Physical and Flavor Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile, Antioxidant Status and Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression Changes in Young Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Fillets Fed Dietary Valine
This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary valine on the physical and flavor characteristics, fatty acid (FA) profile, antioxidant status and Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzyme gene expression in the muscle of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed increasing levels of valine...
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| creator | Luo, Jian-Bo Feng, Lin Jiang, Wei-Dan Liu, Yang Wu, Pei Jiang, Jun Kuang, Sheng-Yao Tang, Ling Tang, Wu-Neng Zhang, Yong-An Zhou, Xiao-Qiu |
| description | This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary valine on the physical and flavor characteristics, fatty acid (FA) profile, antioxidant status and Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzyme gene expression in the muscle of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed increasing levels of valine (4.3, 8.0, 10.6, 13.1, 16.9 and 19.1 g/kg) for 8 weeks. Compared with the control group, the group fed valine showed improved physical characteristics of fish fillets (increased relative shear force, hydroxyproline, protein and lipid levels and decreased cathepsin B and L activities, as well as cooking loss, were observed). Moreover, valine improved the flavor of young grass carp fillets by increasing the amino acid (AA) concentration in fish muscle (increased aspartic acid, threonine, glutamine, cystine, methionine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine and valine concentrations were observed). Additionally, optimal valine supplementation increased the potential health benefits to humans by decreasing the saturated FA (C15:0 and C16:0) concentration and increasing the unsaturated FA (monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), such as C16:1, C18:1c+t and C20:1, and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), such as C18:3n-3, C20:2 and C22:6) concentration. In addition, the reduced glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT) and Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxydase (Se-GPx) increased under valine supplementation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the SOD1, CAT and Se-GPx mRNA levels increased with dietary valine levels, possibly due to the up-regulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), target of rapamycin (TOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and the down-regulation of Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, valine improved the physical and flavor characteristics, FA profile, and antioxidant status and regulated the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes Nrf2, Keap1, TOR and S6K1 in fish fillets. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0169270 |
| format | Article |
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Compared with the control group, the group fed valine showed improved physical characteristics of fish fillets (increased relative shear force, hydroxyproline, protein and lipid levels and decreased cathepsin B and L activities, as well as cooking loss, were observed). Moreover, valine improved the flavor of young grass carp fillets by increasing the amino acid (AA) concentration in fish muscle (increased aspartic acid, threonine, glutamine, cystine, methionine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine and valine concentrations were observed). Additionally, optimal valine supplementation increased the potential health benefits to humans by decreasing the saturated FA (C15:0 and C16:0) concentration and increasing the unsaturated FA (monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), such as C16:1, C18:1c+t and C20:1, and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), such as C18:3n-3, C20:2 and C22:6) concentration. In addition, the reduced glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT) and Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxydase (Se-GPx) increased under valine supplementation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the SOD1, CAT and Se-GPx mRNA levels increased with dietary valine levels, possibly due to the up-regulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), target of rapamycin (TOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and the down-regulation of Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, valine improved the physical and flavor characteristics, FA profile, and antioxidant status and regulated the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes Nrf2, Keap1, TOR and S6K1 in fish fillets.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169270</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28118364</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Amino acids ; Amino Acids - analysis ; Analysis ; Animal diseases ; Animal Feed ; Animal sciences ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Antioxidants - analysis ; Aquaculture ; Arginine ; Aspartic acid ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Carp ; Carps - metabolism ; Catalase ; Catalase - biosynthesis ; Catalase - genetics ; Cathepsin B ; Cooking ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Cyprinus carpio ; Cystine ; Diet ; Dietary Fats - analysis ; Dietary Proteins - analysis ; Dietary supplements ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Education ; Enzymes ; Fatty acids ; Fatty Acids - analysis ; Fillets ; Fish ; Fisheries ; Flavor compounds ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects ; Genetic aspects ; Glutamine ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Peroxidase - biosynthesis ; Glutathione Peroxidase - genetics ; Grass carp ; Health aspects ; Histidine ; Hydroxyproline ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 - biosynthesis ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 - genetics ; Laboratories ; Leucine ; Lysine ; Meat - analysis ; Meat quality ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Methionine ; Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry ; Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal - enzymology ; Muscles ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - biosynthesis ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - genetics ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - physiology ; NRF2 protein ; Nutrition ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Phenylalanine ; Physical characteristics ; Physical properties ; Physical Sciences ; Physiological aspects ; Polyunsaturated fatty acids ; Proteins ; Rapamycin ; Ribosomal protein S6 ; Ribosomal protein S6 kinase ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa - biosynthesis ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa - genetics ; RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis ; Selenium ; Shear Strength ; Superoxide dismutase ; Superoxide Dismutase - biosynthesis ; Superoxide Dismutase - genetics ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - biosynthesis ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics ; Tyrosine ; Valine ; Valine - administration & dosage ; Zinc ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-01, Vol.12 (1), p.e0169270</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2017 Luo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 Luo et al 2017 Luo et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c626t-246b96cdf1b84e1acd7baef43840ac8b3c71ca6eceecdd5254b51c7dde3bbe363</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c626t-246b96cdf1b84e1acd7baef43840ac8b3c71ca6eceecdd5254b51c7dde3bbe363</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5261571/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5261571/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79569,79570</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28118364$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Luo, Jian-Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Wei-Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Pei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuang, Sheng-Yao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Wu-Neng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yong-An</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Xiao-Qiu</creatorcontrib><title>Physical and Flavor Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile, Antioxidant Status and Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression Changes in Young Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Fillets Fed Dietary Valine</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary valine on the physical and flavor characteristics, fatty acid (FA) profile, antioxidant status and Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzyme gene expression in the muscle of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed increasing levels of valine (4.3, 8.0, 10.6, 13.1, 16.9 and 19.1 g/kg) for 8 weeks. Compared with the control group, the group fed valine showed improved physical characteristics of fish fillets (increased relative shear force, hydroxyproline, protein and lipid levels and decreased cathepsin B and L activities, as well as cooking loss, were observed). Moreover, valine improved the flavor of young grass carp fillets by increasing the amino acid (AA) concentration in fish muscle (increased aspartic acid, threonine, glutamine, cystine, methionine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine and valine concentrations were observed). Additionally, optimal valine supplementation increased the potential health benefits to humans by decreasing the saturated FA (C15:0 and C16:0) concentration and increasing the unsaturated FA (monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), such as C16:1, C18:1c+t and C20:1, and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), such as C18:3n-3, C20:2 and C22:6) concentration. In addition, the reduced glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT) and Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxydase (Se-GPx) increased under valine supplementation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the SOD1, CAT and Se-GPx mRNA levels increased with dietary valine levels, possibly due to the up-regulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), target of rapamycin (TOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and the down-regulation of Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, valine improved the physical and flavor characteristics, FA profile, and antioxidant status and regulated the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes Nrf2, Keap1, TOR and S6K1 in fish fillets.</description><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Amino Acids - analysis</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animal diseases</subject><subject>Animal Feed</subject><subject>Animal sciences</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Antioxidants - analysis</subject><subject>Aquaculture</subject><subject>Arginine</subject><subject>Aspartic acid</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Carp</subject><subject>Carps - metabolism</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Catalase - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Catalase - genetics</subject><subject>Cathepsin B</subject><subject>Cooking</subject><subject>Ctenopharyngodon idella</subject><subject>Cyprinus carpio</subject><subject>Cystine</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - analysis</subject><subject>Dietary Proteins - analysis</subject><subject>Dietary supplements</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty Acids - analysis</subject><subject>Fillets</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Fisheries</subject><subject>Flavor compounds</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Glutamine</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glutathione Peroxidase - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Glutathione Peroxidase - genetics</subject><subject>Grass