Cholesterol crystals enhance TLR2- and TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine responses of monocytes to the proatherogenic oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis

Cholesterol deposits and pro-inflammatory cytokines play an essential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a predominant cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epidemiological evidence has linked periodontal disease (PD) with atherosclerotic CVD. Accordingly, viable periodontal pathogens, in...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2017-02, Vol.12 (2), p.e0172773-e0172773
Hauptverfasser: Køllgaard, Tania, Enevold, Christian, Bendtzen, Klaus, Hansen, Peter R, Givskov, Michael, Holmstrup, Palle, Nielsen, Claus H
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container_title PloS one
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creator Køllgaard, Tania
Enevold, Christian
Bendtzen, Klaus
Hansen, Peter R
Givskov, Michael
Holmstrup, Palle
Nielsen, Claus H
description Cholesterol deposits and pro-inflammatory cytokines play an essential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a predominant cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epidemiological evidence has linked periodontal disease (PD) with atherosclerotic CVD. Accordingly, viable periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, have been found in atherosclerotic plaques in humans and mice. We aimed to determine whether cholesterol crystals (CHCs) and oral bacteria synergize in the stimulation of human monocytes. Incubation of human monocytes with CHCs induced secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Moreover, CHCs markedly enhanced secretion of IL-1β by monocytes stimulated with the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the TLR2 agonist Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid. Notably, CHCs also enhanced IL-1β secretion induced by P. gingivalis LPS and IL-1β secretion induced by whole P. gingivalis bacteria. This enhancement was abrogated by the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors Z-YVAD-FMK and glibenclamide. CHCs had no effect on cytokine production induced by P. gingivalis gingipains. Taken together, our findings support that CHCs, via stimulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, act in synergy with the periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis to promote monocyte secretion of pro-atherogenic cytokines.
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Epidemiological evidence has linked periodontal disease (PD) with atherosclerotic CVD. Accordingly, viable periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, have been found in atherosclerotic plaques in humans and mice. We aimed to determine whether cholesterol crystals (CHCs) and oral bacteria synergize in the stimulation of human monocytes. Incubation of human monocytes with CHCs induced secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Moreover, CHCs markedly enhanced secretion of IL-1β by monocytes stimulated with the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the TLR2 agonist Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid. Notably, CHCs also enhanced IL-1β secretion induced by P. gingivalis LPS and IL-1β secretion induced by whole P. gingivalis bacteria. This enhancement was abrogated by the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors Z-YVAD-FMK and glibenclamide. CHCs had no effect on cytokine production induced by P. gingivalis gingipains. 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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Epidemiological evidence has linked periodontal disease (PD) with atherosclerotic CVD. Accordingly, viable periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, have been found in atherosclerotic plaques in humans and mice. We aimed to determine whether cholesterol crystals (CHCs) and oral bacteria synergize in the stimulation of human monocytes. Incubation of human monocytes with CHCs induced secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Moreover, CHCs markedly enhanced secretion of IL-1β by monocytes stimulated with the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the TLR2 agonist Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid. Notably, CHCs also enhanced IL-1β secretion induced by P. gingivalis LPS and IL-1β secretion induced by whole P. gingivalis bacteria. This enhancement was abrogated by the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors Z-YVAD-FMK and glibenclamide. CHCs had no effect on cytokine production induced by P. gingivalis gingipains. Taken together, our findings support that CHCs, via stimulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, act in synergy with the periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis to promote monocyte secretion of pro-atherogenic cytokines.