Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Mesoamerican Jaguars (Panthera onca): Implications for Conservation and Management
Mesoamerican jaguars (Panthera onca) have been extirpated from over 77% of their historic range, inhabiting fragmented landscapes at potentially reduced population sizes. Maintaining and restoring genetic diversity and connectivity across human-altered landscapes has become a major conservation prio...
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| description | Mesoamerican jaguars (Panthera onca) have been extirpated from over 77% of their historic range, inhabiting fragmented landscapes at potentially reduced population sizes. Maintaining and restoring genetic diversity and connectivity across human-altered landscapes has become a major conservation priority; nonetheless large-scale genetic monitoring of natural populations is rare. This is the first regional conservation genetic study of jaguars to primarily use fecal samples collected in the wild across five Mesoamerican countries: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. We genotyped 445 jaguar fecal samples and examined patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among 115 individual jaguars using data from 12 microsatellite loci. Overall, moderate levels of genetic variation were detected (NA = 4.50 ± 1.05, AR = 3.43 ± 0.22, HE = 0.59 ± 0.04), with Mexico having the lowest genetic diversity, followed by Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, and Costa Rica. Population-based gene flow measures (FST = 0.09 to 0.15, Dest = 0.09 to 0.21), principal component analysis, and Bayesian clustering applied in a hierarchical framework revealed significant genetic structure in Mesoamerican jaguars, roughly grouping individuals into four genetic clusters with varying levels of admixture. Gene flow was highest among Selva Maya jaguars (northern Guatemala and central Belize), whereas genetic differentiation among all other sampling sites was moderate. Genetic subdivision was most pronounced between Selva Maya and Honduran jaguars, suggesting limited jaguar movement between these close geographic regions and ultimately refuting the hypothesis of contemporary panmixia. To maintain a critical linkage for jaguars dispersing through the Mesoamerican landscape and ensure long-term viability of this near threatened species, we recommend continued management and maintenance of jaguar corridors. The baseline genetic data provided by this study underscores the importance of understanding levels of genetic diversity and connectivity to making informed management and conservation decisions with the goal to maintain functional connectivity across the region. |
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Maintaining and restoring genetic diversity and connectivity across human-altered landscapes has become a major conservation priority; nonetheless large-scale genetic monitoring of natural populations is rare. This is the first regional conservation genetic study of jaguars to primarily use fecal samples collected in the wild across five Mesoamerican countries: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. We genotyped 445 jaguar fecal samples and examined patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among 115 individual jaguars using data from 12 microsatellite loci. Overall, moderate levels of genetic variation were detected (NA = 4.50 ± 1.05, AR = 3.43 ± 0.22, HE = 0.59 ± 0.04), with Mexico having the lowest genetic diversity, followed by Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, and Costa Rica. Population-based gene flow measures (FST = 0.09 to 0.15, Dest = 0.09 to 0.21), principal component analysis, and Bayesian clustering applied in a hierarchical framework revealed significant genetic structure in Mesoamerican jaguars, roughly grouping individuals into four genetic clusters with varying levels of admixture. Gene flow was highest among Selva Maya jaguars (northern Guatemala and central Belize), whereas genetic differentiation among all other sampling sites was moderate. Genetic subdivision was most pronounced between Selva Maya and Honduran jaguars, suggesting limited jaguar movement between these close geographic regions and ultimately refuting the hypothesis of contemporary panmixia. To maintain a critical linkage for jaguars dispersing through the Mesoamerican landscape and ensure long-term viability of this near threatened species, we recommend continued management and maintenance of jaguar corridors. The baseline genetic data provided by this study underscores the importance of understanding levels of genetic diversity and connectivity to making informed management and conservation decisions with the goal to maintain functional connectivity across the region.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162377</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27783617</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Analysis ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Bayesian analysis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Canals ; Clustering ; Connectivity ; Conservation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Corridors ; Corridors (Ecology) ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA - isolation & purification ; DNA - metabolism ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Endangered & extinct species ; Endangered species ; Environmental protection ; Flow measurement ; Gene flow ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic research ; Genetic structure ; Genetic testing ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Geospatial data ; Landscape preservation ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Management ; Microsatellite Repeats - genetics ; Microsatellites ; Museums ; Natural populations ; Panthera ; Panthera - genetics ; Panthera onca ; People and places ; Population ; Population genetics ; Population structure ; Principal