Posttraumatic Stress among Not-Exposed Traumatically Bereaved Relatives after the MS Estonia Disaster
Little is known about posttraumatic stress (PTS) reactions in bereaved individuals following loss in disaster who were not directly exposed to disaster. The aim of the present study was to examine the course of PTS up to three years after losing relatives in the MS Estonia ferry disaster, one of the...
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| creator | Sveen, Josefin Pohlkamp, Lilian Öhlén, Joakim Sandberg, Jonas Brandänge, Kristina Gustavsson, Petter |
| description | Little is known about posttraumatic stress (PTS) reactions in bereaved individuals following loss in disaster who were not directly exposed to disaster. The aim of the present study was to examine the course of PTS up to three years after losing relatives in the MS Estonia ferry disaster, one of the worst maritime disasters in modern times.
Seven postal surveys were sent out over three years post-disaster. The respondents were invited and added consecutively during the three years and 938 relatives participated in one or more of the surveys, representing 89% of the MS Estonia's Swedish victims. The survey included the Impact of Event Scale (IES) to measure PTS. Latent growth curve modeling was used to analyze PTS over time.
The majority of bereaved individuals had high levels of PTS. At three years post-loss, 62% of the respondents scored above the recommended cut-off value on the IES. Over time, PTS symptoms declined, but initially high symptoms of PTS were associated with a slower recovery rate.
The present finding suggests that being an indirectly-exposed disaster-bereaved close-relative can lead to very high levels of PTS which are sustained for several years. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0166441 |
| format | Article |
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Seven postal surveys were sent out over three years post-disaster. The respondents were invited and added consecutively during the three years and 938 relatives participated in one or more of the surveys, representing 89% of the MS Estonia's Swedish victims. The survey included the Impact of Event Scale (IES) to measure PTS. Latent growth curve modeling was used to analyze PTS over time.
The majority of bereaved individuals had high levels of PTS. At three years post-loss, 62% of the respondents scored above the recommended cut-off value on the IES. Over time, PTS symptoms declined, but initially high symptoms of PTS were associated with a slower recovery rate.
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Seven postal surveys were sent out over three years post-disaster. The respondents were invited and added consecutively during the three years and 938 relatives participated in one or more of the surveys, representing 89% of the MS Estonia's Swedish victims. The survey included the Impact of Event Scale (IES) to measure PTS. Latent growth curve modeling was used to analyze PTS over time.
The majority of bereaved individuals had high levels of PTS. At three years post-loss, 62% of the respondents scored above the recommended cut-off value on the IES. Over time, PTS symptoms declined, but initially high symptoms of PTS were associated with a slower recovery rate.
The present finding suggests that being an indirectly-exposed disaster-bereaved close-relative can lead to very high levels of PTS which are sustained for several years.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Disasters</subject><subject>Estonia</subject><subject>Europe</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Family - psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Ferryboat disasters</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Likelihood Functions</subject><subject>Longitudinal studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical diagnosis</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Nursing</subject><subject>Omvårdnad</subject><subject>Other Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere specified</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Polls & surveys</subject><subject>Post traumatic stress disorder</subject><subject>Posttraumatic stress disorder</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Ships</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - 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The aim of the present study was to examine the course of PTS up to three years after losing relatives in the MS Estonia ferry disaster, one of the worst maritime disasters in modern times.
Seven postal surveys were sent out over three years post-disaster. The respondents were invited and added consecutively during the three years and 938 relatives participated in one or more of the surveys, representing 89% of the MS Estonia's Swedish victims. The survey included the Impact of Event Scale (IES) to measure PTS. Latent growth curve modeling was used to analyze PTS over time.
The majority of bereaved individuals had high levels of PTS. At three years post-loss, 62% of the respondents scored above the recommended cut-off value on the IES. Over time, PTS symptoms declined, but initially high symptoms of PTS were associated with a slower recovery rate.
The present finding suggests that being an indirectly-exposed disaster-bereaved close-relative can lead to very high levels of PTS which are sustained for several years.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27893756</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0166441</doi><tpages>e0166441</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-8126</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2016-11, Vol.11 (11), p.e0166441-e0166441 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1844332706 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; SWEPUB Freely available online; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adult Analysis Disasters Estonia Europe Exposure Family - psychology Female Ferryboat disasters Health aspects Humans Likelihood Functions Longitudinal studies Male Medical diagnosis Medicine and Health Sciences Mental disorders Mental health Middle Aged Neurosciences Nursing Omvårdnad Other Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere specified People and Places Physical Sciences Polls & surveys Post traumatic stress disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder Psychiatry Research and Analysis Methods Risk factors Ships Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - pathology Studies Surveys Surveys and Questionnaires Trauma Tsunamis Övrig annan medicin och hälsovetenskap |
| title | Posttraumatic Stress among Not-Exposed Traumatically Bereaved Relatives after the MS Estonia Disaster |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-02T03%3A25%3A37IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Posttraumatic%20Stress%20among%20Not-Exposed%20Traumatically%20Bereaved%20Relatives%20after%20the%20MS%20Estonia%20Disaster&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Sveen,%20Josefin&rft.date=2016-11-28&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=e0166441&rft.epage=e0166441&rft.pages=e0166441-e0166441&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0166441&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA471946501%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1844332706&rft_id=info:pmid/27893756&rft_galeid=A471946501&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_1d1cb37d39b04970961e4d6a62904b0a&rfr_iscdi=true |