</description><subject>Anaerobic bacteria</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arteriosclerosis</subject><subject>Atheroembolism</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - complications</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - metabolism</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - microbiology</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blood &amp; organ donations</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol - chemistry</subject><subject>Cholesterol - metabolism</subject><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Fibroblasts</subject><subject>Glibenclamide</subject><subject>Gram-positive bacteria</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Inflammasomes</subject><subject>Inflammasomes - drug effects</subject><subject>Inflammasomes - metabolism</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Interleukin 6</subject><subject>Interleukin 8</subject><subject>Interleukin-1beta - metabolism</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - metabolism</subject><subject>Interleukin-8 - metabolism</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Ligands</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharides</subject><subject>Lipoteichoic acid</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Monocytes</subject><subject>Monocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Monocytes - microbiology</subject><subject>NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein - antagonists &amp; 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Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Køllgaard, Tania</au><au>Enevold, Christian</au><au>Bendtzen, Klaus</au><au>Hansen, Peter R</au><au>Givskov, Michael</au><au>Holmstrup, Palle</au><au>Nielsen, Claus H</au><au>Amar, Salomon</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cholesterol crystals enhance TLR2- and TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine responses of monocytes to the proatherogenic oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-02-24</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e0172773</spage><epage>e0172773</epage><pages>e0172773-e0172773</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Cholesterol deposits and pro-inflammatory cytokines play an essential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a predominant cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epidemiological evidence has linked periodontal disease (PD) with atherosclerotic CVD. Accordingly, viable periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, have been found in atherosclerotic plaques in humans and mice. We aimed to determine whether cholesterol crystals (CHCs) and oral bacteria synergize in the stimulation of human monocytes. Incubation of human monocytes with CHCs induced secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Moreover, CHCs markedly enhanced secretion of IL-1β by monocytes stimulated with the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the TLR2 agonist Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid. Notably, CHCs also enhanced IL-1β secretion induced by P. gingivalis LPS and IL-1β secretion induced by whole P. gingivalis bacteria. This enhancement was abrogated by the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors Z-YVAD-FMK and glibenclamide. CHCs had no effect on cytokine production induced by P. gingivalis gingipains. Taken together, our findings support that CHCs, via stimulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, act in synergy with the periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis to promote monocyte secretion of pro-atherogenic cytokines.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28235036</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0172773</doi><tpages>e0172773</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1932-6203
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1932-6203
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subjects Anaerobic bacteria
Animals
Arteriosclerosis
Atheroembolism
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis - complications
Atherosclerosis - metabolism
Atherosclerosis - microbiology
Bacteria
Biology and Life Sciences
Blood & organ donations
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Cholesterol
Cholesterol - chemistry
Cholesterol - metabolism
Crystals
Cytokines
Dentistry
E coli
Epidemiology
Escherichia coli
Fibroblasts
Glibenclamide
Gram-positive bacteria
Hospitals
Humans
Immune system
Inflammasomes
Inflammasomes - drug effects
Inflammasomes - metabolism
Inflammation
Interleukin 6
Interleukin 8
Interleukin-1beta - metabolism
Interleukin-6 - metabolism
Interleukin-8 - metabolism
Kinases
Ligands
Lipids
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipoteichoic acid
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mice
Monocytes
Monocytes - metabolism
Monocytes - microbiology
NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein - antagonists & inhibitors
NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein - genetics
Odontology
Pathogenesis
Pathogens
Periodontal disease
Periodontal Diseases - complications
Periodontal Diseases - metabolism
Periodontal Diseases - microbiology
Periodontics
Physical Sciences
Plaque, Atherosclerotic - metabolism
Plaque, Atherosclerotic - microbiology
Plaques
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Porphyromonas gingivalis - metabolism
Porphyromonas gingivalis - pathogenicity
Proteins
Rheumatology
Signal transduction
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus - chemistry
Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity
Stimulation
Synergism
Thyroid gland
TLR2 protein
TLR4 protein
Toll-Like Receptor 2 - administration & dosage
Toll-Like Receptor 2 - agonists
Toll-Like Receptor 2 - metabolism
Toll-Like Receptor 4 - administration & dosage
Toll-Like Receptor 4 - agonists
Toll-Like Receptor 4 - metabolism
Toll-like receptors
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumor necrosis factor-α
title Cholesterol crystals enhance TLR2- and TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine responses of monocytes to the proatherogenic oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis
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