Prenatal care and child growth and schooling in four low- and medium-income countries
The effectiveness of prenatal care for improving birth and subsequent child outcomes in low-income countries remains controversial, with much of the evidence to date coming from high-income countries and focused on early-life outcomes. We examined associations between prenatal care visits and birth...
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creator | Liu, Xiaoying Behrman, Jere R Stein, Aryeh D Adair, Linda S Bhargava, Santosh K Borja, Judith B da Silveira, Mariangela Freitas Horta, Bernardo L Martorell, Reynaldo Norris, Shane A Richter, Linda M Sachdev, Harshpal S |
description | The effectiveness of prenatal care for improving birth and subsequent child outcomes in low-income countries remains controversial, with much of the evidence to date coming from high-income countries and focused on early-life outcomes. We examined associations between prenatal care visits and birth weight, height-for-age at 24 months and attained schooling in four low- and middle-income countries.
We pooled data from prospective birth-cohort studies from Brazil, Guatemala, Philippines and South Africa. We created a prenatal care utilization index based on the number and timing of prenatal visits. Associations were examined between this index and birth weight, height-for-age at 24 months, and highest attained schooling grade until adulthood.
Among 7203 individuals in the analysis, 68.9% (Philippines) to 96.7% (South Africa) had at least one prenatal care visit, with most having at least four visits. Over 40% of Brazilians and Guatemalans had their first prenatal visit in the first trimester, but fewer Filipinos (13.9%) and South Africans (19.8%) did so. Prenatal care utilization was not significantly associated with birth weight (p>0.05 in pooled data). Each unit increase in the prenatal care utilization index was associated with 0.09 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.15) higher height-for-age z-score at 24 months and with 0.26 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.35) higher schooling grades attained. Although there was some heterogeneity and greater imprecision across sites, the results were qualitatively similar among the four different populations.
While not related to birth weight, prenatal care utilization was associated with important outcomes later in life, specifically higher height-for-age at 24 months and higher attained school grades. These results suggest the relevance of prenatal care visits for human capital outcomes important over the lifecycle. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0171299 |
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We pooled data from prospective birth-cohort studies from Brazil, Guatemala, Philippines and South Africa. We created a prenatal care utilization index based on the number and timing of prenatal visits. Associations were examined between this index and birth weight, height-for-age at 24 months, and highest attained schooling grade until adulthood.
Among 7203 individuals in the analysis, 68.9% (Philippines) to 96.7% (South Africa) had at least one prenatal care visit, with most having at least four visits. Over 40% of Brazilians and Guatemalans had their first prenatal visit in the first trimester, but fewer Filipinos (13.9%) and South Africans (19.8%) did so. Prenatal care utilization was not significantly associated with birth weight (p>0.05 in pooled data). Each unit increase in the prenatal care utilization index was associated with 0.09 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.15) higher height-for-age z-score at 24 months and with 0.26 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.35) higher schooling grades attained. Although there was some heterogeneity and greater imprecision across sites, the results were qualitatively similar among the four different populations.
While not related to birth weight, prenatal care utilization was associated with important outcomes later in life, specifically higher height-for-age at 24 months and higher attained school grades. These results suggest the relevance of prenatal care visits for human capital outcomes important over the lifecycle.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171299</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28158229</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Age ; Analysis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Birth weight ; Breastfeeding & lactation ; Child ; Child Development ; Cognition & reasoning ; Cohort analysis ; Councils ; Demographic aspects ; Developing countries ; Developing Countries - statistics & numerical data ; Education - statistics & numerical data ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Genetic counseling ; Human capital ; Humans ; Income ; LDCs ; Life cycle analysis ; Low income groups ; Male ; Medical research ; Medical screening ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mortality ; Nutrition ; Obstetrics ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Pediatrics ; Physical Sciences ; Population ; Postpartum period ; Pregnancy ; Premature birth ; Prenatal care ; Prenatal Care - statistics & numerical data ; Public health ; Quality ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Schools ; Social Sciences ; Studies ; Systematic review ; Utilization</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-02, Vol.12 (2), p.e0171299</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2017 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 Liu et al 2017 Liu et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-3f1941f3a3519b083c1c67dc2af3ee720bf9491d5b6a3caa3d3519c250cdc5c73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-3f1941f3a3519b083c1c67dc2af3ee720bf9491d5b6a3caa3d3519c250cdc5c73</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9897-1291</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5291430/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5291430/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,729,782,786,866,887,2104,2930,23873,27931,27932,53798,53800</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28158229$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Simeoni, Umberto</contributor><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xiaoying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Behrman, Jere R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stein, Aryeh D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adair, Linda S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhargava, Santosh K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borja, Judith B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silveira, Mariangela Freitas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horta, Bernardo L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martorell, Reynaldo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norris, Shane A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richter, Linda M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sachdev, Harshpal S</creatorcontrib><title>Prenatal care and child growth and schooling in four low- and medium-income countries</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The effectiveness of prenatal care for improving birth and subsequent child outcomes in low-income countries remains controversial, with much of the evidence to date coming from high-income countries and focused on early-life outcomes. We examined associations between prenatal care visits and birth weight, height-for-age at 24 months and attained schooling in four low- and middle-income countries.
