Discerning morpho-anatomical, physiological and molecular multiformity in cultivated and wild genotypes of lentil with reconciliation to salinity stress
One hundred and sixty two genotypes of different Lens species were screened for salinity tolerance in hydroponics at 40, 80 and 120 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for 30 d. The germination, seedling growth, biomass accumulation, seedling survivability, salinity scores, root and shoot anatomy, sodium ion...
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| creator | Singh, Dharmendra Singh, Chandan Kumar Kumari, Shanti Singh Tomar, Ram Sewak Karwa, Sourabh Singh, Rajendra Singh, Raja Bahadur Sarkar, Susheel Kumar Pal, Madan |
| description | One hundred and sixty two genotypes of different Lens species were screened for salinity tolerance in hydroponics at 40, 80 and 120 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for 30 d. The germination, seedling growth, biomass accumulation, seedling survivability, salinity scores, root and shoot anatomy, sodium ion (Na+), chloride ion (Cl-) and potassium ion (K+) concentrations, proline and antioxidant activities were measured to evaluate the performance of all the genotypes. The results were compared in respect of physiological (Na+, K+ and Cl-) and seed yield components obtained from field trials for salinity stress conducted during two years. Expression of salt tolerance in hydroponics was found to be reliable indicator for similarity in salt tolerance between genotypes and was evident in saline soil based comparisons. Impressive genotypic variation for salinity tolerance was observed among the genotypes screened under hydroponic and saline field conditions. Plant concentrations of Na+ and Cl- at 120 mM NaCl were found significantly correlated with germination, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, seedling survivability, salinity scores and K+ under controlled conditions and ranked the genotypes along with their seed yield in the field. Root and shoot anatomy of tolerant line (PDL-1) and wild accession (ILWL-137) showed restricted uptake of Na+ and Cl- due to thick layer of their epidermis and endodermis as compared to sensitive cultigen (L-4076). All the genotypes were scanned using SSR markers for genetic diversity, which generated high polymorphism. On the basis of cluster analysis and population structure the contrasting genotypes were grouped into different classes. These markers may further be tested to explore their potential in marker-assisted selection. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0177465 |
| format | Article |
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The germination, seedling growth, biomass accumulation, seedling survivability, salinity scores, root and shoot anatomy, sodium ion (Na+), chloride ion (Cl-) and potassium ion (K+) concentrations, proline and antioxidant activities were measured to evaluate the performance of all the genotypes. The results were compared in respect of physiological (Na+, K+ and Cl-) and seed yield components obtained from field trials for salinity stress conducted during two years. Expression of salt tolerance in hydroponics was found to be reliable indicator for similarity in salt tolerance between genotypes and was evident in saline soil based comparisons. Impressive genotypic variation for salinity tolerance was observed among the genotypes screened under hydroponic and saline field conditions. Plant concentrations of Na+ and Cl- at 120 mM NaCl were found significantly correlated with germination, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, seedling survivability, salinity scores and K+ under controlled conditions and ranked the genotypes along with their seed yield in the field. Root and shoot anatomy of tolerant line (PDL-1) and wild accession (ILWL-137) showed restricted uptake of Na+ and Cl- due to thick layer of their epidermis and endodermis as compared to sensitive cultigen (L-4076). All the genotypes were scanned using SSR markers for genetic diversity, which generated high polymorphism. On the basis of cluster analysis and population structure the contrasting genotypes were grouped into different classes. These markers may further be tested to explore their potential in marker-assisted selection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177465</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28542267</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abiotic stress ; Analysis ; Anatomy ; Antioxidants ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomass ; Chlorine compounds ; Chlorophyll - metabolism ; Cluster analysis ; Controlled conditions ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Enzymes ; Epidermis ; Gene polymorphism ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic diversity ; Genotype ; Genotypes ; Germination ; Germination - physiology ; Germplasm ; Hydroponics ; Hydroponics - methods ; Influence ; Ions - metabolism ; Lens Plant - growth & development ; Lens Plant - metabolism ; Lens Plant - physiology ; Lenses ; Lentils ; Marker-assisted selection ; Markers ; Metabolism ; Oxidative stress ; Physical Sciences ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Plant morphology ; Plant Roots - growth & development ; Plant Roots - metabolism ; Plant Roots - physiology ; Plant Shoots - growth & development ; Plant Shoots - metabolism ; Plant Shoots - physiology ; Polymorphism ; Population structure ; Potassium ; Potassium - metabolism ; Proline ; Saline soils ; Salinity ; Salinity effects ; Salinity tolerance ; Salt ; Salt tolerance ; Salt Tolerance - physiology ; Salts ; Seedlings - growth & development ; Seedlings - metabolism ; Seedlings - physiology ; Seeds - growth & development ; Seeds - metabolism ; Seeds - physiology ; Shoots ; Signal transduction ; Sodium ; Sodium chloride ; Sodium Chloride - metabolism ; Soil ; Soil sciences ; Stress (Physiology) ; Stress, Physiological - physiology ; Survivability</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-05, Vol.12 (5), p.e0177465-e0177465</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2017 Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 Singh et al 2017 Singh et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-7cac3b1e3a4120a06b73928e3926648be0a86ae2086b90ed6e16e249eef7c3943</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-7cac3b1e3a4120a06b73928e3926648be0a86ae2086b90ed6e16e249eef7c3943</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2653-5030</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5444645/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5444645/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28542267$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Aroca, Ricardo</contributor><creatorcontrib>Singh, Dharmendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Chandan Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumari, Shanti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh Tomar, Ram Sewak</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karwa, Sourabh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Rajendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Raja Bahadur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarkar, Susheel Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pal, Madan</creatorcontrib><title>Discerning morpho-anatomical, physiological and molecular multiformity in cultivated and wild genotypes of lentil with reconciliation to salinity stress</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>One hundred and sixty two genotypes of different Lens species were screened for salinity tolerance in hydroponics at 40, 80 and 120 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for 30 d. The germination, seedling growth, biomass accumulation, seedling survivability, salinity scores, root and shoot anatomy, sodium ion (Na+), chloride ion (Cl-) and potassium ion (K+) concentrations, proline and antioxidant activities were measured to evaluate the performance of all the genotypes. The results were compared in respect of physiological (Na+, K+ and Cl-) and seed yield components obtained from field trials for salinity stress conducted during two years. Expression of salt tolerance in hydroponics was found to be reliable indicator for similarity in salt tolerance between genotypes and was evident in saline soil based comparisons. Impressive genotypic variation for salinity tolerance was observed among the genotypes screened under hydroponic and saline field conditions. Plant concentrations of Na+ and Cl- at 120 mM NaCl were found significantly correlated with germination, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, seedling survivability, salinity scores and K+ under controlled conditions and ranked the genotypes along with their seed yield in the field. Root and shoot anatomy of tolerant line (PDL-1) and wild accession (ILWL-137) showed restricted uptake of Na+ and Cl- due to thick layer of their epidermis and endodermis as compared to sensitive cultigen (L-4076). All the genotypes were scanned using SSR markers for genetic diversity, which generated high polymorphism. On the basis of cluster analysis and population structure the contrasting genotypes were grouped into different classes. These markers may further be tested to explore their potential in marker-assisted selection.