Low CO2 Sensitivity of Microzooplankton Communities in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak: Evidence from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study
Ocean acidification is considered as a crucial stressor for marine communities. In this study, we tested the effects of the IPCC RPC6.0 end-of-century acidification scenario on a natural plankton community in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, during a long-term mesocosm experiment from a spring bloom to a...
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| creator | Horn, Henriette G Sander, Nils Stuhr, Annegret Algueró-Muñiz, María Bach, Lennart T Löder, Martin G J Boersma, Maarten Riebesell, Ulf Aberle, Nicole |
| description | Ocean acidification is considered as a crucial stressor for marine communities. In this study, we tested the effects of the IPCC RPC6.0 end-of-century acidification scenario on a natural plankton community in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, during a long-term mesocosm experiment from a spring bloom to a mid-summer situation. The focus of this study was on microzooplankton and its interactions with phytoplankton and mesozooplankton. The microzooplankton community was dominated by ciliates, especially small Strombidium sp., with the exception of the last days when heterotrophic dinoflagellates increased in abundance. We did not observe any effects of high CO2 on the community composition and diversity of microzooplankton. While ciliate abundance, biomass and growth rate were not affected by elevated CO2, we observed a positive effect of elevated CO2 on dinoflagellate abundances. Additionally, growth rates of dinoflagellates were significantly higher in the high CO2 treatments. Given the higher Chlorophyll a content measured under high CO2, our results point at mainly indirect effects of CO2 on microzooplankton caused by changes in phytoplankton standing stocks, in this case most likely an increase in small-sized phytoplankton of |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0165800 |
| format | Article |
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In this study, we tested the effects of the IPCC RPC6.0 end-of-century acidification scenario on a natural plankton community in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, during a long-term mesocosm experiment from a spring bloom to a mid-summer situation. The focus of this study was on microzooplankton and its interactions with phytoplankton and mesozooplankton. The microzooplankton community was dominated by ciliates, especially small Strombidium sp., with the exception of the last days when heterotrophic dinoflagellates increased in abundance. We did not observe any effects of high CO2 on the community composition and diversity of microzooplankton. While ciliate abundance, biomass and growth rate were not affected by elevated CO2, we observed a positive effect of elevated CO2 on dinoflagellate abundances. Additionally, growth rates of dinoflagellates were significantly higher in the high CO2 treatments. Given the higher Chlorophyll a content measured under high CO2, our results point at mainly indirect effects of CO2 on microzooplankton caused by changes in phytoplankton standing stocks, in this case most likely an increase in small-sized phytoplankton of <8 μm. 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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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In this study, we tested the effects of the IPCC RPC6.0 end-of-century acidification scenario on a natural plankton community in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, during a long-term mesocosm experiment from a spring bloom to a mid-summer situation. The focus of this study was on microzooplankton and its interactions with phytoplankton and mesozooplankton. The microzooplankton community was dominated by ciliates, especially small Strombidium sp., with the exception of the last days when heterotrophic dinoflagellates increased in abundance. We did not observe any effects of high CO2 on the community composition and diversity of microzooplankton. While ciliate abundance, biomass and growth rate were not affected by elevated CO2, we observed a positive effect of elevated CO2 on dinoflagellate abundances. Additionally, growth rates of dinoflagellates were significantly higher in the high CO2 treatments. Given the higher Chlorophyll a content measured under high CO2, our results point at mainly indirect effects of CO2 on microzooplankton caused by changes in phytoplankton standing stocks, in this case most likely an increase in small-sized phytoplankton of <8 μm. Overall, the results from the present study covering the most important part of the growing season indicate that coastal microzooplankton communities are rather robust towards realistic acidification scenarios.</description><subject>Abundance</subject><subject>Acidification</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biogeochemistry</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide</subject><subject>Chlorophyll</subject><subject>Chlorophyll - metabolism</subject><subject>Ciliates</subject><subject>Communities</subject><subject>Community composition</subject><subject>Dinoflagellates</subject><subject>Dinoflagellida - growth & development</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Fjords</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food quality</subject><subject>Growing season</subject><subject>Growth rate</subject><subject>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Ocean acidification</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Phytoplankton</subject><subject>Plankton</subject><subject>Pyrrophycophyta</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Sea Urchins - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Horn, Henriette G</au><au>Sander, Nils</au><au>Stuhr, Annegret</au><au>Algueró-Muñiz, María</au><au>Bach, Lennart T</au><au>Löder, Martin G J</au><au>Boersma, Maarten</au><au>Riebesell, Ulf</au><au>Aberle, Nicole</au><au>Doi, Hideyuki</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Low CO2 Sensitivity of Microzooplankton Communities in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak: Evidence from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-11-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e0165800</spage><epage>e0165800</epage><pages>e0165800-e0165800</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Ocean acidification is considered as a crucial stressor for marine communities. In this study, we tested the effects of the IPCC RPC6.0 end-of-century acidification scenario on a natural plankton community in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, during a long-term mesocosm experiment from a spring bloom to a mid-summer situation. The focus of this study was on microzooplankton and its interactions with phytoplankton and mesozooplankton. The microzooplankton community was dominated by ciliates, especially small Strombidium sp., with the exception of the last days when heterotrophic dinoflagellates increased in abundance. We did not observe any effects of high CO2 on the community composition and diversity of microzooplankton. While ciliate abundance, biomass and growth rate were not affected by elevated CO2, we observed a positive effect of elevated CO2 on dinoflagellate abundances. Additionally, growth rates of dinoflagellates were significantly higher in the high CO2 treatments. Given the higher Chlorophyll a content measured under high CO2, our results point at mainly indirect effects of CO2 on microzooplankton caused by changes in phytoplankton standing stocks, in this case most likely an increase in small-sized phytoplankton of <8 μm. Overall, the results from the present study covering the most important part of the growing season indicate that coastal microzooplankton communities are rather robust towards realistic acidification scenarios.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27893740</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0165800</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Abundance Acidification Animals Biogeochemistry Biology and Life Sciences Biomass Carbon Dioxide Chlorophyll Chlorophyll - metabolism Ciliates Communities Community composition Dinoflagellates Dinoflagellida - growth & development Ecosystems Environmental Monitoring Fjords Food Food quality Growing season Growth rate Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Longitudinal Studies Microorganisms Ocean acidification People and Places Physical Sciences Phytoplankton Plankton Pyrrophycophyta Research and Analysis Methods Sea Urchins - physiology Strombidium Sweden Zooplankton Zooplankton - physiology |
| title | Low CO2 Sensitivity of Microzooplankton Communities in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak: Evidence from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study |
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