Association between vertebral cross-sectional area and lumbar lordosis angle in adolescents
Lumbar lordosis (LL) is more prominent in women than in men, but the mechanisms responsible for this discrepancy are poorly defined. A recent study indicates that newborn girls have smaller vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) when compared to boys-a difference that persists throughout life and is i...
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| description | Lumbar lordosis (LL) is more prominent in women than in men, but the mechanisms responsible for this discrepancy are poorly defined. A recent study indicates that newborn girls have smaller vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) when compared to boys-a difference that persists throughout life and is independent of body size. We determined the relations between vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) and LL angle and whether sex differences in lumbar lordosis are related to sex differences in vertebral CSA. Using multi-planar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we measured vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) and vertebral height of the spine of 40 healthy boys and 40 girls, ages 9-13 years. Measures of the CSA of the lumbar vertebrae significantly differed between sexes (9.38 ± 1.46 vs. 7.93 ± 0.69 in boys and girls, respectively; P < 0.0001), while the degree of LL was significantly greater in girls than in boys (23.7 ± 6.1 vs. 27.6 ± 8.0 in boys and girls, respectively; P = 0.02). When all subjects were analyzed together, values for LL angle were negatively correlated to vertebral CSA (r = -0.47; P < 0.0001); this was also true when boys and girls were analyzed separately. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that vertebral CSA was independently associated with LL, even after accounting for sex, age, height or vertebral height, and weight. Similar negative relations were present when thoracic vertebrae were analyzed (Model P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.37, thoracic vertebral CSA slope P < 0.0001), suggesting that deficient vertebral cross-sectional dimensions are not merely the consequence of the anterior lumbar curvature. We conclude that vertebral CSA is negatively associated with LL, and that the greater degree of LL in females could, at least in part, be due to smaller vertebral cross-sectional dimensions. Studies are needed to examine the potential relations between vertebral CSA and spinal conditions known to be associated with increased LL, such as spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0172844 |
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A recent study indicates that newborn girls have smaller vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) when compared to boys-a difference that persists throughout life and is independent of body size. We determined the relations between vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) and LL angle and whether sex differences in lumbar lordosis are related to sex differences in vertebral CSA. Using multi-planar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we measured vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) and vertebral height of the spine of 40 healthy boys and 40 girls, ages 9-13 years. Measures of the CSA of the lumbar vertebrae significantly differed between sexes (9.38 ± 1.46 vs. 7.93 ± 0.69 in boys and girls, respectively; P < 0.0001), while the degree of LL was significantly greater in girls than in boys (23.7 ± 6.1 vs. 27.6 ± 8.0 in boys and girls, respectively; P = 0.02). When all subjects were analyzed together, values for LL angle were negatively correlated to vertebral CSA (r = -0.47; P < 0.0001); this was also true when boys and girls were analyzed separately. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that vertebral CSA was independently associated with LL, even after accounting for sex, age, height or vertebral height, and weight. Similar negative relations were present when thoracic vertebrae were analyzed (Model P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.37, thoracic vertebral CSA slope P < 0.0001), suggesting that deficient vertebral cross-sectional dimensions are not merely the consequence of the anterior lumbar curvature. We conclude that vertebral CSA is negatively associated with LL, and that the greater degree of LL in females could, at least in part, be due to smaller vertebral cross-sectional dimensions. Studies are needed to examine the potential relations between vertebral CSA and spinal conditions known to be associated with increased LL, such as spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172844</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28245271</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Back pain ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Body size ; Child ; Children & youth ; Curvature ; Departments ; Female ; Females ; Gender aspects ; Gender differences ; Genetic aspects ; Girls ; Health aspects ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Lordosis ; Lordosis - pathology ; Lumbar Vertebrae - pathology ; Magnetic resonance ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Pediatrics ; People and Places ; Physical Sciences ; Posture ; Pregnancy ; Puberty ; Regression analysis ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Sex ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex differences ; Spine ; Spine (lumbar) ; Spondylolisthesis ; Teenagers ; Thoracic Vertebrae - pathology ; Thorax ; Vertebrae ; Womens health ; Young adults ; Youth</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-02, Vol.12 (2), p.e0172844-e0172844</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2017 Wren et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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A recent study indicates that newborn girls have smaller vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) when compared to boys-a difference that persists throughout life and is independent of body size. We determined the relations between vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) and LL angle and whether sex differences in lumbar lordosis are related to sex differences in vertebral CSA. Using multi-planar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we measured vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) and vertebral height of the spine of 40 healthy boys and 40 girls, ages 9-13 years. Measures of the CSA of the lumbar vertebrae significantly differed between sexes (9.38 ± 1.46 vs. 7.93 ± 0.69 in boys and girls, respectively; P < 0.0001), while the degree of LL was significantly greater in girls than in boys (23.7 ± 6.1 vs. 27.6 ± 8.0 in boys and girls, respectively; P = 0.02). When all subjects were analyzed together, values for LL angle were negatively correlated to vertebral CSA (r = -0.47; P < 0.0001); this was also true when boys and girls were analyzed separately. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that vertebral CSA was independently associated with LL, even after accounting for sex, age, height or vertebral height, and weight. Similar negative relations were present when thoracic vertebrae were analyzed (Model P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.37, thoracic vertebral CSA slope P < 0.0001), suggesting that deficient vertebral cross-sectional dimensions are not merely the consequence of the anterior lumbar curvature. We conclude that vertebral CSA is negatively associated with LL, and that the greater degree of LL in females could, at least in part, be due to smaller vertebral cross-sectional dimensions. Studies are needed to examine the potential relations between vertebral CSA and spinal conditions known to be associated with increased LL, such as spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Back pain</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Curvature</subject><subject>Departments</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Gender aspects</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Girls</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lordosis</subject><subject>Lordosis - pathology</subject><subject>Lumbar Vertebrae - pathology</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Posture</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Puberty</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Sex</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Sex differences</subject><subject>Spine</subject><subject>Spine (lumbar)</subject><subject>Spondylolisthesis</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Thoracic Vertebrae - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wren, Tishya A L</au><au>Aggabao, Patricia C</au><au>Poorghasamians, Ervin</au><au>Chavez, Thomas A</au><au>Ponrartana, Skorn</au><au>Gilsanz, Vicente</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Association between vertebral cross-sectional area and lumbar lordosis angle in adolescents</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-02-28</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e0172844</spage><epage>e0172844</epage><pages>e0172844-e0172844</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Lumbar lordosis (LL) is more prominent in women than in men, but the mechanisms responsible for this discrepancy are poorly defined. A recent study indicates that newborn girls have smaller vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) when compared to boys-a difference that persists throughout life and is independent of body size. We determined the relations between vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) and LL angle and whether sex differences in lumbar lordosis are related to sex differences in vertebral CSA. Using multi-planar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we measured vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) and vertebral height of the spine of 40 healthy boys and 40 girls, ages 9-13 years. Measures of the CSA of the lumbar vertebrae significantly differed between sexes (9.38 ± 1.46 vs. 7.93 ± 0.69 in boys and girls, respectively; P < 0.0001), while the degree of LL was significantly greater in girls than in boys (23.7 ± 6.1 vs. 27.6 ± 8.0 in boys and girls, respectively; P = 0.02). When all subjects were analyzed together, values for LL angle were negatively correlated to vertebral CSA (r = -0.47; P < 0.0001); this was also true when boys and girls were analyzed separately. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that vertebral CSA was independently associated with LL, even after accounting for sex, age, height or vertebral height, and weight. Similar negative relations were present when thoracic vertebrae were analyzed (Model P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.37, thoracic vertebral CSA slope P < 0.0001), suggesting that deficient vertebral cross-sectional dimensions are not merely the consequence of the anterior lumbar curvature. We conclude that vertebral CSA is negatively associated with LL, and that the greater degree of LL in females could, at least in part, be due to smaller vertebral cross-sectional dimensions. Studies are needed to examine the potential relations between vertebral CSA and spinal conditions known to be associated with increased LL, such as spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28245271</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0172844</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adolescent Adolescents Back pain Biology and Life Sciences Body size Child Children & youth Curvature Departments Female Females Gender aspects Gender differences Genetic aspects Girls Health aspects Hospitals Humans Lordosis Lordosis - pathology Lumbar Vertebrae - pathology Magnetic resonance Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Pediatrics People and Places Physical Sciences Posture Pregnancy Puberty Regression analysis Research and Analysis Methods Sex Sex Characteristics Sex differences Spine Spine (lumbar) Spondylolisthesis Teenagers Thoracic Vertebrae - pathology Thorax Vertebrae Womens health Young adults Youth |
| title | Association between vertebral cross-sectional area and lumbar lordosis angle in adolescents |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-21T21%3A14%3A13IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Association%20between%20vertebral%20cross-sectional%20area%20and%20lumbar%20lordosis%20angle%20in%20adolescents&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Wren,%20Tishya%20A%20L&rft.date=2017-02-28&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e0172844&rft.epage=e0172844&rft.pages=e0172844-e0172844&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0172844&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA483470541%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1872790028&rft_id=info:pmid/28245271&rft_galeid=A483470541&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_0c0cb001a7804f49b11ae961d544af3b&rfr_iscdi=true |