Development of a New Growth Standard for Breastfed Chinese Infants: What Is the Difference from the WHO Growth Standards?
The objectives of this longitudinal study were to examine the trajectory of breastfed infants' growth in China to update growth standards for early childhood, and to compare these updated Chinese growth standards with the growth standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 20...
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| description | The objectives of this longitudinal study were to examine the trajectory of breastfed infants' growth in China to update growth standards for early childhood, and to compare these updated Chinese growth standards with the growth standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006.This longitudinal cohort study enrolled 1,840 healthy breastfed infants living in an "optimal" environment favorable to growth and followed up until one year of age from 2007 to 2010. The study subjects were recruited from 60 communities in twelve cities in China. A participating infant's birth weight was measured within the first hour of the infant's life, and birth length and head circumference within 24 hours after birth. Repeated weekly and monthly anthropometric measurements were also taken. Multilevel (ML) modelling via MLwiN2.25 was fitted to estimate the growth curves of weight-for-age (WFA), length-for-age (LFA), and head circumference-for-age (HFA) for the study sample as a whole and by child sex, controlling for mode of delivery, the gravidity and parity of the mother, infant's physical measurements at birth, infant's daily food intaking frequency per day, infant's medical conditions, the season when the infant's physical measurement was taken, parents' ages, heights, and attained education, and family structure and income per month. During the first four weeks after birth, breastfed infants showed an increase in weight, length, and head circumference of 1110g, 4.9 cm, and 3.2 cm, respectively, among boys, and 980 g, 4.4 cm, and 2.8 cm, respectively, among girls. Throughout infancy, the total growth for these three was 6930 g, 26.4 cm, and 12.5 cm, respectively, among boys, and 6480 g, 25.5 cm, and 11.7 cm, respectively, among girls. As expected, there was a significant sex difference in growth during the first year. In comparison with the WHO growth standards, breastfed children in our study were heavier in weight, longer in length, and bigger in head circumference, with the exception of a few age points during the first two to four months on the upper two percentile curves.Our data suggested the growth curves for breastfed infants in China were significantly different in comparison with those based on the WHO standards. The adoption of the WHO infant growth standards among Chinese infants, as well as the methods used in the development of such growth standards in China, need careful and coordinated consideration. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0167816 |
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The study subjects were recruited from 60 communities in twelve cities in China. A participating infant's birth weight was measured within the first hour of the infant's life, and birth length and head circumference within 24 hours after birth. Repeated weekly and monthly anthropometric measurements were also taken. Multilevel (ML) modelling via MLwiN2.25 was fitted to estimate the growth curves of weight-for-age (WFA), length-for-age (LFA), and head circumference-for-age (HFA) for the study sample as a whole and by child sex, controlling for mode of delivery, the gravidity and parity of the mother, infant's physical measurements at birth, infant's daily food intaking frequency per day, infant's medical conditions, the season when the infant's physical measurement was taken, parents' ages, heights, and attained education, and family structure and income per month. During the first four weeks after birth, breastfed infants showed an increase in weight, length, and head circumference of 1110g, 4.9 cm, and 3.2 cm, respectively, among boys, and 980 g, 4.4 cm, and 2.8 cm, respectively, among girls. Throughout infancy, the total growth for these three was 6930 g, 26.4 cm, and 12.5 cm, respectively, among boys, and 6480 g, 25.5 cm, and 11.7 cm, respectively, among girls. As expected, there was a significant sex difference in growth during the first year. In comparison with the WHO growth standards, breastfed children in our study were heavier in weight, longer in length, and bigger in head circumference, with the exception of a few age points during the first two to four months on the upper two percentile curves.Our data suggested the growth curves for breastfed infants in China were significantly different in comparison with those based on the WHO standards. The adoption of the WHO infant growth standards among Chinese infants, as well as the methods used in the development of such growth standards in China, need careful and coordinated consideration.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167816</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27977706</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Age ; Anthropometry ; Babies ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Birth weight ; Birth Weight - physiology ; Body measurements ; Breast Feeding ; Breastfeeding & lactation ; Child Development - physiology ; Childbirth & labor ; Children ; Children & youth ; Childrens health ; Circumferences ; Community participation ; Correlation analysis ; Demographic aspects ; Disease prevention ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Food and nutrition ; Girls ; Growth curves ; Head ; Health aspects ; Health care ; Human growth ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant development ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - standards ; Infant, Newborn ; Infants ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Maternal & child health ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parents ; People and Places ; Public health ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Sex ; Social Sciences ; Studies ; Womens health ; World Health Organization ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-12, Vol.11 (12), p.e0167816-e0167816</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Huang et al 2016 Huang et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-d232c708b64f6673edd06c5b2bfaf1c5355fc8b6e67059490678b1804e855e2c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-d232c708b64f6673edd06c5b2bfaf1c5355fc8b6e67059490678b1804e855e2c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9662-0313</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5158189/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5158189/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27977706$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>van Wouwe, Jacobus P.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Huang, Xiaona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Jenjen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Weiwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Yiqun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, He</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Huishan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Xiaoping</creatorcontrib><title>Development of a New Growth Standard for Breastfed Chinese Infants: What Is the Difference from the WHO Growth Standards?