Enhancement of immune cytokines and splenic CD4+ T cells by electroacupuncture at ST36 acupoint of SD rats
Electroacupuncture at the ST36 acupoint can enhance the body's immune function. However, the mechanism for this enhancement has not been fully described. Our study was designed to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on the immune function of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were rand...
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| creator | Chen, Longyun Xu, Anli Yin, Nina Zhao, Min Wang, Zhigang Chen, Tao Gao, Yisheng Chen, Zebin |
| description | Electroacupuncture at the ST36 acupoint can enhance the body's immune function. However, the mechanism for this enhancement has not been fully described. Our study was designed to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on the immune function of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a non-acupoint group (abdominal muscle acupuntured) and a ST36 acupoint group. Our results showed that successive electroacupuncture at the ST36 acupoint for 3 d significantly enhanced the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) level in the serum of SD rats. The results also showed that the serum and extracts from spleen cells of the ST36 acupoint group contained higher levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-17 compared to those of the other two groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that electroacupuncture applied to the ST36 acupoint enhanced the expression level of CD4 in spleen cells. Furthermore, it was observed that CD4 co-localized with transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels at the membrane of splenic CD4+ T cells and the expression level of CD4 was related to TRPV channels in the electroacupuncture treatment. These observations indicated that electroacupuncture stimulation at the ST36 acupoint enhanced the level of immune cytokines and splenic CD4+ T cells through TRPV channels in this system. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0175568 |
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However, the mechanism for this enhancement has not been fully described. Our study was designed to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on the immune function of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a non-acupoint group (abdominal muscle acupuntured) and a ST36 acupoint group. Our results showed that successive electroacupuncture at the ST36 acupoint for 3 d significantly enhanced the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) level in the serum of SD rats. The results also showed that the serum and extracts from spleen cells of the ST36 acupoint group contained higher levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-17 compared to those of the other two groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that electroacupuncture applied to the ST36 acupoint enhanced the expression level of CD4 in spleen cells. Furthermore, it was observed that CD4 co-localized with transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels at the membrane of splenic CD4+ T cells and the expression level of CD4 was related to TRPV channels in the electroacupuncture treatment. These observations indicated that electroacupuncture stimulation at the ST36 acupoint enhanced the level of immune cytokines and splenic CD4+ T cells through TRPV channels in this system.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175568</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28406959</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Analysis ; Animals ; Biology and Life Sciences ; CD4 antigen ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism ; Cytokines ; Cytokines - blood ; Electroacupuncture ; Electroacupuncture - methods ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Interferon-gamma - blood ; Interleukin-2 - blood ; Interleukin-7 - blood ; Lymphocytes T ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Patient outcomes ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Spleen - immunology ; T cell receptors ; TRPV Cation Channels - metabolism</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-04, Vol.12 (4), p.e0175568</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2017 Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 Chen et al 2017 Chen et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-e41bad863f69d55e183668aedd10e5c55b8f2f896c33593954b5b8a2f9d21aff3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-e41bad863f69d55e183668aedd10e5c55b8f2f896c33593954b5b8a2f9d21aff3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5391063/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5391063/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28406959$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Singh, Brij</contributor><creatorcontrib>Chen, Longyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Anli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Nina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhigang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Yisheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Zebin</creatorcontrib><title>Enhancement of immune cytokines and splenic CD4+ T cells by electroacupuncture at ST36 acupoint of SD rats</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Electroacupuncture at the ST36 acupoint can enhance the body's immune function. However, the mechanism for this enhancement has not been fully described. Our study was designed to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on the immune function of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a non-acupoint group (abdominal muscle acupuntured) and a ST36 acupoint group. Our results showed that successive electroacupuncture at the ST36 acupoint for 3 d significantly enhanced the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) level in the serum of SD rats. The results also showed that the serum and extracts from spleen cells of the ST36 acupoint group contained higher levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-17 compared to those of the other two groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that electroacupuncture applied to the ST36 acupoint enhanced the expression level of CD4 in spleen cells. Furthermore, it was observed that CD4 co-localized with transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels at the membrane of splenic CD4+ T cells and the expression level of CD4 was related to TRPV channels in the electroacupuncture treatment. These observations indicated that electroacupuncture stimulation at the ST36 acupoint enhanced the level of immune cytokines and splenic CD4+ T cells through TRPV channels in this system.