Characterization of Citrus-Associated Alternaria Species in Mediterranean Areas
Alternaria brown spot is one of the most important diseases of tangerines and their hybrids worldwide. Recently, outbreaks in Mediterranean areas related to susceptible cultivars, refocused attention on the disease. Twenty representatives were selected from a collection of 180 isolates of Alternaria...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2016-09, Vol.11 (9), p.e0163255 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | |
---|---|
container_issue | 9 |
container_start_page | e0163255 |
container_title | PloS one |
container_volume | 11 |
creator | Garganese, Francesca Schena, Leonardo Siciliano, Ilenia Prigigallo, Maria Isabella Spadaro, Davide De Grassi, Anna Ippolito, Antonio Sanzani, Simona Marianna |
description | Alternaria brown spot is one of the most important diseases of tangerines and their hybrids worldwide. Recently, outbreaks in Mediterranean areas related to susceptible cultivars, refocused attention on the disease. Twenty representatives were selected from a collection of 180 isolates of Alternaria spp. from citrus leaves and fruit. They were characterized along with reference strains of Alternaria spp. Micro- and macroscopic characteristics separated most Alternaria isolates into six morphotypes referable to A. alternata (5) and A. arborescens (1). Phylogenetic analyses, based on endopolygalacturonase (endopg) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), confirmed this finding. Moreover, a five-gene phylogeny including two anonymous genomics regions (OPA 1-3 and OPA 2-1), and the beta-tubulin gene (ß-tub), produced a further clustering of A. alternata into three clades. This analysis suggested the existence of intra-species molecular variability. Investigated isolates showed different levels of virulence on leaves and fruit. In particular, the pathogenicity on fruit seemed to be correlated with the tissue of isolation and the clade. The toxigenic behavior of Alternaria isolates was also investigated, with tenuazonic acid (TeA) being the most abundant mycotoxin (0.2-20 mg/L). Isolates also synthesized the mycotoxins alternariol (AOH), its derivate alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and altenuene (ALT), although to a lesser extent. AME production significantly varied among the six morphotypes. The expression of pksJ/pksH, biosynthetic genes of AOH/AME, was not correlated with actual toxin production, but it was significantly different between the two genotypes and among the four clades. Finally, ten isolates proved to express the biosynthetic genes of ACTT1 phytotoxin, and thus to be included in the Alternaria pathotype tangerine. A significant correlation between pathogenicity on leaves and ACTT1 gene expression was recorded. The latter was significantly dependent on geographical origin. The widespread occurrence of Alternaria spp. on citrus fruit and their ability to produce mycotoxins might represent a serious concern for producers and consumers. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0163255 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_1820311684</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A471872340</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_fac02755155b44e390ee29bc9eeaee85</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A471872340</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-683ec4d30f6fe92e5063c4f680aa9924a9fc499d78242c9e960fd0e06913b2503</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkl2L00AUhoMo7rr6D0QDguhF63wncyOU4kdhpeCqt8Pp5KSdkma6M4mov97pNrs0sheSi4Qzz3nPnDdvlj2nZEp5Qd9tfR9aaKZ73-KUUMWZlA-yc6o5myhG-MOT77PsSYxbQiQvlXqcnbFC8VRn59lyvoEAtsPg_kDnfJv7Op-7LvRxMovRWwcdVvmsSUQLwUF-tUfrMOauzb9g5VI9QIvQ5rOAEJ9mj2poIj4b3hfZ948fvs0_Ty6Xnxbz2eXEFkx2E1VytKLipFY1aoaSKG5FrUoCoDUToGsrtK6KkglmNWpF6oogUZryFZOEX2Qvj7r7xkczeBENLdO2lKpSJGJxJCoPW7MPbgfht_HgzE3Bh7WB0DnboKnBElZISaVcCYFcE0SmV2kuAmIpk9b7YVq_2mFlse0CNCPR8UnrNmbtfxpJmOJCJ4E3g0Dw1z3GzuxctNg0yTrf39y7KLUU-nDvV_-g9283UGtIC7i29mmuPYiamShoWTAuDi5N76HSU-HO2RSc2qX6qOHtqCExHf7q1tDHaBZXX_-fXf4Ys69P2A1C022ib_pD4uIYFEfQBh9jwPrOZErMIfe3bphD7s2Q-9T24vQH3TXdBp3_BQOK_G8</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1820311684</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Characterization of Citrus-Associated Alternaria Species in Mediterranean Areas</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Garganese, Francesca ; Schena, Leonardo ; Siciliano, Ilenia ; Prigigallo, Maria Isabella ; Spadaro, Davide ; De Grassi, Anna ; Ippolito, Antonio ; Sanzani, Simona Marianna</creator><contributor>Sarrocco, Sabrina</contributor><creatorcontrib>Garganese, Francesca ; Schena, Leonardo ; Siciliano, Ilenia ; Prigigallo, Maria Isabella ; Spadaro, Davide ; De Grassi, Anna ; Ippolito, Antonio ; Sanzani, Simona Marianna ; Sarrocco, Sabrina</creatorcontrib><description>Alternaria brown spot is one of the most important diseases of tangerines and their hybrids worldwide. Recently, outbreaks in Mediterranean areas related to susceptible cultivars, refocused attention on the disease. Twenty representatives were selected from a collection of 180 isolates of Alternaria spp. from citrus leaves and fruit. They were characterized along with reference strains of Alternaria spp. Micro- and macroscopic characteristics separated most Alternaria isolates into six morphotypes referable to A. alternata (5) and A. arborescens (1). Phylogenetic analyses, based on endopolygalacturonase (endopg) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), confirmed this finding. Moreover, a five-gene phylogeny including two anonymous genomics regions (OPA 1-3 and OPA 2-1), and the beta-tubulin gene (ß-tub), produced a further clustering of A. alternata into three clades. This analysis suggested the existence of intra-species molecular variability. Investigated isolates showed different levels of virulence on leaves and fruit. In particular, the pathogenicity on fruit seemed to be correlated with the tissue of isolation and the clade. The toxigenic behavior of Alternaria isolates was also investigated, with tenuazonic acid (TeA) being the most abundant mycotoxin (0.2-20 mg/L). Isolates also synthesized the mycotoxins alternariol (AOH), its derivate alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and altenuene (ALT), although to a lesser extent. AME production significantly varied among the six morphotypes. The expression of pksJ/pksH, biosynthetic genes of AOH/AME, was not correlated with actual toxin production, but it was significantly different between the two genotypes and among the four clades. Finally, ten isolates proved to express the biosynthetic genes of ACTT1 phytotoxin, and thus to be included in the Alternaria pathotype tangerine. A significant correlation between pathogenicity on leaves and ACTT1 gene expression was recorded. The latter was significantly dependent on geographical origin. The widespread occurrence of Alternaria spp. on citrus fruit and their ability to produce mycotoxins might represent a serious concern for producers and consumers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163255</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27636202</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Alternaria ; Alternaria - classification ; Alternaria - isolation & purification ; Alternaria - pathogenicity ; Alternaria alternata ; Analysis ; Biology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biosynthesis ; Brown spot ; Citrus ; Citrus - microbiology ; Citrus fruits ; Citrus reticulata ; Clustering ; Correlation ; Cultivars ; Disease ; Endopolygalacturonase ; Food ; Fruits ; Fusarium ; Gene expression ; Genes ; Genomics ; Genotypes ; Hybrids ; Leaves ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mediterranean Region ; Metabolites ; Morphology ; Mycotoxins ; Outbreaks ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases - microbiology ; Spacer ; Tangerines ; Tea ; Tenuazonic acid ; Toxins ; Tubulin ; Virulence</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-09, Vol.11 (9), p.e0163255</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Garganese et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Garganese et al 2016 Garganese et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-683ec4d30f6fe92e5063c4f680aa9924a9fc499d78242c9e960fd0e06913b2503</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-683ec4d30f6fe92e5063c4f680aa9924a9fc499d78242c9e960fd0e06913b2503</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1631-638X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5026349/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5026349/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27636202$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Sarrocco, Sabrina</contributor><creatorcontrib>Garganese, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schena, Leonardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siciliano, Ilenia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prigigallo, Maria Isabella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spadaro, Davide</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Grassi, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ippolito, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanzani, Simona