</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The objectives of this longitudinal study were to examine the trajectory of breastfed infants' growth in China to update growth standards for early childhood, and to compare these updated Chinese growth standards with the growth standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006.This longitudinal cohort study enrolled 1,840 healthy breastfed infants living in an "optimal" environment favorable to growth and followed up until one year of age from 2007 to 2010. The study subjects were recruited from 60 communities in twelve cities in China. A participating infant's birth weight was measured within the first hour of the infant's life, and birth length and head circumference within 24 hours after birth. Repeated weekly and monthly anthropometric measurements were also taken. Multilevel (ML) modelling via MLwiN2.25 was fitted to estimate the growth curves of weight-for-age (WFA), length-for-age (LFA), and head circumference-for-age (HFA) for the study sample as a whole and by child sex, controlling for mode of delivery, the gravidity and parity of the mother, infant's physical measurements at birth, infant's daily food intaking frequency per day, infant's medical conditions, the season when the infant's physical measurement was taken, parents' ages, heights, and attained education, and family structure and income per month. During the first four weeks after birth, breastfed infants showed an increase in weight, length, and head circumference of 1110g, 4.9 cm, and 3.2 cm, respectively, among boys, and 980 g, 4.4 cm, and 2.8 cm, respectively, among girls. Throughout infancy, the total growth for these three was 6930 g, 26.4 cm, and 12.5 cm, respectively, among boys, and 6480 g, 25.5 cm, and 11.7 cm, respectively, among girls. As expected, there was a significant sex difference in growth during the first year. In comparison with the WHO growth standards, breastfed children in our study were heavier in weight, longer in length, and bigger in head circumference, with the exception of a few age points during the first two to four months on the upper two percentile curves.Our data suggested the growth curves for breastfed infants in China were significantly different in comparison with those based on the WHO standards. The adoption of the WHO infant growth standards among Chinese infants, as well as the methods used in the development of such growth standards in China, need careful and coordinated consideration.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Anthropometry</subject><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Birth weight</subject><subject>Birth Weight - physiology</subject><subject>Body measurements</subject><subject>Breast Feeding</subject><subject>Breastfeeding & lactation</subject><subject>Child Development - physiology</subject><subject>Childbirth & labor</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Childrens health</subject><subject>Circumferences</subject><subject>Community participation</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food and nutrition</subject><subject>Girls</subject><subject>Growth curves</subject><subject>Head</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Human growth</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant development</subject><subject>Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Huang, Xiaona</au><au>Chang, Jenjen</au><au>Feng, Weiwei</au><au>Xu, Yiqun</au><au>Xu, Tao</au><au>Tang, He</au><au>Wang, Huishan</au><au>Pan, Xiaoping</au><au>van Wouwe, Jacobus P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Development of a New Growth Standard for Breastfed Chinese Infants: What Is the Difference from the WHO Growth Standards?</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-12-15</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0167816</spage><epage>e0167816</epage><pages>e0167816-e0167816</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The objectives of this longitudinal study were to examine the trajectory of breastfed infants' growth in China to update growth standards for early childhood, and to compare these updated Chinese growth standards with the growth standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006.This longitudinal cohort study enrolled 1,840 healthy breastfed infants living in an "optimal" environment favorable to growth and followed up until one year of age from 2007 to 2010. The study subjects were recruited from 60 communities in twelve cities in China. A participating infant's birth weight was measured within the first hour of the infant's life, and birth length and head circumference within 24 hours after birth. Repeated weekly and monthly anthropometric measurements were also taken. Multilevel (ML) modelling via MLwiN2.25 was fitted to estimate the growth curves of weight-for-age (WFA), length-for-age (LFA), and head circumference-for-age (HFA) for the study sample as a whole and by child sex, controlling for mode of delivery, the gravidity and parity of the mother, infant's physical measurements at birth, infant's daily food intaking frequency per day, infant's medical conditions, the season when the infant's physical measurement was taken, parents' ages, heights, and attained education, and family structure and income per month. During the first four weeks after birth, breastfed infants showed an increase in weight, length, and head circumference of 1110g, 4.9 cm, and 3.2 cm, respectively, among boys, and 980 g, 4.4 cm, and 2.8 cm, respectively, among girls. Throughout infancy, the total growth for these three was 6930 g, 26.4 cm, and 12.5 cm, respectively, among boys, and 6480 g, 25.5 cm, and 11.7 cm, respectively, among girls. As expected, there was a significant sex difference in growth during the first year. In comparison with the WHO growth standards, breastfed children in our study were heavier in weight, longer in length, and bigger in head circumference, with the exception of a few age points during the first two to four months on the upper two percentile curves.Our data suggested the growth curves for breastfed infants in China were significantly different in comparison with those based on the WHO standards. The adoption of the WHO infant growth standards among Chinese infants, as well as the methods used in the development of such growth standards in China, need careful and coordinated consideration.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27977706</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0167816</doi><tpages>e0167816</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9662-0313</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2016-12, Vol.11 (12), p.e0167816-e0167816 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1850130267 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adult Age Anthropometry Babies Biology and Life Sciences Birth weight Birth Weight - physiology Body measurements Breast Feeding Breastfeeding & lactation Child Development - physiology Childbirth & labor Children Children & youth Childrens health Circumferences Community participation Correlation analysis Demographic aspects Disease prevention Epidemiology Female Food and nutrition Girls Growth curves Head Health aspects Health care Human growth Humans Infant Infant development Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - standards Infant, Newborn Infants Longitudinal Studies Male Maternal & child health Medicine and Health Sciences Multivariate Analysis Parents People and Places Public health Research and Analysis Methods Sex Social Sciences Studies Womens health World Health Organization Young Adult |
| title | Development of a New Growth Standard for Breastfed Chinese Infants: What Is the Difference from the WHO Growth Standards? |
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