Component Analysis ; Principal components analysis ; Studies ; Threatened species ; Viability ; Wildlife conservation</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-10, Vol.11 (10), p.e0162377-e0162377</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Wultsch et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Wultsch et al 2016 Wultsch et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c626t-d74a01edf24569ecea1d829eb2384b060bb2b0531be27b74f4cc181a576ae613</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c626t-d74a01edf24569ecea1d829eb2384b060bb2b0531be27b74f4cc181a576ae613</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5082669/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5082669/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27783617$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wultsch, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caragiulo, Anthony</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dias-Freedman, Isabela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quigley, Howard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rabinowitz, Salisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amato, George</creatorcontrib><title>Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Mesoamerican Jaguars (Panthera onca): Implications for Conservation and Management</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Mesoamerican jaguars (Panthera onca) have been extirpated from over 77% of their historic range, inhabiting fragmented landscapes at potentially reduced population sizes. Maintaining and restoring genetic diversity and connectivity across human-altered landscapes has become a major conservation priority; nonetheless large-scale genetic monitoring of natural populations is rare. This is the first regional conservation genetic study of jaguars to primarily use fecal samples collected in the wild across five Mesoamerican countries: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. We genotyped 445 jaguar fecal samples and examined patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among 115 individual jaguars using data from 12 microsatellite loci. Overall, moderate levels of genetic variation were detected (NA = 4.50 ± 1.05, AR = 3.43 ± 0.22, HE = 0.59 ± 0.04), with Mexico having the lowest genetic diversity, followed by Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, and Costa Rica. Population-based gene flow measures (FST = 0.09 to 0.15, Dest = 0.09 to 0.21), principal component analysis, and Bayesian clustering applied in a hierarchical framework revealed significant genetic structure in Mesoamerican jaguars, roughly grouping individuals into four genetic clusters with varying levels of admixture. Gene flow was highest among Selva Maya jaguars (northern Guatemala and central Belize), whereas genetic differentiation among all other sampling sites was moderate. Genetic subdivision was most pronounced between Selva Maya and Honduran jaguars, suggesting limited jaguar movement between these close geographic regions and ultimately refuting the hypothesis of contemporary panmixia. To maintain a critical linkage for jaguars dispersing through the Mesoamerican landscape and ensure long-term viability of this near threatened species, we recommend continued management and maintenance of jaguar corridors. The baseline genetic data provided by this study underscores the importance of understanding levels of genetic diversity and connectivity to making informed management and conservation decisions with the goal to maintain functional connectivity across the region.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bayes Theorem</subject><subject>Bayesian analysis</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Canals</subject><subject>Clustering</subject><subject>Connectivity</subject><subject>Conservation</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources</subject><subject>Corridors</subject><subject>Corridors (Ecology)</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA - isolation & purification</subject><subject>DNA - metabolism</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Endangered & extinct species</subject><subject>Endangered species</subject><subject>Environmental protection</subject><subject>Flow measurement</subject><subject>Gene flow</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic research</subject><subject>Genetic structure</subject><subject>Genetic testing</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Genetics, Population</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Geospatial data</subject><subject>Landscape preservation</subject><subject>Linkage Disequilibrium</subject><subject>Management</subject><subject>Microsatellite Repeats - genetics</subject><subject>Microsatellites</subject><subject>Museums</subject><subject>Natural populations</subject><subject>Panthera</subject><subject>Panthera - genetics</subject><subject>Panthera onca</subject><subject>People and places</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population genetics</subject><subject>Population structure</subject><subject>Principal Component Analysis</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Threatened species</subject><subject>Viability</subject><subject>Wildlife conservation</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUk1v1DAQjRCIlsI_QGCJSzns4o_ETjggVQuURa2oRO_WxJlsvUrsrZ1U6o2fjtPdVl3UA_LB1vi9NzNPL8veMjpnQrFPaz8GB9184x3OKZNcKPUsO2SV4DPJqXj-6H2QvYpxTWkhSilfZgdcqVJIpg6zP6focLCGfLU3GKIdbgm4hlz4zdjBYL0jv4cwmmEMSHxLzjF66DFYA478hNUIIZLjC3DDFQYg3hn4-Jks-02XEBM9ktYHskgPDDdbwUn_HByssEc3vM5etNBFfLO7j7LL798uFz9mZ79Ol4uTs5mRXA6zRuVAGTYtzwtZoUFgTckrrLko85pKWte8TvuxGrmqVd7mxrCSQaEkoGTiKHu_ld10Puqdd1GzUiQvKppXCbHcIhoPa70Jtodwqz1YfVfwYaUhJKc61FUSVqgqXlKes9S7akCVhSlyIytZ1Enry67bWPfYmLRngG5PdP_H2Su98je6oCWXchrmeCcQ_PWIcdC9jQa7Dhz68W5uJagSXP4PtJBSca4S9MM_0KeN2KFWkHa1rvVpRDOJ6pNcsYoWqiwTav4EKp0Ge2tSJlub6nuEfEswwccYsH2wg1E9Jfp-GD0lWu8SnWjvHlv5QLqPsPgLsA3zrQ</recordid><startdate>20161026</startdate><enddate>20161026</enddate><creator>Wultsch, Claudia</creator><creator>Caragiulo, Anthony</creator><creator>Dias-Freedman, Isabela</creator><creator>Quigley, Howard</creator><creator>Rabinowitz, Salisa</creator><creator>Amato, George</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20161026</creationdate><title>Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Mesoamerican