Combining phylogenetic and demographic inferences to assess the origin of the genetic diversity in an isolated wolf population
The survival of isolated small populations is threatened by both demographic and genetic factors. Large carnivores declined for centuries in most of Europe due to habitat changes, overhunting of their natural prey and direct persecution. However, the current rewilding trends are driving many carnivo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2017-05, Vol.12 (5), p.e0176560-e0176560 |
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| creator | Montana, Luca Caniglia, Romolo Galaverni, Marco Fabbri, Elena Ahmed, Atidje Bolfíková, Barbora Černá Czarnomska, Sylwia D Galov, Ana Godinho, Raquel Hindrikson, Maris Hulva, Pavel Jędrzejewska, Bogumiła Jelenčič, Maja Kutal, Miroslav Saarma, Urmas Skrbinšek, Tomaž Randi, Ettore |
| description | The survival of isolated small populations is threatened by both demographic and genetic factors. Large carnivores declined for centuries in most of Europe due to habitat changes, overhunting of their natural prey and direct persecution. However, the current rewilding trends are driving many carnivore populations to expand again, possibly reverting the erosion of their genetic diversity. In this study we reassessed the extent and origin of the genetic variation of the Italian wolf population, which is expanding after centuries of decline and isolation. We genotyped wolves from Italy and other nine populations at four mtDNA regions (control-region, ATP6, COIII and ND4) and 39 autosomal microsatellites. Results of phylogenetic analyses and assignment procedures confirmed in the Italian wolves a second private mtDNA haplotype, which belongs to a haplogroup distributed mostly in southern Europe. Coalescent analyses showed that the unique mtDNA haplotypes in the Italian wolves likely originated during the late Pleistocene. ABC simulations concordantly showed that the extant wolf populations in Italy and in south-western Europe started to be isolated and declined right after the last glacial maximum. Thus, the standing genetic variation in the Italian wolves principally results from the historical isolation south of the Alps. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0176560 |
| format | Article |
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Large carnivores declined for centuries in most of Europe due to habitat changes, overhunting of their natural prey and direct persecution. However, the current rewilding trends are driving many carnivore populations to expand again, possibly reverting the erosion of their genetic diversity. In this study we reassessed the extent and origin of the genetic variation of the Italian wolf population, which is expanding after centuries of decline and isolation. We genotyped wolves from Italy and other nine populations at four mtDNA regions (control-region, ATP6, COIII and ND4) and 39 autosomal microsatellites. Results of phylogenetic analyses and assignment procedures confirmed in the Italian wolves a second private mtDNA haplotype, which belongs to a haplogroup distributed mostly in southern Europe. Coalescent analyses showed that the unique mtDNA haplotypes in the Italian wolves likely originated during the late Pleistocene. ABC simulations concordantly showed that the extant wolf populations in Italy and in south-western Europe started to be isolated and declined right after the last glacial maximum. Thus, the standing genetic variation in the Italian wolves principally results from the historical isolation south of the Alps.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176560</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28489863</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animal behavior ; Animal populations ; Animal reproduction ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Carnivores ; Computer and Information Sciences ; DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics ; Earth science ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology ; Ecosystem biology ; Ecosystems ; Erosion ; Extinction ; Forests ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic factors ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Genomes ; Genotype ; Gray wolf ; Habitat changes ; Habitats ; Haplotypes ; Italy ; Last Glacial Maximum ; Microsatellites ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Overhunting ; People and Places ; Phylogeny ; Pleistocene ; Prey ; Wolves ; Wolves - genetics ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-05, Vol.12 (5), p.e0176560-e0176560</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2017 Montana et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Large carnivores declined for centuries in most of Europe due to habitat changes, overhunting of their natural prey and direct persecution. However, the current rewilding trends are driving many carnivore populations to expand again, possibly reverting the erosion of their genetic diversity. In this study we reassessed the extent and origin of the genetic variation of the Italian wolf population, which is expanding after centuries of decline and isolation. We genotyped wolves from Italy and other nine populations at four mtDNA regions (control-region, ATP6, COIII and ND4) and 39 autosomal microsatellites. Results of phylogenetic analyses and assignment procedures confirmed in the Italian wolves a second private mtDNA haplotype, which belongs to a haplogroup distributed mostly in southern Europe. Coalescent analyses showed that the unique mtDNA haplotypes in the Italian wolves likely originated during the late Pleistocene. ABC simulations concordantly showed that the extant wolf populations in Italy and in south-western Europe started to be isolated and declined right after the last glacial maximum. 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Large carnivores declined for centuries in most of Europe due to habitat changes, overhunting of their natural prey and direct persecution. However, the current rewilding trends are driving many carnivore populations to expand again, possibly reverting the erosion of their genetic diversity. In this study we reassessed the extent and origin of the genetic variation of the Italian wolf population, which is expanding after centuries of decline and isolation. We genotyped wolves from Italy and other nine populations at four mtDNA regions (control-region, ATP6, COIII and ND4) and 39 autosomal microsatellites. Results of phylogenetic analyses and assignment procedures confirmed in the Italian wolves a second private mtDNA haplotype, which belongs to a haplogroup distributed mostly in southern Europe. Coalescent analyses showed that the unique mtDNA haplotypes in the Italian wolves likely originated during the late Pleistocene. ABC simulations concordantly showed that the extant wolf populations in Italy and in south-western Europe started to be isolated and declined right after the last glacial maximum. Thus, the standing genetic variation in the Italian wolves principally results from the historical isolation south of the Alps.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28489863</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0176560</doi><tpages>e0176560</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-6916</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1897668508 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animal behavior Animal populations Animal reproduction Animals Biodiversity Biology Biology and Life Sciences Carnivores Computer and Information Sciences DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics Earth science Earth Sciences Ecology Ecosystem biology Ecosystems Erosion Extinction Forests Genetic diversity Genetic factors Genetic Variation Genetics, Population Genomes Genotype Gray wolf Habitat changes Habitats Haplotypes Italy Last Glacial Maximum Microsatellites Mitochondrial DNA Overhunting People and Places Phylogeny Pleistocene Prey Wolves Wolves - genetics Zoology |
| title | Combining phylogenetic and demographic inferences to assess the origin of the genetic diversity in an isolated wolf population |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-12T19%3A56%3A20IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Combining%20phylogenetic%20and%20demographic%20inferences%20to%20assess%20the%20origin%20of%20the%20genetic%20diversity%20in%20an%20isolated%20wolf%20population&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Montana,%20Luca&rft.date=2017-05-10&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e0176560&rft.epage=e0176560&rft.pages=e0176560-e0176560&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0176560&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA491464741%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1897668508&rft_id=info:pmid/28489863&rft_galeid=A491464741&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_648a7262fead4d82829fda42ea5fea6e&rfr_iscdi=true |