What are farmers really planting? Measuring the presence and effectiveness of Bt cotton in Pakistan

Genetically modified, insect-resistant Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton is cultivated extensively in Pakistan. Past studies, however, have raised concerns about the prevalence of Bt cotton varieties possessing weak or nonperforming insect-resistance traits conferred by the cry gene. We examine thi...

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Veröffentlicht in:	PloS one 2017-05, Vol.12 (5), p.e0176592
Hauptverfasser:	Spielman, David J, Zaidi, Fatima, Zambrano, Patricia, Khan, Asif Ali, Ali, Shaukat, Cheema, H Masooma Naseer, Nazli, Hina, Khan, Rao Sohail Ahmad, Iqbal, Arshad, Zia, Muhammad Amir, Ali, Ghulam Muhammad
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Agricultural development Agricultural practices Agricultural research Agriculture Agrochemicals Agronomy Analytical chemistry Attitude control Bacillus thuringiensis Biochemistry Biology and Life Sciences Biotechnology Breeding Bt gene Case studies Chemical attack Corn Cotton Crop protection Crops Crops, Agricultural CRY protein Cry1Ac gene Cry1Ac toxin Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA fingerprinting DNA topoisomerase IV Dosage Environmental protection Farmers Farming Fertilizers Gene expression Gene mapping Genes Genetic engineering Genetically modified crops Genetics Gossypium Households Immunoassays Insect control Insects Inspection Larvae Measurement Pakistan People and Places Pest control Pest Control, Biological - methods Pesticide application Pesticide applications Pesticides Pests Physical Sciences Plant breeding Plant protection Plant tissues Planting Pollen Productivity Proteins Public policy Quality control Seeds Surveys Testing procedures Toxins Transgenic plants Visual perception Warning
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