Translocation of the neonicotinoid seed treatment clothianidin in maize
Neonicotinoid seed treatments, typically clothianidin or thiamethoxam, are routinely applied to >80% of maize (corn) seed grown in North America where they are marketed as a targeted pesticide delivery system. Despite this widespread use, the amount of compound translocated into plant tissue from...
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| description | Neonicotinoid seed treatments, typically clothianidin or thiamethoxam, are routinely applied to >80% of maize (corn) seed grown in North America where they are marketed as a targeted pesticide delivery system. Despite this widespread use, the amount of compound translocated into plant tissue from the initial seed treatment to provide protection has not been reported. Our two year field study compared concentrations of clothianidin seed treatments in maize to that of maize without neonicotinoid seed treatments and found neonicotinoids present in root tissues up to 34 days post planting. Plant-bound clothianidin concentrations followed an exponential decay pattern with initially high values followed by a rapid decrease within the first ~20 days post planting. A maximum of 1.34% of the initial seed treatment was successfully recovered from plant tissues in both study years and a maximum of 0.26% was recovered from root tissue. Our findings show neonicotinoid seed treatments may provide protection from some early season secondary maize pests. However, the proportion of the neonicotinoid seed treatment clothianidin translocated into plant tissues throughout the growing season is low overall and this observation may provide a mechanism to explain reports of inconsistent efficacy of this pest management approach and increasing detections of environmental neonicotinoids. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0173836 |
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Despite this widespread use, the amount of compound translocated into plant tissue from the initial seed treatment to provide protection has not been reported. Our two year field study compared concentrations of clothianidin seed treatments in maize to that of maize without neonicotinoid seed treatments and found neonicotinoids present in root tissues up to 34 days post planting. Plant-bound clothianidin concentrations followed an exponential decay pattern with initially high values followed by a rapid decrease within the first ~20 days post planting. A maximum of 1.34% of the initial seed treatment was successfully recovered from plant tissues in both study years and a maximum of 0.26% was recovered from root tissue. Our findings show neonicotinoid seed treatments may provide protection from some early season secondary maize pests. However, the proportion of the neonicotinoid seed treatment clothianidin translocated into plant tissues throughout the growing season is low overall and this observation may provide a mechanism to explain reports of inconsistent efficacy of this pest management approach and increasing detections of environmental neonicotinoids.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173836</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28282441</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Agrochemicals ; Animals ; Biological Transport - drug effects ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Chemical pest control ; Coleoptera ; Corn ; Crop Protection - economics ; Crop Protection - methods ; Delia platura ; Economic conditions ; Environmental management ; Glycine max ; Grain ; Growing season ; Guanidines - pharmacokinetics ; Insecticides ; Neonicotinoid insecticides ; Neonicotinoids ; Pest control ; Pesticides ; Pests ; Physiological aspects ; Plant protection ; Plant Roots - drug effects ; Plant tissues ; Planting ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Seed treatments ; Seeds ; Seeds - drug effects ; Seeds - metabolism ; Social Sciences ; Sorghum ; Soybeans ; Studies ; Thiamethoxam ; Thiazoles - pharmacokinetics ; Translocation ; Zea mays ; Zea mays - drug effects ; Zea mays - growth & development ; Zea mays - metabolism</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-03, Vol.12 (3), p.e0173836-e0173836</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2017 Alford, Krupke. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Despite this widespread use, the amount of compound translocated into plant tissue from the initial seed treatment to provide protection has not been reported. Our two year field study compared concentrations of clothianidin seed treatments in maize to that of maize without neonicotinoid seed treatments and found neonicotinoids present in root tissues up to 34 days post planting. Plant-bound clothianidin concentrations followed an exponential decay pattern with initially high values followed by a rapid decrease within the first ~20 days post planting. A maximum of 1.34% of the initial seed treatment was successfully recovered from plant tissues in both study years and a maximum of 0.26% was recovered from root tissue. Our findings show neonicotinoid seed treatments may provide protection from some early season secondary maize pests. However, the proportion of the neonicotinoid seed treatment clothianidin translocated into plant tissues throughout the growing season is low overall and this observation may provide a mechanism to explain reports of inconsistent efficacy of this pest management approach and increasing detections of environmental neonicotinoids.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Agrochemicals</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological Transport - drug effects</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Chemical pest control</subject><subject>Coleoptera</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Crop Protection - economics</subject><subject>Crop Protection - methods</subject><subject>Delia platura</subject><subject>Economic conditions</subject><subject>Environmental management</subject><subject>Glycine max</subject><subject>Grain</subject><subject>Growing season</subject><subject>Guanidines - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Neonicotinoid insecticides</subject><subject>Neonicotinoids</subject><subject>Pest control</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Pests</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Plant protection</subject><subject>Plant Roots - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alford, Adam</au><au>Krupke, Christian H</au><au>Stout, Michael J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Translocation of the neonicotinoid seed treatment clothianidin in maize</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-03-10</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e0173836</spage><epage>e0173836</epage><pages>e0173836-e0173836</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Neonicotinoid seed treatments, typically clothianidin or thiamethoxam, are routinely applied to >80% of maize (corn) seed grown in North America where they are marketed as a targeted pesticide delivery system. Despite this widespread use, the amount of compound translocated into plant tissue from the initial seed treatment to provide protection has not been reported. Our two year field study compared concentrations of clothianidin seed treatments in maize to that of maize without neonicotinoid seed treatments and found neonicotinoids present in root tissues up to 34 days post planting. Plant-bound clothianidin concentrations followed an exponential decay pattern with initially high values followed by a rapid decrease within the first ~20 days post planting. A maximum of 1.34% of the initial seed treatment was successfully recovered from plant tissues in both study years and a maximum of 0.26% was recovered from root tissue. Our findings show neonicotinoid seed treatments may provide protection from some early season secondary maize pests. However, the proportion of the neonicotinoid seed treatment clothianidin translocated into plant tissues throughout the growing season is low overall and this observation may provide a mechanism to explain reports of inconsistent efficacy of this pest management approach and increasing detections of environmental neonicotinoids.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28282441</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0173836</doi><tpages>e0173836</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4035-1396</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agriculture Agrochemicals Animals Biological Transport - drug effects Biology and Life Sciences Chemical pest control Coleoptera Corn Crop Protection - economics Crop Protection - methods Delia platura Economic conditions Environmental management Glycine max Grain Growing season Guanidines - pharmacokinetics Insecticides Neonicotinoid insecticides Neonicotinoids Pest control Pesticides Pests Physiological aspects Plant protection Plant Roots - drug effects Plant tissues Planting Research and Analysis Methods Seed treatments Seeds Seeds - drug effects Seeds - metabolism Social Sciences Sorghum Soybeans Studies Thiamethoxam Thiazoles - pharmacokinetics Translocation Zea mays Zea mays - drug effects Zea mays - growth & development Zea mays - metabolism |
| title | Translocation of the neonicotinoid seed treatment clothianidin in maize |
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