We pooled data from prospective birth-cohort studies from Brazil, Guatemala, Philippines and South Africa. We created a prenatal care utilization index based on the number and timing of prenatal visits. Associations were examined between this index and birth weight, height-for-age at 24 months, and highest attained schooling grade until adulthood.
Among 7203 individuals in the analysis, 68.9% (Philippines) to 96.7% (South Africa) had at least one prenatal care visit, with most having at least four visits. Over 40% of Brazilians and Guatemalans had their first prenatal visit in the first trimester, but fewer Filipinos (13.9%) and South Africans (19.8%) did so. Prenatal care utilization was not significantly associated with birth weight (p>0.05 in pooled data). Each unit increase in the prenatal care utilization index was associated with 0.09 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.15) higher height-for-age z-score at 24 months and with 0.26 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.35) higher schooling grades attained. Although there was some heterogeneity and greater imprecision across sites, the results were qualitatively similar among the four different populations.
While not related to birth weight, prenatal care utilization was associated with important outcomes later in life, specifically higher height-for-age at 24 months and higher attained school grades. These results suggest the relevance of prenatal care visits for human capital outcomes important over the lifecycle.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Birth weight</subject><subject>Breastfeeding & lactation</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child Development</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Councils</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Developing Countries - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Education - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic counseling</subject><subject>Human capital</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Income</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Life cycle analysis</subject><subject>Low income groups</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical screening</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Obstetrics</subject><subject>Patient Acceptance of Health Care</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Postpartum period</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Premature birth</subject><subject>Prenatal care</subject><subject>Prenatal Care - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Quality</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Utilization</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk01v1DAQhiMEoqXwDxBEQkJwyOLPJL4gVRUfK1UqAsrVchw7ceXYWzuh8O_x7qbVBvVQ-RBr_LyvZ8aZLHsJwQriCn648lNwwq423qkVgBVEjD3KjiHDqCgRwI8P9kfZsxivAKC4Lsun2RGqIa0RYsfZ5begnBiFzaUIKheuzWVvbJt3wd-M_S4QZe-9Na7Ljct1uja3_qbYHQ2qNdNQGCf9oHLpJzcGo-Lz7IkWNqoX8_cku_z86efZ1-L84sv67PS8kBWiY4E1ZARqLDCFrAE1llCWVSuR0FipCoFGM8JgS5tSYCkEbregRBTIVlJZ4ZPs9d53Y33kc0cih3WZZIxgkoj1nmi9uOKbYAYR_nIvDN8FfOi4CKORVnGMFQEUAKCIJGWlm1a3uEG1rhvCaqaS18f5tqlJhUuVihV2Ybo8cabnnf_NKWKQYJAM3s0GwV9PKo58MFEqa4VTftrlXWMIIMYPQSmlqEQ0oW_-Q-9vxEx1ItVqnPYpRbk15aekYowRQLYZru6h0mrVYGT607RJ8YXg_UKQmFH9GTsxxcjXP74_nL34tWTfHrC9Enbso7fTaLyLS5DsQRl8jEHpu_eAgG8H5bYbfDsofB6UJHt1-JZ3otvJwP8AH08Mqg</recordid><startdate>20170203</startdate><enddate>20170203</enddate><creator>Liu, Xiaoying</creator><creator>Behrman, Jere R</creator><creator>Stein, Aryeh D</creator><creator>Adair, Linda S</creator><creator>Bhargava, Santosh K</creator><creator>Borja, Judith B</creator><creator>da Silveira, Mariangela Freitas</creator><creator>Horta, Bernardo L</creator><creator>Martorell, Reynaldo</creator><creator>Norris, Shane A</creator><creator>Richter, Linda M</creator><creator>Sachdev, Harshpal S</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-1291</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170203</creationdate><title>Prenatal care and child growth and schooling in four low- and medium-income countries</title><author>Liu, Xiaoying ; Behrman, Jere R ; Stein, Aryeh D ; Adair, Linda S ; Bhargava, Santosh K ; Borja, Judith B ; da Silveira, Mariangela Freitas ; Horta, Bernardo L ; Martorell, Reynaldo ; Norris, Shane A ; Richter, Linda M ; Sachdev, Harshpal S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-3f1941f3a3519b083c1c67dc2af3ee720bf9491d5b6a3caa3d3519c250cdc5c73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Birth weight</topic><topic>Breastfeeding & lactation</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child Development</topic><topic>Cognition & reasoning</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Councils</topic><topic>Demographic aspects</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Developing Countries - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Education - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetic counseling</topic><topic>Human capital</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Income</topic><topic>LDCs</topic><topic>Life cycle analysis</topic><topic>Low income groups</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medical screening</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Obstetrics</topic><topic>Patient Acceptance of Health Care</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Postpartum period</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Premature birth</topic><topic>Prenatal care</topic><topic>Prenatal Care - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Quality</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>Utilization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xiaoying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Behrman, Jere