Jaguars (Panthera onca): Implications for Conservation and Management</title><author>Wultsch, Claudia ; Caragiulo, Anthony ; Dias-Freedman, Isabela ; Quigley, Howard ; Rabinowitz, Salisa ; Amato, George</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c626t-d74a01edf24569ecea1d829eb2384b060bb2b0531be27b74f4cc181a576ae613</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bayes Theorem</topic><topic>Bayesian analysis</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Canals</topic><topic>Clustering</topic><topic>Connectivity</topic><topic>Conservation</topic><topic>Conservation of Natural Resources</topic><topic>Corridors</topic><topic>Corridors (Ecology)</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wultsch, Claudia</au><au>Caragiulo, Anthony</au><au>Dias-Freedman, Isabela</au><au>Quigley, Howard</au><au>Rabinowitz, Salisa</au><au>Amato, George</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Mesoamerican Jaguars (Panthera onca): Implications for Conservation and Management</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-10-26</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e0162377</spage><epage>e0162377</epage><pages>e0162377-e0162377</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Mesoamerican jaguars (Panthera onca) have been extirpated from over 77% of their historic range, inhabiting fragmented landscapes at potentially reduced population sizes. Maintaining and restoring genetic diversity and connectivity across human-altered landscapes has become a major conservation priority; nonetheless large-scale genetic monitoring of natural populations is rare. This is the first regional conservation genetic study of jaguars to primarily use fecal samples collected in the wild across five Mesoamerican countries: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. We genotyped 445 jaguar fecal samples and examined patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among 115 individual jaguars using data from 12 microsatellite loci. Overall, moderate levels of genetic variation were detected (NA = 4.50 ± 1.05, AR = 3.43 ± 0.22, HE = 0.59 ± 0.04), with Mexico having the lowest genetic diversity, followed by Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, and Costa Rica. Population-based gene flow measures (FST = 0.09 to 0.15, Dest = 0.09 to 0.21), principal component analysis, and Bayesian clustering applied in a hierarchical framework revealed significant genetic structure in Mesoamerican jaguars, roughly grouping individuals into four genetic clusters with varying levels of admixture. Gene flow was highest among Selva Maya jaguars (northern Guatemala and central Belize), whereas genetic differentiation among all other sampling sites was moderate. Genetic subdivision was most pronounced between Selva Maya and Honduran jaguars, suggesting limited jaguar movement between these close geographic regions and ultimately refuting the hypothesis of contemporary panmixia. To maintain a critical linkage for jaguars dispersing through the Mesoamerican landscape and ensure long-term viability of this near threatened species, we recommend continued management and maintenance of jaguar corridors. The baseline genetic data provided by this study underscores the importance of understanding levels of genetic diversity and connectivity to making informed management and conservation decisions with the goal to maintain functional connectivity across the region.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27783617</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0162377</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agriculture Analysis Animals Bayes Theorem Bayesian analysis Biology and Life Sciences Canals Clustering Connectivity Conservation Conservation of Natural Resources Corridors Corridors (Ecology) Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA - isolation & purification DNA - metabolism Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Endangered & extinct species Endangered species Environmental protection Flow measurement Gene flow Genetic diversity Genetic research Genetic structure Genetic testing Genetic Variation Genetics, Population Genomics Genotype Geospatial data Landscape preservation Linkage Disequilibrium Management Microsatellite Repeats - genetics Microsatellites Museums Natural populations Panthera Panthera - genetics Panthera onca People and places Population Population genetics Population structure Principal Component Analysis Principal components analysis Studies Threatened species Viability Wildlife conservation |
| title | Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Mesoamerican Jaguars (Panthera onca): Implications for Conservation and Management |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-02T14%3A50%3A30IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Genetic%20Diversity%20and%20Population%20Structure%20of%20Mesoamerican%20Jaguars%20(Panthera%20onca):%20Implications%20for%20Conservation%20and%20Management&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Wultsch,%20Claudia&rft.date=2016-10-26&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=e0162377&rft.epage=e0162377&rft.pages=e0162377-e0162377&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162377&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA471905788%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1832779049&rft_id=info:pmid/27783617&rft_galeid=A471905788&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_981a7e7928024160b9da785c54c6965b&rfr_iscdi=true |