</description><subject>Acupuncture</subject><subject>Acupuncture Points</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>CD4 antigen</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytokines - blood</subject><subject>Electroacupuncture</subject><subject>Electroacupuncture - methods</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Interferon-gamma - blood</subject><subject>Interleukin-2 - blood</subject><subject>Interleukin-7 - blood</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Patient outcomes</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Spleen - immunology</subject><subject>T cell receptors</subject><subject>TRPV Cation Channels - metabolism</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkmGL0zAcxoso3nn6DUQDgiCy2TRNmrwRjt2pg4MDN30b0jTZMtukl6Tivr2Z6x0rKEheJDz5_Z-EhyfLXsJ8DlEFP-zc4K1o572zap7DCmNCH2XnkKFiRoocPT45n2XPQtjlOUaUkKfZWUHLnDDMzrPdtd0KK1WnbAROA9N1g1VA7qP7YawKQNgGhL5V1kiwuCrfgzWQqm0DqPdAtUpG74Qc-sHKOHgFRASrNSLgoDlz9FxdAS9ieJ490aIN6sW4X2TfPl2vF19mN7efl4vLm5kkmMWZKmEtGkqQJqzBWEGKCKFCNQ3MFZYY11QXmjIiEcIMMVzWSRKFZk0BhdboInt99O1bF_gYU-CQ0gpVJYYwEcsj0Tix4703nfB77oThfwTnN1z4aGSrONWV1CivRKPrEpGaoapmeQ2JZgITKJLXx_G1oe5UI1OOXrQT0-mNNVu-cT85RgzmBCWDN6OBd3eDCvEfXx6pjUi_Mla7ZCY7EyS_LCnDkJGSJGr-FyqtRnVGpqJok_TJwLvJQGKi-hU3YgiBL1df_5-9_T5l356wWyXauA2uHaJxNkzB8ghK70LwSj8kB3N-6Pl9GvzQcz72PI29Ok39Yei-2Og3o234Kw</recordid><startdate>20170413</startdate><enddate>20170413</enddate><creator>Chen, Longyun</creator><creator>Xu, Anli</creator><creator>Yin, Nina</creator><creator>Zhao, Min</creator><creator>Wang, Zhigang</creator><creator>Chen, Tao</creator><creator>Gao, Yisheng</creator><creator>Chen, Zebin</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170413</creationdate><title>Enhancement of immune cytokines and splenic CD4+ T cells by electroacupuncture at ST36 acupoint of SD rats</title><author>Chen, Longyun ; Xu, Anli ; Yin, Nina ; Zhao, Min ; Wang, Zhigang ; Chen, Tao ; Gao, Yisheng ; Chen, Zebin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-e41bad863f69d55e183668aedd10e5c55b8f2f896c33593954b5b8a2f9d21aff3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Acupuncture</topic><topic>Acupuncture Points</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>CD4 antigen</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Cytokines - blood</topic><topic>Electroacupuncture</topic><topic>Electroacupuncture - methods</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Interferon-gamma - blood</topic><topic>Interleukin-2 - blood</topic><topic>Interleukin-7 - blood</topic><topic>Lymphocytes T</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Patient outcomes</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Spleen - immunology</topic><topic>T cell receptors</topic><topic>TRPV Cation Channels - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Longyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Anli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Nina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhigang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Yisheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Zebin</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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However, the mechanism for this enhancement has not been fully described. Our study was designed to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on the immune function of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a non-acupoint group (abdominal muscle acupuntured) and a ST36 acupoint group. Our results showed that successive electroacupuncture at the ST36 acupoint for 3 d significantly enhanced the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) level in the serum of SD rats. The results also showed that the serum and extracts from spleen cells of the ST36 acupoint group contained higher levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-17 compared to those of the other two groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that electroacupuncture applied to the ST36 acupoint enhanced the expression level of CD4 in spleen cells. Furthermore, it was observed that CD4 co-localized with transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels at the membrane of splenic CD4+ T cells and the expression level of CD4 was related to TRPV channels in the electroacupuncture treatment. These observations indicated that electroacupuncture stimulation at the ST36 acupoint enhanced the level of immune cytokines and splenic CD4+ T cells through TRPV channels in this system.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28406959</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0175568</doi><tpages>e0175568</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acupuncture Acupuncture Points Analysis Animals Biology and Life Sciences CD4 antigen CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism Cytokines Cytokines - blood Electroacupuncture Electroacupuncture - methods Immune response Immune system Interferon-gamma - blood Interleukin-2 - blood Interleukin-7 - blood Lymphocytes T Male Medicine and Health Sciences Patient outcomes Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Research and Analysis Methods Spleen - immunology T cell receptors TRPV Cation Channels - metabolism |
| title | Enhancement of immune cytokines and splenic CD4+ T cells by electroacupuncture at ST36 acupoint of SD rats |
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