Marianna</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of Citrus-Associated Alternaria Species in Mediterranean Areas</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Alternaria brown spot is one of the most important diseases of tangerines and their hybrids worldwide. Recently, outbreaks in Mediterranean areas related to susceptible cultivars, refocused attention on the disease. Twenty representatives were selected from a collection of 180 isolates of Alternaria spp. from citrus leaves and fruit. They were characterized along with reference strains of Alternaria spp. Micro- and macroscopic characteristics separated most Alternaria isolates into six morphotypes referable to A. alternata (5) and A. arborescens (1). Phylogenetic analyses, based on endopolygalacturonase (endopg) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), confirmed this finding. Moreover, a five-gene phylogeny including two anonymous genomics regions (OPA 1-3 and OPA 2-1), and the beta-tubulin gene (ß-tub), produced a further clustering of A. alternata into three clades. This analysis suggested the existence of intra-species molecular variability. Investigated isolates showed different levels of virulence on leaves and fruit. In particular, the pathogenicity on fruit seemed to be correlated with the tissue of isolation and the clade. The toxigenic behavior of Alternaria isolates was also investigated, with tenuazonic acid (TeA) being the most abundant mycotoxin (0.2-20 mg/L). Isolates also synthesized the mycotoxins alternariol (AOH), its derivate alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and altenuene (ALT), although to a lesser extent. AME production significantly varied among the six morphotypes. The expression of pksJ/pksH, biosynthetic genes of AOH/AME, was not correlated with actual toxin production, but it was significantly different between the two genotypes and among the four clades. Finally, ten isolates proved to express the biosynthetic genes of ACTT1 phytotoxin, and thus to be included in the Alternaria pathotype tangerine. A significant correlation between pathogenicity on leaves and ACTT1 gene expression was recorded. The latter was significantly dependent on geographical origin. The widespread occurrence of Alternaria spp. on citrus fruit and their ability to produce mycotoxins might represent a serious concern for producers and consumers.</description><subject>Alternaria</subject><subject>Alternaria - classification</subject><subject>Alternaria - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Alternaria - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Alternaria alternata</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Brown spot</subject><subject>Citrus</subject><subject>Citrus - microbiology</subject><subject>Citrus fruits</subject><subject>Citrus reticulata</subject><subject>Clustering</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Cultivars</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Endopolygalacturonase</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Fusarium</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Hybrids</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mediterranean Region</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Mycotoxins</subject><subject>Outbreaks</subject><subject>Pathogenicity</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - microbiology</subject><subject>Spacer</subject><subject>Tangerines</subject><subject>Tea</subject><subject>Tenuazonic acid</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><subject>Tubulin</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl2L00AUhoMo7rr6D0QDguhF63wncyOU4kdhpeCqt8Pp5KSdkma6M4mov97pNrs0sheSi4Qzz3nPnDdvlj2nZEp5Qd9tfR9aaKZ73-KUUMWZlA-yc6o5myhG-MOT77PsSYxbQiQvlXqcnbFC8VRn59lyvoEAtsPg_kDnfJv7Op-7LvRxMovRWwcdVvmsSUQLwUF-tUfrMOauzb9g5VI9QIvQ5rOAEJ9mj2poIj4b3hfZ948fvs0_Ty6Xnxbz2eXEFkx2E1VytKLipFY1aoaSKG5FrUoCoDUToGsrtK6KkglmNWpF6oogUZryFZOEX2Qvj7r7xkczeBENLdO2lKpSJGJxJCoPW7MPbgfht_HgzE3Bh7WB0DnboKnBElZISaVcCYFcE0SmV2kuAmIpk9b7YVq_2mFlse0CNCPR8UnrNmbtfxpJmOJCJ4E3g0Dw1z3GzuxctNg0yTrf39y7KLUU-nDvV_-g9283UGtIC7i29mmuPYiamShoWTAuDi5N76HSU-HO2RSc2qX6qOHtqCExHf7q1tDHaBZXX_-fXf4Ys69P2A1C022ib_pD4uIYFEfQBh9jwPrOZErMIfe3bphD7s2Q-9T24vQH3TXdBp3_BQOK_G8</recordid><startdate>20160916</startdate><enddate>20160916</enddate><creator>Garganese, Francesca</creator><creator>Schena, Leonardo</creator><creator>Siciliano, Ilenia</creator><creator>Prigigallo, Maria Isabella</creator><creator>Spadaro, Davide</creator><creator>De Grassi, Anna</creator><creator>Ippolito, Antonio</creator><creator>Sanzani, