West Nile Virus Spreads Transsynaptically within the Pathways of Motor Control: Anatomical and Ultrastructural Mapping of Neuronal Virus Infection in the Primate Central Nervous System
During recent West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in the US, half of the reported cases were classified as neuroinvasive disease. WNV neuroinvasion is proposed to follow two major routes: hematogenous and/or axonal transport along the peripheral nerves. How virus spreads once within the central nervous...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2016-09, Vol.10 (9), p.e0004980-e0004980 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | e0004980 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | e0004980 |
| container_title | PLoS neglected tropical diseases |
| container_volume | 10 |
| creator | Maximova, Olga A Bernbaum, John G Pletnev, Alexander G |
| description | During recent West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in the US, half of the reported cases were classified as neuroinvasive disease. WNV neuroinvasion is proposed to follow two major routes: hematogenous and/or axonal transport along the peripheral nerves. How virus spreads once within the central nervous system (CNS) remains unknown.
Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of viral antigens in the CNS of rhesus monkeys that were intrathalamically inoculated with a wild-type WNV. The localization of WNV within the CNS was mapped to specific neuronal groups and anatomical structures. The neurological functions related to structures containing WNV-labeled neurons were reviewed and summarized. Intraneuronal localization of WNV was investigated by electron microscopy. The known anatomical connectivity of WNV-labeled neurons was used to reconstruct the directionality of WNV spread within the CNS using a connectogram design. Anatomical mapping revealed that all structures identified as containing WNV-labeled neurons belonged to the pathways of motor control. Ultrastructurally, virions were found predominantly within vesicular structures (including autophagosomes) in close vicinity to the axodendritic synapses, either at pre- or post-synaptic positions (axonal terminals and dendritic spines, respectively), strongly indicating transsynaptic spread of the virus between connected neurons. Neuronal connectivity-based reconstruction of the directionality of transsynaptic virus spread suggests that, within the CNS, WNV can utilize both anterograde and retrograde axonal transport to infect connected neurons.
This study offers a new insight into the neuropathogenesis of WNV infection in a primate model that closely mimics WNV encephalomyelitis in humans. We show that within the primate CNS, WNV primarily infects the anatomical structures and pathways responsible for the control of movement. Our findings also suggest that WNV most likely propagates within the CNS transsynaptically, by both, anterograde and retrograde axonal transport. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004980 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_1829442359</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A476955962</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_fd7c89c0cc234e93a56a6d12101abbc9</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A476955962</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-2d5cbf5cc0a0bec93b96cfa64e8ad356df790f010288d3b01c19dbd5aecb11303</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptk11v0zAUhiMEYmPwDxBYQkLctNhxnMRcIE0VH5O2gcQGl9aJ7bSZXDvYzqb-M34eDk2nFk25SGQ_73s-ck6WvSR4TmhF3t-4wVsw895GNccYF7zGj7Jjwimb5RVlj_e-j7JnIdxgzDirydPsKK9KUhUMH2d_fukQ0WVnNPrZ-SGgH73XoAK68mBD2FjoYyfBmA266-KqsyiuNPoOcXUHm4Bciy5cdB4tnI3emQ_o1EJ061GCwCp0baKHEP0g4-DT2QX0fWeXo_BSD96lCqbAZ7bVMnbOol0Q360harTQyTphl9rfujHDTYh6_Tx70oIJ-sX0PsmuP3-6WnydnX_7crY4PZ_JMi_iLFdMNi2TEgNutOS04aVsoSx0DYqyUrUVxy0mOK9rRRtMJOGqUQy0bAihmJ5kr7e-vXFBTE0PgtQ5L4qcMp6Isy2hHNyIfszab4SDTvw7cH4pwKcmGi1aVcmaSyxlTgvNKbASSkVyggk0jRy9Pk7RhmatldyWfmB6eGO7lVi6W8Ew4QUvk8G7ycC730P6t2LdBamNAatT81LeiUupVzShb_5DH65uopaQCuhs61JcOZqK06IqOWO8zBM1f4BKj9JpFpzVbZqwQ8HbPcFKg4mr4MwwDkA4BIstKL0Lwev2vhkEi3ERdlmLcRHEtAhJ9mq_kfei3eTTvzydCkU</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1829442359</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>West Nile Virus Spreads Transsynaptically within the Pathways of Motor Control: Anatomical and Ultrastructural Mapping of Neuronal Virus Infection in the Primate Central Nervous System</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Maximova, Olga A ; Bernbaum, John G ; Pletnev, Alexander G</creator><contributor>Singh, Sunit Kumar</contributor><creatorcontrib>Maximova, Olga A ; Bernbaum, John G ; Pletnev, Alexander G ; Singh, Sunit Kumar</creatorcontrib><description>During recent West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in the US, half of the reported cases were classified as neuroinvasive disease. WNV neuroinvasion is proposed to follow two major routes: hematogenous and/or axonal transport along the peripheral nerves. How virus spreads once within the central nervous system (CNS) remains unknown.
Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of viral antigens in the CNS of rhesus monkeys that were intrathalamically inoculated with a wild-type WNV. The localization of WNV within the CNS was mapped to specific neuronal groups and anatomical structures. The neurological functions related to structures containing WNV-labeled neurons were reviewed and summarized. Intraneuronal localization of WNV was investigated by electron microscopy. The known anatomical connectivity of WNV-labeled neurons was used to reconstruct the directionality of WNV spread within the CNS using a connectogram design. Anatomical mapping revealed that all structures identified as containing WNV-labeled neurons belonged to the pathways of motor control. Ultrastructurally, virions were found predominantly within vesicular structures (including autophagosomes) in close vicinity to the axodendritic synapses, either at pre- or post-synaptic positions (axonal terminals and dendritic spines, respectively), strongly indicating transsynaptic spread of the virus between connected neurons. Neuronal connectivity-based reconstruction of the directionality of transsynaptic virus spread suggests that, within the CNS, WNV can utilize both anterograde and retrograde axonal transport to infect connected neurons.
This study offers a new insight into the neuropathogenesis of WNV infection in a primate model that closely mimics WNV encephalomyelitis in humans. We show that within the primate CNS, WNV primarily infects the anatomical structures and pathways responsible for the control of movement. Our findings also suggest that WNV most likely propagates within the CNS transsynaptically, by both, anterograde and retrograde axonal transport.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2727</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004980</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27617450</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animals ; Antigens, Viral - immunology ; Biology and life sciences ; Central nervous system ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease transmission ; Epidemics ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Laboratories ; Macaca mulatta ; Medicine and health sciences ; Microscopy, Electron ; Motor Cortex - pathology ; Motor Cortex - virology ; Neurons - ultrastructure ; Neurons - virology ; Risk factors ; Spinal Cord - pathology ; Spinal Cord - virology ; Studies ; Tropical diseases ; Vector-borne diseases ; Viruses ; West Nile Fever - virology ; West Nile virus ; West Nile virus - pathogenicity</subject><ispartof>PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016-09, Vol.10 (9), p.e0004980-e0004980</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Maximova OA, Bernbaum JG, Pletnev AG (2016) West Nile Virus Spreads Transsynaptically within the Pathways of Motor Control: Anatomical and Ultrastructural Mapping of Neuronal Virus Infection in the Primate Central Nervous System. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(9): e0004980. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004980</rights><rights>2016 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Maximova OA, Bernbaum JG, Pletnev AG (2016) West Nile Virus Spreads Transsynaptically within the Pathways of Motor Control: Anatomical and Ultrastructural Mapping of Neuronal Virus Infection in the Primate Central Nervous System. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(9): e0004980. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004980</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-2d5cbf5cc0a0bec93b96cfa64e8ad356df790f010288d3b01c19dbd5aecb11303</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-2d5cbf5cc0a0bec93b96cfa64e8ad356df790f010288d3b01c19dbd5aecb11303</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5019496/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5019496/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27617450$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Singh, Sunit Kumar</contributor><creatorcontrib>Maximova, Olga A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernbaum, John G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pletnev, Alexander G</creatorcontrib><title>West Nile Virus Spreads Transsynaptically within the Pathways of Motor Control: Anatomical and Ultrastructural Mapping of Neuronal Virus Infection in the Primate Central Nervous System</title><title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><description>During recent West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in the US, half of the reported cases were classified as neuroinvasive disease. WNV neuroinvasion is proposed to follow two major routes: hematogenous and/or axonal transport along the peripheral nerves. How virus spreads once within the central nervous system (CNS) remains unknown.
Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of viral antigens in the CNS of rhesus monkeys that were intrathalamically inoculated with a wild-type WNV. The localization of WNV within the CNS was mapped to specific neuronal groups and anatomical structures. The neurological functions related to structures containing WNV-labeled neurons were reviewed and summarized. Intraneuronal localization of WNV was investigated by electron microscopy. The known anatomical connectivity of WNV-labeled neurons was used to reconstruct the directionality of WNV spread within the CNS using a connectogram design. Anatomical mapping revealed that all structures identified as containing WNV-labeled neurons belonged to the pathways of motor control. Ultrastructurally, virions were found predominantly within vesicular structures (including autophagosomes) in close vicinity to the axodendritic synapses, either at pre- or post-synaptic positions (axonal terminals and dendritic spines, respectively), strongly indicating transsynaptic spread of the virus between connected neurons. Neuronal connectivity-based reconstruction of the directionality of transsynaptic virus spread suggests that, within the CNS, WNV can utilize both anterograde and retrograde axonal transport to infect connected neurons.
This study offers a new insight into the neuropathogenesis of WNV infection in a primate model that closely mimics WNV encephalomyelitis in humans. We show that within the primate CNS, WNV primarily infects the anatomical structures and pathways responsible for the control of movement. Our findings also suggest that WNV most likely propagates within the CNS transsynaptically, by both, anterograde and retrograde axonal transport.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigens, Viral - immunology</subject><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subject>Central nervous system</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Macaca mulatta</subject><subject>Medicine and health sciences</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron</subject><subject>Motor Cortex - pathology</subject><subject>Motor Cortex - virology</subject><subject>Neurons - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Neurons - virology</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Spinal Cord - pathology</subject><subject>Spinal Cord - virology</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Vector-borne diseases</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>West Nile Fever - virology</subject><subject>West Nile virus</subject><subject>West Nile virus - pathogenicity</subject><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><issn>1935-2735</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptk11v0zAUhiMEYmPwDxBYQkLctNhxnMRcIE0VH5O2gcQGl9aJ7bSZXDvYzqb-M34eDk2nFk25SGQ_73s-ck6WvSR4TmhF3t-4wVsw895GNccYF7zGj7Jjwimb5RVlj_e-j7JnIdxgzDirydPsKK9KUhUMH2d_fukQ0WVnNPrZ-SGgH73XoAK68mBD2FjoYyfBmA266-KqsyiuNPoOcXUHm4Bciy5cdB4tnI3emQ_o1EJ061GCwCp0baKHEP0g4-DT2QX0fWeXo_BSD96lCqbAZ7bVMnbOol0Q360harTQyTphl9rfujHDTYh6_Tx70oIJ-sX0PsmuP3-6WnydnX_7crY4PZ_JMi_iLFdMNi2TEgNutOS04aVsoSx0DYqyUrUVxy0mOK9rRRtMJOGqUQy0bAihmJ5kr7e-vXFBTE0PgtQ5L4qcMp6Isy2hHNyIfszab4SDTvw7cH4pwKcmGi1aVcmaSyxlTgvNKbASSkVyggk0jRy9Pk7RhmatldyWfmB6eGO7lVi6W8Ew4QUvk8G7ycC730P6t2LdBamNAatT81LeiUupVzShb_5DH65uopaQCuhs61JcOZqK06IqOWO8zBM1f4BKj9JpFpzVbZqwQ8HbPcFKg4mr4MwwDkA4BIstKL0Lwev2vhkEi3ERdlmLcRHEtAhJ9mq_kfei3eTTvzydCkU</recordid><startdate>20160912</startdate><enddate>20160912</enddate><creator>Maximova, Olga A</creator><creator>Bernbaum, John G</creator><creator>Pletnev, Alexander G</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160912</creationdate><title>West Nile Virus Spreads Transsynaptically within the Pathways of Motor Control: Anatomical and Ultrastructural Mapping of Neuronal Virus Infection in the Primate Central Nervous System</title><author>Maximova, Olga A ; Bernbaum, John G ; Pletnev, Alexander G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-2d5cbf5cc0a0bec93b96cfa64e8ad356df790f010288d3b01c19dbd5aecb11303</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigens, Viral - immunology</topic><topic>Biology and life sciences</topic><topic>Central nervous system</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Macaca mulatta</topic><topic>Medicine and health sciences</topic><topic>Microscopy, Electron</topic><topic>Motor Cortex - pathology</topic><topic>Motor Cortex - virology</topic><topic>Neurons - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Neurons - virology</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Spinal Cord - pathology</topic><topic>Spinal Cord - virology</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Tropical diseases</topic><topic>Vector-borne diseases</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>West Nile Fever - virology</topic><topic>West Nile virus</topic><topic>West Nile virus - pathogenicity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Maximova, Olga A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernbaum, John G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pletnev, Alexander G</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Maximova, Olga A</au><au>Bernbaum, John G</au><au>Pletnev, Alexander G</au><au>Singh, Sunit Kumar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>West Nile Virus Spreads Transsynaptically within the Pathways of Motor Control: Anatomical and Ultrastructural Mapping of Neuronal Virus Infection in the Primate Central Nervous System</atitle><jtitle>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><date>2016-09-12</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0004980</spage><epage>e0004980</epage><pages>e0004980-e0004980</pages><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><eissn>1935-2735</eissn><abstract>During recent West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in the US, half of the reported cases were classified as neuroinvasive disease. WNV neuroinvasion is proposed to follow two major routes: hematogenous and/or axonal transport along the peripheral nerves. How virus spreads once within the central nervous system (CNS) remains unknown.
Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of viral antigens in the CNS of rhesus monkeys that were intrathalamically inoculated with a wild-type WNV. The localization of WNV within the CNS was mapped to specific neuronal groups and anatomical structures. The neurological functions related to structures containing WNV-labeled neurons were reviewed and summarized. Intraneuronal localization of WNV was investigated by electron microscopy. The known anatomical connectivity of WNV-labeled neurons was used to reconstruct the directionality of WNV spread within the CNS using a connectogram design. Anatomical mapping revealed that all structures identified as containing WNV-labeled neurons belonged to the pathways of motor control. Ultrastructurally, virions were found predominantly within vesicular structures (including autophagosomes) in close vicinity to the axodendritic synapses, either at pre- or post-synaptic positions (axonal terminals and dendritic spines, respectively), strongly indicating transsynaptic spread of the virus between connected neurons. Neuronal connectivity-based reconstruction of the directionality of transsynaptic virus spread suggests that, within the CNS, WNV can utilize both anterograde and retrograde axonal transport to infect connected neurons.
This study offers a new insight into the neuropathogenesis of WNV infection in a primate model that closely mimics WNV encephalomyelitis in humans. We show that within the primate CNS, WNV primarily infects the anatomical structures and pathways responsible for the control of movement. Our findings also suggest that WNV most likely propagates within the CNS transsynaptically, by both, anterograde and retrograde axonal transport.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27617450</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pntd.0004980</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1935-2735 |
| ispartof | PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016-09, Vol.10 (9), p.e0004980-e0004980 |
| issn | 1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1829442359 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Analysis Animals Antigens, Viral - immunology Biology and life sciences Central nervous system Disease Models, Animal Disease transmission Epidemics Humans Immunohistochemistry Laboratories Macaca mulatta Medicine and health sciences Microscopy, Electron Motor Cortex - pathology Motor Cortex - virology Neurons - ultrastructure Neurons - virology Risk factors Spinal Cord - pathology Spinal Cord - virology Studies Tropical diseases Vector-borne diseases Viruses West Nile Fever - virology West Nile virus West Nile virus - pathogenicity |
| title | West Nile Virus Spreads Transsynaptically within the Pathways of Motor Control: Anatomical and Ultrastructural Mapping of Neuronal Virus Infection in the Primate Central Nervous System |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-07T08%3A52%3A50IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=West%20Nile%20Virus%20Spreads%20Transsynaptically%20within%20the%20Pathways%20of%20Motor%20Control:%20Anatomical%20and%20Ultrastructural%20Mapping%20of%20Neuronal%20Virus%20Infection%20in%20the%20Primate%20Central%20Nervous%20System&rft.jtitle=PLoS%20neglected%20tropical%20diseases&rft.au=Maximova,%20Olga%20A&rft.date=2016-09-12&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0004980&rft.epage=e0004980&rft.pages=e0004980-e0004980&rft.issn=1935-2735&rft.eissn=1935-2735&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004980&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA476955962%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1829442359&rft_id=info:pmid/27617450&rft_galeid=A476955962&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_fd7c89c0cc234e93a56a6d12101abbc9&rfr_iscdi=true |