKmASqca8op9B3HJqKd1wSqggmipQATVOyDijrCWcYQFdVI2W1KN5OvDvro5jXGQVuS0Y4J3lti-J2Qmgv78UumG0WK7w04iHgwyCybqMsiB43tNaZnKqWypJ0Wud1a4YZZC2gMtenudvYbUErcClIe0F6mXFmIwa_FzWtW9riTPBhJgj-1wgxia2JCqyVDvw46aaMT9B3_0D_P92MGmQewLje577qSCpuaEtpw1lFM-r9GSp_lE2b6O14tEa8BNIJqIKPMUD_OBsuxdGxJxHi6FgxOzaXvTnfy2PRyaLVX2aH7N4</recordid><startdate>20170605</startdate><enddate>20170605</enddate><creator>Uitte de Willige, Shirley</creator><creator>Keane, Fiona M</creator><creator>Bowen, David G</creator><creator>Malfliet, Joyce J M C</creator><creator>Zhang, H Emma</creator><creator>Maneck, Bharvi</creator><creator>McCaughan, Geoffrey W</creator><creator>Leebeek, Frank W G</creator><creator>Rijken, Dingeman C</creator><creator>Gorrell, Mark D</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQGLB</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-4485</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170605</creationdate><title>Circulating fibroblast activation protein activity and antigen levels correlate strongly when measured in liver disease and coronary heart disease</title><author>Uitte de Willige, Shirley ; Keane, Fiona M ; Bowen, David G ; Malfliet, Joyce J M C ; Zhang, H Emma ; Maneck, Bharvi ; McCaughan, Geoffrey W ; Leebeek, Frank W G ; Rijken, Dingeman C ; Gorrell, Mark D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-4dd936a8426ae4d1fc484efb8e738b8a24c212c20ee7706be46f2861eed337aa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Acute coronary syndromes</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Angina pectoris</topic><topic>Anticoagulants</topic><topic>Anticoagulants - chemistry</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Assaying</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers - blood</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Cell adhesion & migration</topic><topic>Citric Acid - chemistry</topic><topic>Coefficients</topic><topic>Coronary artery disease</topic><topic>Coronary Disease - blood</topic><topic>Coronary Disease - pathology</topic><topic>Coronary Disease - virology</topic><topic>Coronary heart disease</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>Correlation coefficient</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Disease control</topic><topic>Edetic acid</topic><topic>Edetic Acid - chemistry</topic><topic>Endopeptidases</topic><topic>Enzyme kinetics</topic><topic>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</topic><topic>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids</topic><topic>Fibroblast activation protein</topic><topic>Fibroblasts</topic><topic>Fibroblasts - metabolism</topic><topic>Fibroblasts - pathology</topic><topic>Gastroenterology</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal surgery</topic><topic>Gelatinases - blood</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Heart attacks</topic><topic>Heart diseases</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Hepatitis</topic><topic>Hepatitis C</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - blood</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - pathology</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - surgery</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - virology</topic><topic>Hepatology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Liver - metabolism</topic><topic>Liver - pathology</topic><topic>Liver - virology</topic><topic>Liver cirrhosis</topic><topic>Liver diseases</topic><topic>Liver Transplantation</topic><topic>Liver transplants</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Medical schools</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Membrane Proteins - blood</topic><topic>Men</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neuropeptides</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Peptidase</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Serine Endopeptidases - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Uitte de Willige, Shirley</au><au>Keane, Fiona M</au><au>Bowen, David G</au><au>Malfliet, Joyce J M C</au><au>Zhang, H Emma</au><au>Maneck, Bharvi</au><au>McCaughan, Geoffrey W</au><au>Leebeek, Frank W G</au><au>Rijken, Dingeman C</au><au>Gorrell, Mark D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Circulating fibroblast activation protein activity and antigen levels correlate strongly when measured in liver disease and coronary heart disease</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-06-05</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0178987</spage><epage>e0178987</epage><pages>e0178987-e0178987</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Circulating fibroblast activation protein (cFAP) is a constitutively active enzyme expressed by activated fibroblasts that has both dipeptidyl peptidase and endopeptidase activities. We aimed to assess the correlation between cFAP activity and antigen levels and to compare variations in levels.
In plasma of 465 control individuals, 368 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 102 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients with severe liver disease before and after liver transplant, cFAP activity levels were measured with a newly developed cFAP activity assay. In the same samples, cFAP antigen levels were measured using a commercially available cFAP ELISA. Correlation analyses between activity and antigen levels were performed by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficient (ρ). Additionally, normal ranges, determinants and differences between cohorts and between anticoagulants were investigated.
cFAP activity and antigen levels significantly correlated in controls (ρ: 0.660, p<0.001) and in CHD patients (ρ: 0.709, p<0.001). cFAP activity and antigen levels in the HCV cohort were significantly lower in the samples taken after liver transplantation (p<0.001) and normalized toward levels of healthy individuals. Furthermore, cFAP activity and antigen levels were higher in men and significantly associated with body mass index. Also, cFAP activity and antigen levels were higher in EDTA plasma as compared to the levels in citrated plasma from the same healthy individuals.
For analyzing cFAP levels, either activity levels or antigen levels can be measured to investigate differences between individuals. However, it is of importance that blood samples are collected in the same anticoagulant.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28582421</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0178987</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-4485</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2017-06, Vol.12 (6), p.e0178987-e0178987 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1906288220 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Acute coronary syndromes Adolescent Adult Angina pectoris Anticoagulants Anticoagulants - chemistry Antigens Assaying Biology and Life Sciences Biomarkers - blood Blood Body mass Body Mass Index Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Case-Control Studies Cell adhesion & migration Citric Acid - chemistry Coefficients Coronary artery disease Coronary Disease - blood Coronary Disease - pathology Coronary Disease - virology Coronary heart disease Correlation Correlation analysis Correlation coefficient Diabetes Disease control Edetic acid Edetic Acid - chemistry Endopeptidases Enzyme kinetics Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids Fibroblast activation protein Fibroblasts Fibroblasts - metabolism Fibroblasts - pathology Gastroenterology Gastrointestinal surgery Gelatinases - blood Health aspects Heart Heart attacks Heart diseases Hematology Hepatitis Hepatitis C Hepatitis C - blood Hepatitis C - pathology Hepatitis C - surgery Hepatitis C - virology Hepatology Humans Liver Liver - metabolism Liver - pathology Liver - virology Liver cirrhosis Liver diseases Liver Transplantation Liver transplants Mathematical analysis Medical schools Medicine and Health Sciences Membrane Proteins - blood Men Middle Aged Neuropeptides Patients Peptidase Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Risk factors Serine Endopeptidases - blood Sex Factors Thrombosis Transplantation Viruses Xenografts |
| title | Circulating fibroblast activation protein activity and antigen levels correlate strongly when measured in liver disease and coronary heart disease |
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