The Flux of Euglena gracilis Cells Depends on the Gradient of Light Intensity
We have quantified the photomovement behavior of a suspension of Euglena gracilis representing a behavioral response to a light gradient. Despite recent measurements of phototaxis and photophobicity, the details of macroscopic behavior of cell photomovements under conditions of light intensity gradi...
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| creator | Ogawa, Takuma Shoji, Erika Suematsu, Nobuhiko J Nishimori, Hiraku Izumi, Shunsuke Awazu, Akinori Iima, Makoto |
| description | We have quantified the photomovement behavior of a suspension of Euglena gracilis representing a behavioral response to a light gradient. Despite recent measurements of phototaxis and photophobicity, the details of macroscopic behavior of cell photomovements under conditions of light intensity gradients, which are critical to understand recent experiments on spatially localized bioconvection patterns, have not been fully understood. In this paper, the flux of cell number density under a light intensity gradient was measured by the following two experiments. In the first experiment, a capillary containing the cell suspension was illuminated with different light intensities in two regions. In the steady state, the differences of the cell numbers in the two regions normalized by the total number were proportional to the light difference, where the light intensity difference ranged from 0.5-2.0 μmol m-2 s-1. The proportional coefficient was positive (i.e., the bright region contained many microorganisms) when the mean light intensity was weak (1.25 μmol m-2 s-1), whereas it was negative when the mean intensity was strong (13.75 μmol m-2 s-1). In the second experiment, a shallow rectangular container of the suspension was illuminated with stepwise light intensities. The cell number density distribution exhibited a single peak at the position where the light intensity was about Ic ≃ 3.8 μmol m-2 s-1. These results suggest that the suspension of E. gracilis responded to the light gradient and that the favorable light intensity was Ic. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0168114 |
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Despite recent measurements of phototaxis and photophobicity, the details of macroscopic behavior of cell photomovements under conditions of light intensity gradients, which are critical to understand recent experiments on spatially localized bioconvection patterns, have not been fully understood. In this paper, the flux of cell number density under a light intensity gradient was measured by the following two experiments. In the first experiment, a capillary containing the cell suspension was illuminated with different light intensities in two regions. In the steady state, the differences of the cell numbers in the two regions normalized by the total number were proportional to the light difference, where the light intensity difference ranged from 0.5-2.0 μmol m-2 s-1. The proportional coefficient was positive (i.e., the bright region contained many microorganisms) when the mean light intensity was weak (1.25 μmol m-2 s-1), whereas it was negative when the mean intensity was strong (13.75 μmol m-2 s-1). In the second experiment, a shallow rectangular container of the suspension was illuminated with stepwise light intensities. The cell number density distribution exhibited a single peak at the position where the light intensity was about Ic ≃ 3.8 μmol m-2 s-1. These results suggest that the suspension of E. gracilis responded to the light gradient and that the favorable light intensity was Ic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168114</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28033336</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Biology and Life Sciences ; Cell Count ; Cell number ; Cells (Biology) ; Containers ; Density distribution ; E coli ; Engineering and Technology ; Escherichia coli ; Euglena ; Euglena gracilis ; Euglena gracilis - physiology ; Fluid mechanics ; Fluids ; Light ; Light intensity ; Luminance distribution ; Luminous intensity ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microorganisms ; Photic Stimulation ; Phototaxis ; Phototaxis - physiology ; Physical Phenomena ; Physical Sciences ; Physiological aspects ; Science ; Signal transduction ; Swimming ; Velocity</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-12, Vol.11 (12), p.e0168114-e0168114</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Ogawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Despite recent measurements of phototaxis and photophobicity, the details of macroscopic behavior of cell photomovements under conditions of light intensity gradients, which are critical to understand recent experiments on spatially localized bioconvection patterns, have not been fully understood. In this paper, the flux of cell number density under a light intensity gradient was measured by the following two experiments. In the first experiment, a capillary containing the cell suspension was illuminated with different light intensities in two regions. In the steady state, the differences of the cell numbers in the two regions normalized by the total number were proportional to the light difference, where the light intensity difference ranged from 0.5-2.0 μmol m-2 s-1. The proportional coefficient was positive (i.e., the bright region contained many microorganisms) when the mean light intensity was weak (1.25 μmol m-2 s-1), whereas it was negative when the mean intensity was strong (13.75 μmol m-2 s-1). In the second experiment, a shallow rectangular container of the suspension was illuminated with stepwise light intensities. The cell number density distribution exhibited a single peak at the position where the light intensity was about Ic ≃ 3.8 μmol m-2 s-1. These results suggest that the suspension of E. gracilis responded to the light gradient and that the favorable light intensity was Ic.</description><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cell Count</subject><subject>Cell number</subject><subject>Cells (Biology)</subject><subject>Containers</subject><subject>Density distribution</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Euglena</subject><subject>Euglena gracilis</subject><subject>Euglena gracilis - physiology</subject><subject>Fluid mechanics</subject><subject>Fluids</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Light intensity</subject><subject>Luminance distribution</subject><subject>Luminous intensity</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Photic Stimulation</subject><subject>Phototaxis</subject><subject>Phototaxis - physiology</subject><subject>Physical 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gracilis Cells Depends on the Gradient of Light Intensity</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-12-29</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0168114</spage><epage>e0168114</epage><pages>e0168114-e0168114</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>We have quantified the photomovement behavior of a suspension of Euglena gracilis representing a behavioral response to a light gradient. Despite recent measurements of phototaxis and photophobicity, the details of macroscopic behavior of cell photomovements under conditions of light intensity gradients, which are critical to understand recent experiments on spatially localized bioconvection patterns, have not been fully understood. In this paper, the flux of cell number density under a light intensity gradient was measured by the following two experiments. In the first experiment, a capillary containing the cell suspension was illuminated with different light intensities in two regions. In the steady state, the differences of the cell numbers in the two regions normalized by the total number were proportional to the light difference, where the light intensity difference ranged from 0.5-2.0 μmol m-2 s-1. The proportional coefficient was positive (i.e., the bright region contained many microorganisms) when the mean light intensity was weak (1.25 μmol m-2 s-1), whereas it was negative when the mean intensity was strong (13.75 μmol m-2 s-1). In the second experiment, a shallow rectangular container of the suspension was illuminated with stepwise light intensities. The cell number density distribution exhibited a single peak at the position where the light intensity was about Ic ≃ 3.8 μmol m-2 s-1. These results suggest that the suspension of E. gracilis responded to the light gradient and that the favorable light intensity was Ic.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28033336</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0168114</doi><tpages>e0168114</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Biology and Life Sciences Cell Count Cell number Cells (Biology) Containers Density distribution E coli Engineering and Technology Escherichia coli Euglena Euglena gracilis Euglena gracilis - physiology Fluid mechanics Fluids Light Light intensity Luminance distribution Luminous intensity Medicine and Health Sciences Microorganisms Photic Stimulation Phototaxis Phototaxis - physiology Physical Phenomena Physical Sciences Physiological aspects Science Signal transduction Swimming Velocity |
| title | The Flux of Euglena gracilis Cells Depends on the Gradient of Light Intensity |
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