The Composition and Spatial Patterns of Bacterial Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in 19 Wastewater Treatment Plants
Bacterial pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance are of concern for environmental safety and public health. Accumulating evidence suggests that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are as an important sink and source of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Virulence genes (encoding viru...
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| creator | Zhang, Bing Xia, Yu Wen, Xianghua Wang, Xiaohui Yang, Yunfeng Zhou, Jizhong Zhang, Yu |
| description | Bacterial pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance are of concern for environmental safety and public health. Accumulating evidence suggests that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are as an important sink and source of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Virulence genes (encoding virulence factors) are good indicators for bacterial pathogenic potentials. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of bacterial pathogenic potentials and antibiotic resistance in WWTPs, bacterial virulence genes and ARGs in 19 WWTPs covering a majority of latitudinal zones of China were surveyed by using GeoChip 4.2. A total of 1610 genes covering 13 virulence factors and 1903 genes belonging to 11 ARG families were detected respectively. The bacterial virulence genes exhibited significant spatial distribution patterns of a latitudinal biodiversity gradient and a distance-decay relationship across China. Moreover, virulence genes tended to coexist with ARGs as shown by their strongly positive associations. In addition, key environmental factors shaping the overall virulence gene structure were identified. This study profiles the occurrence, composition and distribution of virulence genes and ARGs in current WWTPs in China, and uncovers spatial patterns and important environmental variables shaping their structure, which may provide the basis for further studies of bacterial virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in WWTPs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0167422 |
| format | Article |
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Accumulating evidence suggests that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are as an important sink and source of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Virulence genes (encoding virulence factors) are good indicators for bacterial pathogenic potentials. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of bacterial pathogenic potentials and antibiotic resistance in WWTPs, bacterial virulence genes and ARGs in 19 WWTPs covering a majority of latitudinal zones of China were surveyed by using GeoChip 4.2. A total of 1610 genes covering 13 virulence factors and 1903 genes belonging to 11 ARG families were detected respectively. The bacterial virulence genes exhibited significant spatial distribution patterns of a latitudinal biodiversity gradient and a distance-decay relationship across China. Moreover, virulence genes tended to coexist with ARGs as shown by their strongly positive associations. In addition, key environmental factors shaping the overall virulence gene structure were identified. This study profiles the occurrence, composition and distribution of virulence genes and ARGs in current WWTPs in China, and uncovers spatial patterns and important environmental variables shaping their structure, which may provide the basis for further studies of bacterial virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in WWTPs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167422</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27907117</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use ; Antibiotic resistance ; Antibiotics ; Antimicrobial agents ; Bacteria ; Bacteria - genetics ; Bacteria - pathogenicity ; BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ; Biodiversity ; Biology and Life Sciences ; China ; Disease Reservoirs - microbiology ; Distribution patterns ; Drug resistance ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics ; Earth Sciences ; Environmental factors ; Environmental science ; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ; Epidemics ; Genes ; Genetic aspects ; Genomics ; Gram-positive bacteria ; Humans ; Infectious diseases ; Laboratories ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microbial drug resistance ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; Physical Sciences ; Plants - microbiology ; Public health ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Resistance factors ; Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Simulation ; Sludge ; Spatial distribution ; Studies ; Surveys ; Virulence ; Virulence (Microbiology) ; Virulence factors ; Virulence Factors - genetics ; Virulence Factors - isolation & purification ; Waste Water - microbiology ; Wastewater facilities ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Water treatment ; Water treatment plants</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-12, Vol.11 (12), p.e0167422-e0167422</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Accumulating evidence suggests that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are as an important sink and source of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Virulence genes (encoding virulence factors) are good indicators for bacterial pathogenic potentials. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of bacterial pathogenic potentials and antibiotic resistance in WWTPs, bacterial virulence genes and ARGs in 19 WWTPs covering a majority of latitudinal zones of China were surveyed by using GeoChip 4.2. A total of 1610 genes covering 13 virulence factors and 1903 genes belonging to 11 ARG families were detected respectively. The bacterial virulence genes exhibited significant spatial distribution patterns of a latitudinal biodiversity gradient and a distance-decay relationship across China. Moreover, virulence genes tended to coexist with ARGs as shown by their strongly positive associations. 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This study profiles the occurrence, composition and distribution of virulence genes and ARGs in current WWTPs in China, and uncovers spatial patterns and important environmental variables shaping their structure, which may provide the basis for further studies of bacterial virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in WWTPs.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antibiotic resistance</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Bacteria - pathogenicity</subject><subject>BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Disease Reservoirs - microbiology</subject><subject>Distribution patterns</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental factors</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Gram-positive bacteria</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Microbial drug resistance</subject><subject>Pathogenicity</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Plants - 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Accumulating evidence suggests that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are as an important sink and source of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Virulence genes (encoding virulence factors) are good indicators for bacterial pathogenic potentials. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of bacterial pathogenic potentials and antibiotic resistance in WWTPs, bacterial virulence genes and ARGs in 19 WWTPs covering a majority of latitudinal zones of China were surveyed by using GeoChip 4.2. A total of 1610 genes covering 13 virulence factors and 1903 genes belonging to 11 ARG families were detected respectively. The bacterial virulence genes exhibited significant spatial distribution patterns of a latitudinal biodiversity gradient and a distance-decay relationship across China. Moreover, virulence genes tended to coexist with ARGs as shown by their strongly positive associations. In addition, key environmental factors shaping the overall virulence gene structure were identified. This study profiles the occurrence, composition and distribution of virulence genes and ARGs in current WWTPs in China, and uncovers spatial patterns and important environmental variables shaping their structure, which may provide the basis for further studies of bacterial virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in WWTPs.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27907117</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0167422</doi><tpages>e0167422</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2016-12, Vol.11 (12), p.e0167422-e0167422 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1845246475 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Analysis Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Bacteria Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - pathogenicity BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Biodiversity Biology and Life Sciences China Disease Reservoirs - microbiology Distribution patterns Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics Earth Sciences Environmental factors Environmental science ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Epidemics Genes Genetic aspects Genomics Gram-positive bacteria Humans Infectious diseases Laboratories Medicine and Health Sciences Microbial drug resistance Pathogenicity Pathogens Physical Sciences Plants - microbiology Public health Research and Analysis Methods Resistance factors Science & Technology - Other Topics Simulation Sludge Spatial distribution Studies Surveys Virulence Virulence (Microbiology) Virulence factors Virulence Factors - genetics Virulence Factors - isolation & purification Waste Water - microbiology Wastewater facilities Wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment plants Water treatment Water treatment plants |
| title | The Composition and Spatial Patterns of Bacterial Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in 19 Wastewater Treatment Plants |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-05T23%3A51%3A52IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Composition%20and%20Spatial%20Patterns%20of%20Bacterial%20Virulence%20Factors%20and%20Antibiotic%20Resistance%20Genes%20in%2019%20Wastewater%20Treatment%20Plants&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Zhang,%20Bing&rft.aucorp=Lawrence%20Berkeley%20National%20Laboratory%20(LBNL),%20Berkeley,%20CA%20(United%20States)&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=e0167422&rft.epage=e0167422&rft.pages=e0167422-e0167422&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0167422&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA472311118%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1845246475&rft_id=info:pmid/27907117&rft_galeid=A472311118&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_2572c99615e24ba18e47bdb8b9d0defc&rfr_iscdi=true |