R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stein, Aryeh D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adair, Linda S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhargava, Santosh K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borja, Judith B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silveira, Mariangela Freitas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horta, Bernardo L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martorell, Reynaldo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norris, Shane A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richter, Linda M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sachdev, Harshpal S</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Journals</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Xiaoying</au><au>Behrman, Jere R</au><au>Stein, Aryeh D</au><au>Adair, Linda S</au><au>Bhargava, Santosh K</au><au>Borja, Judith B</au><au>da Silveira, Mariangela Freitas</au><au>Horta, Bernardo L</au><au>Martorell, Reynaldo</au><au>Norris, Shane A</au><au>Richter, Linda M</au><au>Sachdev, Harshpal S</au><au>Simeoni, Umberto</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prenatal care and child growth and schooling in four low- and medium-income countries</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-02-03</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e0171299</spage><pages>e0171299-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The effectiveness of prenatal care for improving birth and subsequent child outcomes in low-income countries remains controversial, with much of the evidence to date coming from high-income countries and focused on early-life outcomes. We examined associations between prenatal care visits and birth weight, height-for-age at 24 months and attained schooling in four low- and middle-income countries.
We pooled data from prospective birth-cohort studies from Brazil, Guatemala, Philippines and South Africa. We created a prenatal care utilization index based on the number and timing of prenatal visits. Associations were examined between this index and birth weight, height-for-age at 24 months, and highest attained schooling grade until adulthood.
Among 7203 individuals in the analysis, 68.9% (Philippines) to 96.7% (South Africa) had at least one prenatal care visit, with most having at least four visits. Over 40% of Brazilians and Guatemalans had their first prenatal visit in the first trimester, but fewer Filipinos (13.9%) and South Africans (19.8%) did so. Prenatal care utilization was not significantly associated with birth weight (p>0.05 in pooled data). Each unit increase in the prenatal care utilization index was associated with 0.09 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.15) higher height-for-age z-score at 24 months and with 0.26 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.35) higher schooling grades attained. Although there was some heterogeneity and greater imprecision across sites, the results were qualitatively similar among the four different populations.
While not related to birth weight, prenatal care utilization was associated with important outcomes later in life, specifically higher height-for-age at 24 months and higher attained school grades. These results suggest the relevance of prenatal care visits for human capital outcomes important over the lifecycle.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28158229</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0171299</doi><tpages>e0171299</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-1291</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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language | eng |
recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1864919434 |
source | MEDLINE; Public Library of Science; PubMed Central; Directory of Open Access Journals; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
subjects | Age Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Birth weight Breastfeeding & lactation Child Child Development Cognition & reasoning Cohort analysis Councils Demographic aspects Developing countries Developing Countries - statistics & numerical data Education - statistics & numerical data Epidemiology Female Genetic counseling Human capital Humans Income LDCs Life cycle analysis Low income groups Male Medical research Medical screening Medicine and Health Sciences Mortality Nutrition Obstetrics Patient Acceptance of Health Care Pediatrics Physical Sciences Population Postpartum period Pregnancy Premature birth Prenatal care Prenatal Care - statistics & numerical data Public health Quality Research and Analysis Methods Schools Social Sciences Studies Systematic review Utilization |
title | Prenatal care and child growth and schooling in four low- and medium-income countries |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-06T16%3A00%3A46IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prenatal%20care%20and%20child%20growth%20and%20schooling%20in%20four%20low-%20and%20medium-income%20countries&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Liu,%20Xiaoying&rft.date=2017-02-03&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e0171299&rft.pages=e0171299-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0171299&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA479994040%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1864919434&rft_id=info:pmid/28158229&rft_galeid=A479994040&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_33e405000e4c467fbdfd3b28f8b4989e&rfr_iscdi=true |