Beneficial Effects of Metformin and/or Salicylate on Palmitate- or TNFα-Induced Neuroinflammatory Marker and Neuropeptide Gene Regulation in Immortalized NPY/AgRP Neurons

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)/Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus induce feeding and decrease energy expenditure. With consumption of a diet high in fat, there is an increase in circulating saturated free fatty acids, including palmitate, leading to the development of neuroin...

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Veröffentlicht in:	PloS one 2016-11, Vol.11 (11), p.e0166973-e0166973
Hauptverfasser:	Ye, Wenqing, Ramos, Ernesto H, Wong, Brian C, Belsham, Denise D
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Adenosine Agouti-Related Protein - genetics Agouti-Related Protein - metabolism Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - pharmacology Antidiabetics Apoptosis Biology and Life Sciences Biomarkers - metabolism Cells, Cultured Cytokines Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Drug dosages Embryo, Mammalian - cytology Embryo, Mammalian - drug effects Embryo, Mammalian - metabolism Endocrinology Endoplasmic reticulum Energy expenditure Fatty acids Feeding Female Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Gene regulation High fat diet Homeostasis Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology Hypothalamus Hypothalamus - drug effects Hypothalamus - metabolism Hypothalamus - pathology Inflammation Inflammation - chemically induced Inflammation - metabolism Insulin resistance Interleukin 6 JNK protein Kinases Male Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism Metformin Metformin - pharmacology Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Neurons Neurons - drug effects Neurons - metabolism Neurons - pathology Neuropeptide Y Neuropeptide Y - genetics Neuropeptide Y - metabolism Neuropeptides NF-κB protein Obesity Palmitates - pharmacology Palmitic acid Peptides Phosphorylation Phosphorylation - drug effects Physical Sciences Physiology Proteins Rodents Salicylates - pharmacology Salicylic acid Signal transduction Sodium Sodium salicylate Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - pharmacology Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Tumor necrosis factor-α
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