</description><subject>Abiotic stress</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Anatomy</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Chlorine compounds</subject><subject>Chlorophyll - metabolism</subject><subject>Cluster analysis</subject><subject>Controlled conditions</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Epidermis</subject><subject>Gene polymorphism</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Germination - physiology</subject><subject>Germplasm</subject><subject>Hydroponics</subject><subject>Hydroponics - methods</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>Ions - metabolism</subject><subject>Lens Plant - growth & development</subject><subject>Lens Plant - metabolism</subject><subject>Lens Plant - physiology</subject><subject>Lenses</subject><subject>Lentils</subject><subject>Marker-assisted selection</subject><subject>Markers</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plant morphology</subject><subject>Plant Roots - growth & development</subject><subject>Plant Roots - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Roots - physiology</subject><subject>Plant Shoots - growth & development</subject><subject>Plant Shoots - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Shoots - physiology</subject><subject>Polymorphism</subject><subject>Population structure</subject><subject>Potassium</subject><subject>Potassium - metabolism</subject><subject>Proline</subject><subject>Saline soils</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Salinity effects</subject><subject>Salinity tolerance</subject><subject>Salt</subject><subject>Salt tolerance</subject><subject>Salt Tolerance - physiology</subject><subject>Salts</subject><subject>Seedlings - growth & development</subject><subject>Seedlings - metabolism</subject><subject>Seedlings - physiology</subject><subject>Seeds - growth & development</subject><subject>Seeds - metabolism</subject><subject>Seeds - physiology</subject><subject>Shoots</subject><subject>Signal transduction</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Sodium chloride</subject><subject>Sodium Chloride - metabolism</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil sciences</subject><subject>Stress (Physiology)</subject><subject>Stress, Physiological - physiology</subject><subject>Survivability</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk2uL1DAUhoso7rr6D0QLgig4Y25N2y_Cst4GFha8fQ1petrJkCZjkq7OP_Hnms7MLjOyHyTQNMlz3iRvzsmypxjNMS3x25UbvZVmvnYW5giXJePFvewU15TMOEH0_sH_SfYohBVCBa04f5idkKpghPDyNPvzXgcF3mrb54Pz66WbSSujG7SS5k2-Xm6Cdsb10zCXtk2QATUa6fNhNFF3zg86bnJtczWNr2WEdgv-0qbNe7AubtYQctflBmzUJi3EZe5BOau00TJqZ_Po8iCNtpNUiB5CeJw96KQJ8GTfn2XfP374dvF5dnn1aXFxfjlTvCZxViqpaIOBSoYJkog3Ja1JBenDOasaQLLiEgiqeFMjaDlgDoTVAF2paM3oWfZ8p7s2Loi9qUHgGhFWViUvErHYEa2TK7H2epB-I5zUYjvhfC-kj1oZEB2GpgRc4Y6WrCyYbFpKQEJRUNR2dZO03u13G5sBWpUc8dIciR6vWL0UvbsWBWOMs-kwr_YC3v0cIUQxTA9ojLTgxu25KU7O1HVCX_yD3n27PdXLdAFtO5f2VZOoOGfJSUIQmrTmd1CptZAyJWVgp9P8UcDro4DERPgdezmGIBZfv_w_e_XjmH15wC5BmrgMzoxTFoVjkO1A5V0IHrpbkzESUwHduCGmAhL7Akphzw4f6DbopmLoXwTLGgk</recordid><startdate>20170525</startdate><enddate>20170525</enddate><creator>Singh, Dharmendra</creator><creator>Singh, Chandan Kumar</creator><creator>Kumari, Shanti</creator><creator>Singh Tomar, Ram Sewak</creator><creator>Karwa, Sourabh</creator><creator>Singh, Rajendra</creator><creator>Singh, Raja Bahadur</creator><creator>Sarkar, Susheel Kumar</creator><creator>Pal, Madan</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2653-5030</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170525</creationdate><title>Discerning morpho-anatomical, physiological and molecular multiformity in cultivated and wild genotypes of lentil with reconciliation to salinity stress</title><author>Singh, Dharmendra ; Singh, Chandan Kumar ; Kumari, Shanti ; Singh Tomar, Ram Sewak ; Karwa, Sourabh ; Singh, Rajendra ; Singh, Raja Bahadur ; Sarkar, Susheel Kumar ; Pal, Madan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-7cac3b1e3a4120a06b73928e3926648be0a86ae2086b90ed6e16e249eef7c3943</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Abiotic stress</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Anatomy</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Chlorine compounds</topic><topic>Chlorophyll - metabolism</topic><topic>Cluster analysis</topic><topic>Controlled conditions</topic><topic>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Epidermis</topic><topic>Gene polymorphism</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetic diversity</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Genotypes</topic><topic>Germination</topic><topic>Germination - physiology</topic><topic>Germplasm</topic><topic>Hydroponics</topic><topic>Hydroponics - methods</topic><topic>Influence</topic><topic>Ions - metabolism</topic><topic>Lens Plant - growth & development</topic><topic>Lens Plant - metabolism</topic><topic>Lens Plant - physiology</topic><topic>Lenses</topic><topic>Lentils</topic><topic>Marker-assisted selection</topic><topic>Markers</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Plant morphology</topic><topic>Plant Roots - growth & development</topic><topic>Plant Roots - 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Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Singh, Dharmendra</au><au>Singh, Chandan Kumar</au><au>Kumari, Shanti</au><au>Singh Tomar, Ram Sewak</au><au>Karwa, Sourabh</au><au>Singh, Rajendra</au><au>Singh, Raja Bahadur</au><au>Sarkar, Susheel Kumar</au><au>Pal, Madan</au><au>Aroca, Ricardo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Discerning morpho-anatomical, physiological and molecular multiformity in cultivated and wild genotypes of lentil with reconciliation to salinity stress</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-05-25</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0177465</spage><epage>e0177465</epage><pages>e0177465-e0177465</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>One hundred and sixty two genotypes of different Lens species were screened for salinity tolerance in hydroponics at 40, 80 and 120 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for 30 d. The germination, seedling growth, biomass accumulation, seedling survivability, salinity scores, root and shoot anatomy, sodium ion (Na+), chloride ion (Cl-) and potassium ion (K+) concentrations, proline and antioxidant activities were measured to evaluate the performance of all the genotypes. The results were compared in respect of physiological (Na+, K+ and Cl-) and seed yield components obtained from field trials for salinity stress conducted during two years. Expression of salt tolerance in hydroponics was found to be reliable indicator for similarity in salt tolerance between genotypes and was evident in saline soil based comparisons. Impressive genotypic variation for salinity tolerance was observed among the genotypes screened under hydroponic and saline field conditions. Plant concentrations of Na+ and Cl- at 120 mM NaCl were found significantly correlated with germination, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, seedling survivability, salinity scores and K+ under controlled conditions and ranked the genotypes along with their seed yield in the field. Root and shoot anatomy of tolerant line (PDL-1) and wild accession (ILWL-137) showed restricted uptake of Na+ and Cl- due to thick layer of their epidermis and endodermis as compared to sensitive cultigen (L-4076). All the genotypes were scanned using SSR markers for genetic diversity, which generated high polymorphism. On the basis of cluster analysis and population structure the contrasting genotypes were grouped into different classes. These markers may further be tested to explore their potential in marker-assisted selection.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28542267</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0177465</doi><tpages>e0177465</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2653-5030</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2017-05, Vol.12 (5), p.e0177465-e0177465 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1902478765 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Abiotic stress Analysis Anatomy Antioxidants Biology and Life Sciences Biomass Chlorine compounds Chlorophyll - metabolism Cluster analysis Controlled conditions Ecology and Environmental Sciences Enzymes Epidermis Gene polymorphism Genetic aspects Genetic diversity Genotype Genotypes Germination Germination - physiology Germplasm Hydroponics Hydroponics - methods Influence Ions - metabolism Lens Plant - growth & development Lens Plant - metabolism Lens Plant - physiology Lenses Lentils Marker-assisted selection Markers Metabolism Oxidative stress Physical Sciences Physiological aspects Physiology Plant morphology Plant Roots - growth & development Plant Roots - metabolism Plant Roots - physiology Plant Shoots - growth & development Plant Shoots - metabolism Plant Shoots - physiology Polymorphism Population structure Potassium Potassium - metabolism Proline Saline soils Salinity Salinity effects Salinity tolerance Salt Salt tolerance Salt Tolerance - physiology Salts Seedlings - growth & development Seedlings - metabolism Seedlings - physiology Seeds - growth & development Seeds - metabolism Seeds - physiology Shoots Signal transduction Sodium Sodium chloride Sodium Chloride - metabolism Soil Soil sciences Stress (Physiology) Stress, Physiological - physiology Survivability |
| title | Discerning morpho-anatomical, physiological and molecular multiformity in cultivated and wild genotypes of lentil with reconciliation to salinity stress |
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