Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Sea Urchins: Molecular and Functional Characterisation of Three Fatty Acyl Desaturases from Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark 1816)

Sea urchins are broadly recognised as a delicacy and their quality as food for humans is highly influenced by their diet. Lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2017-01, Vol.12 (1), p.e0169374-e0169374
Hauptverfasser: Kabeya, Naoki, Sanz-Jorquera, Alicia, Carboni, Stefano, Davie, Andrew, Oboh, Angela, Monroig, Oscar
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Sanz-Jorquera, Alicia
Carboni, Stefano
Davie, Andrew
Oboh, Angela
Monroig, Oscar
description Sea urchins are broadly recognised as a delicacy and their quality as food for humans is highly influenced by their diet. Lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but also guarantee normal growth and reproduction in captivity. The contribution of endogenous production (biosynthesis) of LC-PUFA in sea urchins remained unknown. Using Paracentrotus lividus as our model species, we aimed to characterise both molecularly and functionally the repertoire of fatty acyl desaturases (Fads), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA, in sea urchins. Three Fads, namely FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2, were characterised. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the repertoire of Fads within the Echinodermata phylum varies among classes. On one hand, orthologues of the P. lividus FadsA were found in other echinoderm classes including starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, thus suggesting that this desaturase is virtually present in all echinoderms. Contrarily, the FadsC appears to be sea urchin-specific desaturase. Finally, a further desaturase termed as FadsB exists in starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, but appears to be missing in sea urchins. The functional characterisation of the P. lividus Fads confirmed that the FadsA was a Δ5 desaturase with activity towards saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). Moreover, our experiments confirmed that FadsA plays a role in the biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted FA, a group of compounds typically found in marine invertebrates. On the other hand, both FadsC desaturases from P. lividus showed Δ8 activity. The present results demonstrate that P. lividus possesses desaturases that account for all the desaturation reactions required to biosynthesis the physiological essential eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids through the so-called "Δ8 pathway".
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Lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but also guarantee normal growth and reproduction in captivity. The contribution of endogenous production (biosynthesis) of LC-PUFA in sea urchins remained unknown. Using Paracentrotus lividus as our model species, we aimed to characterise both molecularly and functionally the repertoire of fatty acyl desaturases (Fads), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA, in sea urchins. Three Fads, namely FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2, were characterised. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the repertoire of Fads within the Echinodermata phylum varies among classes. On one hand, orthologues of the P. lividus FadsA were found in other echinoderm classes including starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, thus suggesting that this desaturase is virtually present in all echinoderms. 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Academic</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences &amp; Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kabeya, Naoki</au><au>Sanz-Jorquera, Alicia</au><au>Carboni, Stefano</au><au>Davie, Andrew</au><au>Oboh, Angela</au><au>Monroig, Oscar</au><au>Shu-Chien, Alexander Chong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Sea Urchins: Molecular and Functional Characterisation of Three Fatty Acyl Desaturases from Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark 1816)</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-01-04</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0169374</spage><epage>e0169374</epage><pages>e0169374-e0169374</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Sea urchins are broadly recognised as a delicacy and their quality as food for humans is highly influenced by their diet. Lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but also guarantee normal growth and reproduction in captivity. The contribution of endogenous production (biosynthesis) of LC-PUFA in sea urchins remained unknown. Using Paracentrotus lividus as our model species, we aimed to characterise both molecularly and functionally the repertoire of fatty acyl desaturases (Fads), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA, in sea urchins. Three Fads, namely FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2, were characterised. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the repertoire of Fads within the Echinodermata phylum varies among classes. On one hand, orthologues of the P. lividus FadsA were found in other echinoderm classes including starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, thus suggesting that this desaturase is virtually present in all echinoderms. Contrarily, the FadsC appears to be sea urchin-specific desaturase. Finally, a further desaturase termed as FadsB exists in starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, but appears to be missing in sea urchins. The functional characterisation of the P. lividus Fads confirmed that the FadsA was a Δ5 desaturase with activity towards saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). Moreover, our experiments confirmed that FadsA plays a role in the biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted FA, a group of compounds typically found in marine invertebrates. On the other hand, both FadsC desaturases from P. lividus showed Δ8 activity. The present results demonstrate that P. lividus possesses desaturases that account for all the desaturation reactions required to biosynthesis the physiological essential eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids through the so-called "Δ8 pathway".</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28052125</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0169374</doi><tpages>e0169374</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-0440</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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1932-6203
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subjects Amino Acid Sequence
Analysis
Animals
Aquaculture
Asteroidea
Biology and Life Sciences
Biosynthesis
Biosynthetic Pathways
Bivalvia
Captivity
Cloning, Molecular
Desaturase
Desaturation
Echinodermata
Echinoidea
Environmental aspects
Enzymes
Essential nutrients
Fatty Acid Desaturases - chemistry
Fatty Acid Desaturases - metabolism
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - biosynthesis
Fish
Food
Food quality
Holothurioidea
Invertebrates
Lipids
Lytechinus variegatus
Marine
Marine invertebrates
Metabolism
Mollusca
Nutrients
Octopus vulgaris
Open Reading Frames - genetics
Paracentrotus - enzymology
Paracentrotus lividus
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Research and Analysis Methods
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - enzymology
Sea urchins
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
Substrate Specificity
Transformation, Genetic
Unsaturated fatty acids
Vertebrates
Vertebrates - metabolism
title Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Sea Urchins: Molecular and Functional Characterisation of Three Fatty Acyl Desaturases from Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark 1816)
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