carp</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Histidine</subject><subject>Hydroxyproline</subject><subject>Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 - genetics</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Leucine</subject><subject>Lysine</subject><subject>Meat - analysis</subject><subject>Meat quality</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Methionine</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - enzymology</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - biosynthesis</subject><subject>NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - genetics</subject><subject>NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - physiology</subject><subject>NRF2 protein</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Oncorhynchus mykiss</subject><subject>Phenylalanine</subject><subject>Physical characteristics</subject><subject>Physical properties</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Rapamycin</subject><subject>Ribosomal protein S6</subject><subject>Ribosomal protein S6 kinase</subject><subject>Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa - genetics</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Selenium</subject><subject>Shear Strength</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Superoxide Dismutase - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Superoxide Dismutase - genetics</subject><subject>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - biosynthesis</subject><subject>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics</subject><subject>Tyrosine</subject><subject>Valine</subject><subject>Valine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><subject>Zoology</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk99qFDEUxgdRbK2-gWjAmwrdNclkMjM3wrLt1kLRgn_Aq5BJzmxTssmYZEvXx_SJzLTb0kovZC4yTH7nyzdfzimK1wRPSVmTDxd-HZy008E7mGLCW1rjJ8UuaUs64RSXT--97xQvYrzAuCobzp8XO7QhpCk52y3-nJ1volHSIuk0Wlh56QOan8sgVYJgYjIqHqCFTGmDZspodBZ8bywcoJlLxl8ZLV1CX5NM63gt8Tn0dHIIAzgNeec-deR-b1aAjsEBOroaAsRovBtPc0uIyDj006_dEh0HGSOayzCg_XkC54fsZ-OWXmfaaLBWvkcLYy2kiBag0aGBlAn0Q1rj4GXxrJc2wqvtuld8Xxx9m3-anH45PpnPTieKU54mlPGu5Ur3pGsYEKl03UnoWdkwLFXTlaomSnJQAErrilasq4iqtYay66Dk5V7x9kZ3sD6K7XVEQRpOWFVh2mbi5IbQXl6IIZhVdim8NOL6gw9LIUNO2IIgrFOy6dta4papnnZ9zwAIprIG0FBlrY_b09bdCrTK4QZpH4g-3HHmXCz9pagoJ1VNssD-ViD4X2uISaxMVGOYDvz62ndT5s5qmv9BSVPRlowhvPsHfTyILbWU-V-N6322qEZRMWN1U7MatzhT00eo_GhYGZXbfGy8hwXspkAFH2OA_i4OgsU4JLdmxDgkYjskuezN_Sjvim6novwLnJsUIA</recordid><startdate>20170101</startdate><enddate>20170101</enddate><creator>Luo, Jian-Bo</creator><creator>Feng, Lin</creator><creator>Jiang, Wei-Dan</creator><creator>Liu, Yang</creator><creator>Wu, Pei</creator><creator>Jiang, Jun</creator><creator>Kuang, Sheng-Yao</creator><creator>Tang, Ling</creator><creator>Tang, Wu-Neng</creator><creator>Zhang, Yong-An</creator><creator>Zhou, Xiao-Qiu</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170101</creationdate><title>Physical and Flavor Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile, Antioxidant Status and Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression Changes in Young Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Fillets Fed Dietary Valine</title><author>Luo, Jian-Bo ; Feng, Lin ; Jiang, Wei-Dan ; Liu, Yang ; Wu, Pei ; Jiang, Jun ; Kuang, Sheng-Yao ; Tang, Ling ; Tang, Wu-Neng ; Zhang, Yong-An ; Zhou, Xiao-Qiu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c626t-246b96cdf1b84e1acd7baef43840ac8b3c71ca6eceecdd5254b51c7dde3bbe363</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Amino Acids - analysis</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animal diseases</topic><topic>Animal Feed</topic><topic>Animal sciences</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Antioxidants - analysis</topic><topic>Aquaculture</topic><topic>Arginine</topic><topic>Aspartic acid</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Carp</topic><topic>Carps - metabolism</topic><topic>Catalase</topic><topic>Catalase - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Catalase - genetics</topic><topic>Cathepsin B</topic><topic>Cooking</topic><topic>Ctenopharyngodon idella</topic><topic>Cyprinus carpio</topic><topic>Cystine</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Dietary Fats - analysis</topic><topic>Dietary Proteins - analysis</topic><topic>Dietary supplements</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fatty Acids - analysis</topic><topic>Fillets</topic><topic>Fish</topic><topic>Fisheries</topic><topic>Flavor compounds</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Glutamine</topic><topic>Glutathione</topic><topic>Glutathione Peroxidase - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Glutathione Peroxidase - genetics</topic><topic>Grass carp</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Histidine</topic><topic>Hydroxyproline</topic><topic>Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 - genetics</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Leucine</topic><topic>Lysine</topic><topic>Meat - analysis</topic><topic>Meat quality</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Methionine</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - enzymology</topic><topic>Muscles</topic><topic>NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - biosynthesis</topic><topic>NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - genetics</topic><topic>NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - physiology</topic><topic>NRF2 protein</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Oncorhynchus mykiss</topic><topic>Phenylalanine</topic><topic>Physical characteristics</topic><topic>Physical properties</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Rapamycin</topic><topic>Ribosomal protein S6</topic><topic>Ribosomal protein S6 kinase</topic><topic>Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa - genetics</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Selenium</topic><topic>Shear Strength</topic><topic>Superoxide dismutase</topic><topic>Superoxide Dismutase - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Superoxide Dismutase - genetics</topic><topic>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - biosynthesis</topic><topic>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics</topic><topic>Tyrosine</topic><topic>Valine</topic><topic>Valine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><topic>Zoology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Luo, Jian-Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Wei-Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Pei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuang, Sheng-Yao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Wu-Neng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yong-An</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Xiao-Qiu</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Luo, Jian-Bo</au><au>Feng, Lin</au><au>Jiang, Wei-Dan</au><au>Liu, Yang</au><au>Wu, Pei</au><au>Jiang, Jun</au><au>Kuang, Sheng-Yao</au><au>Tang, Ling</au><au>Tang, Wu-Neng</au><au>Zhang, Yong-An</au><au>Zhou, Xiao-Qiu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Physical and Flavor Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile, Antioxidant Status and Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression Changes in Young Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Fillets Fed Dietary Valine</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-01-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0169270</spage><pages>e0169270-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary valine on the physical and flavor characteristics, fatty acid (FA) profile, antioxidant status and Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzyme gene expression in the muscle of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed increasing levels of valine (4.3, 8.0, 10.6, 13.1, 16.9 and 19.1 g/kg) for 8 weeks. Compared with the control group, the group fed valine showed improved physical characteristics of fish fillets (increased relative shear force, hydroxyproline, protein and lipid levels and decreased cathepsin B and L activities, as well as cooking loss, were observed). Moreover, valine improved the flavor of young grass carp fillets by increasing the amino acid (AA) concentration in fish muscle (increased aspartic acid, threonine, glutamine, cystine, methionine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine and valine concentrations were observed). Additionally, optimal valine supplementation increased the potential health benefits to humans by decreasing the saturated FA (C15:0 and C16:0) concentration and increasing the unsaturated FA (monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), such as C16:1, C18:1c+t and C20:1, and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), such as C18:3n-3, C20:2 and C22:6) concentration. In addition, the reduced glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT) and Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxydase (Se-GPx) increased under valine supplementation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the SOD1, CAT and Se-GPx mRNA levels increased with dietary valine levels, possibly due to the up-regulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), target of rapamycin (TOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and the down-regulation of Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, valine improved the physical and flavor characteristics, FA profile, and antioxidant status and regulated the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes Nrf2, Keap1, TOR and S6K1 in fish fillets.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28118364</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0169270</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2017-01, Vol.12 (1), p.e0169270 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1861455029 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Amino acids Amino Acids - analysis Analysis Animal diseases Animal Feed Animal sciences Animals Antioxidants Antioxidants - analysis Aquaculture Arginine Aspartic acid Biology and Life Sciences Carp Carps - metabolism Catalase Catalase - biosynthesis Catalase - genetics Cathepsin B Cooking Ctenopharyngodon idella Cyprinus carpio Cystine Diet Dietary Fats - analysis Dietary Proteins - analysis Dietary supplements Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Education Enzymes Fatty acids Fatty Acids - analysis Fillets Fish Fisheries Flavor compounds Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects Genetic aspects Glutamine Glutathione Glutathione Peroxidase - biosynthesis Glutathione Peroxidase - genetics Grass carp Health aspects Histidine Hydroxyproline Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 - biosynthesis Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 - genetics Laboratories Leucine Lysine Meat - analysis Meat quality Medicine and Health Sciences Methionine Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects Muscle, Skeletal - enzymology Muscles NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - biosynthesis NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - genetics NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - physiology NRF2 protein Nutrition Oncorhynchus mykiss Phenylalanine Physical characteristics Physical properties Physical Sciences Physiological aspects Polyunsaturated fatty acids Proteins Rapamycin Ribosomal protein S6 Ribosomal protein S6 kinase Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa - biosynthesis Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa - genetics RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis Selenium Shear Strength Superoxide dismutase Superoxide Dismutase - biosynthesis Superoxide Dismutase - genetics TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - biosynthesis TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics Tyrosine Valine Valine - administration & dosage Zinc Zoology |
| title | Physical and Flavor Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile, Antioxidant Status and Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression Changes in Young Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Fillets Fed Dietary Valine |
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