Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Sea Urchins: Molecular and Functional Characterisation of Three Fatty Acyl Desaturases from Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark 1816)
Sea urchins are broadly recognised as a delicacy and their quality as food for humans is highly influenced by their diet. Lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but...
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| creator | Kabeya, Naoki Sanz-Jorquera, Alicia Carboni, Stefano Davie, Andrew Oboh, Angela Monroig, Oscar |
| description | Sea urchins are broadly recognised as a delicacy and their quality as food for humans is highly influenced by their diet. Lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but also guarantee normal growth and reproduction in captivity. The contribution of endogenous production (biosynthesis) of LC-PUFA in sea urchins remained unknown. Using Paracentrotus lividus as our model species, we aimed to characterise both molecularly and functionally the repertoire of fatty acyl desaturases (Fads), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA, in sea urchins. Three Fads, namely FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2, were characterised. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the repertoire of Fads within the Echinodermata phylum varies among classes. On one hand, orthologues of the P. lividus FadsA were found in other echinoderm classes including starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, thus suggesting that this desaturase is virtually present in all echinoderms. Contrarily, the FadsC appears to be sea urchin-specific desaturase. Finally, a further desaturase termed as FadsB exists in starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, but appears to be missing in sea urchins. The functional characterisation of the P. lividus Fads confirmed that the FadsA was a Δ5 desaturase with activity towards saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). Moreover, our experiments confirmed that FadsA plays a role in the biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted FA, a group of compounds typically found in marine invertebrates. On the other hand, both FadsC desaturases from P. lividus showed Δ8 activity. The present results demonstrate that P. lividus possesses desaturases that account for all the desaturation reactions required to biosynthesis the physiological essential eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids through the so-called "Δ8 pathway". |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0169374 |
| format | Article |
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Lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but also guarantee normal growth and reproduction in captivity. The contribution of endogenous production (biosynthesis) of LC-PUFA in sea urchins remained unknown. Using Paracentrotus lividus as our model species, we aimed to characterise both molecularly and functionally the repertoire of fatty acyl desaturases (Fads), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA, in sea urchins. Three Fads, namely FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2, were characterised. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the repertoire of Fads within the Echinodermata phylum varies among classes. On one hand, orthologues of the P. lividus FadsA were found in other echinoderm classes including starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, thus suggesting that this desaturase is virtually present in all echinoderms. Contrarily, the FadsC appears to be sea urchin-specific desaturase. Finally, a further desaturase termed as FadsB exists in starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, but appears to be missing in sea urchins. The functional characterisation of the P. lividus Fads confirmed that the FadsA was a Δ5 desaturase with activity towards saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). Moreover, our experiments confirmed that FadsA plays a role in the biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted FA, a group of compounds typically found in marine invertebrates. On the other hand, both FadsC desaturases from P. lividus showed Δ8 activity. The present results demonstrate that P. lividus possesses desaturases that account for all the desaturation reactions required to biosynthesis the physiological essential eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids through the so-called "Δ8 pathway".</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169374</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28052125</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Amino Acid Sequence ; Analysis ; Animals ; Aquaculture ; Asteroidea ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biosynthesis ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Bivalvia ; Captivity ; Cloning, Molecular ; Desaturase ; Desaturation ; Echinodermata ; Echinoidea ; Environmental aspects ; Enzymes ; Essential nutrients ; Fatty Acid Desaturases - chemistry ; Fatty Acid Desaturases - metabolism ; Fatty acids ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - biosynthesis ; Fish ; Food ; Food quality ; Holothurioidea ; Invertebrates ; Lipids ; Lytechinus variegatus ; Marine ; Marine invertebrates ; Metabolism ; Mollusca ; Nutrients ; Octopus vulgaris ; Open Reading Frames - genetics ; Paracentrotus - enzymology ; Paracentrotus lividus ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Polyunsaturated fatty acids ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - enzymology ; Sea urchins ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis ; Substrate Specificity ; Transformation, Genetic ; Unsaturated fatty acids ; Vertebrates ; Vertebrates - metabolism</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-01, Vol.12 (1), p.e0169374-e0169374</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2017 Kabeya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but also guarantee normal growth and reproduction in captivity. The contribution of endogenous production (biosynthesis) of LC-PUFA in sea urchins remained unknown. Using Paracentrotus lividus as our model species, we aimed to characterise both molecularly and functionally the repertoire of fatty acyl desaturases (Fads), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA, in sea urchins. Three Fads, namely FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2, were characterised. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the repertoire of Fads within the Echinodermata phylum varies among classes. On one hand, orthologues of the P. lividus FadsA were found in other echinoderm classes including starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, thus suggesting that this desaturase is virtually present in all echinoderms. Contrarily, the FadsC appears to be sea urchin-specific desaturase. Finally, a further desaturase termed as FadsB exists in starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, but appears to be missing in sea urchins. The functional characterisation of the P. lividus Fads confirmed that the FadsA was a Δ5 desaturase with activity towards saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). Moreover, our experiments confirmed that FadsA plays a role in the biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted FA, a group of compounds typically found in marine invertebrates. On the other hand, both FadsC desaturases from P. lividus showed Δ8 activity. The present results demonstrate that P. lividus possesses desaturases that account for all the desaturation reactions required to biosynthesis the physiological essential eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids through the so-called "Δ8 pathway".</description><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquaculture</subject><subject>Asteroidea</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Biosynthetic Pathways</subject><subject>Bivalvia</subject><subject>Captivity</subject><subject>Cloning, Molecular</subject><subject>Desaturase</subject><subject>Desaturation</subject><subject>Echinodermata</subject><subject>Echinoidea</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Essential nutrients</subject><subject>Fatty Acid Desaturases - chemistry</subject><subject>Fatty Acid Desaturases - metabolism</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - 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Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kabeya, Naoki</au><au>Sanz-Jorquera, Alicia</au><au>Carboni, Stefano</au><au>Davie, Andrew</au><au>Oboh, Angela</au><au>Monroig, Oscar</au><au>Shu-Chien, Alexander Chong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Sea Urchins: Molecular and Functional Characterisation of Three Fatty Acyl Desaturases from Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark 1816)</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-01-04</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0169374</spage><epage>e0169374</epage><pages>e0169374-e0169374</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Sea urchins are broadly recognised as a delicacy and their quality as food for humans is highly influenced by their diet. Lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but also guarantee normal growth and reproduction in captivity. The contribution of endogenous production (biosynthesis) of LC-PUFA in sea urchins remained unknown. Using Paracentrotus lividus as our model species, we aimed to characterise both molecularly and functionally the repertoire of fatty acyl desaturases (Fads), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA, in sea urchins. Three Fads, namely FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2, were characterised. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the repertoire of Fads within the Echinodermata phylum varies among classes. On one hand, orthologues of the P. lividus FadsA were found in other echinoderm classes including starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, thus suggesting that this desaturase is virtually present in all echinoderms. Contrarily, the FadsC appears to be sea urchin-specific desaturase. Finally, a further desaturase termed as FadsB exists in starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, but appears to be missing in sea urchins. The functional characterisation of the P. lividus Fads confirmed that the FadsA was a Δ5 desaturase with activity towards saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). Moreover, our experiments confirmed that FadsA plays a role in the biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted FA, a group of compounds typically found in marine invertebrates. On the other hand, both FadsC desaturases from P. lividus showed Δ8 activity. The present results demonstrate that P. lividus possesses desaturases that account for all the desaturation reactions required to biosynthesis the physiological essential eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids through the so-called "Δ8 pathway".</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28052125</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0169374</doi><tpages>e0169374</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-0440</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2017-01, Vol.12 (1), p.e0169374-e0169374 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1855313746 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Amino Acid Sequence Analysis Animals Aquaculture Asteroidea Biology and Life Sciences Biosynthesis Biosynthetic Pathways Bivalvia Captivity Cloning, Molecular Desaturase Desaturation Echinodermata Echinoidea Environmental aspects Enzymes Essential nutrients Fatty Acid Desaturases - chemistry Fatty Acid Desaturases - metabolism Fatty acids Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - biosynthesis Fish Food Food quality Holothurioidea Invertebrates Lipids Lytechinus variegatus Marine Marine invertebrates Metabolism Mollusca Nutrients Octopus vulgaris Open Reading Frames - genetics Paracentrotus - enzymology Paracentrotus lividus Phylogenetics Phylogeny Polyunsaturated fatty acids Research and Analysis Methods Saccharomyces cerevisiae - enzymology Sea urchins Sequence Analysis, DNA Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis Substrate Specificity Transformation, Genetic Unsaturated fatty acids Vertebrates Vertebrates - metabolism |
| title | Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Sea Urchins: Molecular and Functional Characterisation of Three Fatty Acyl Desaturases from Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark 1816) |
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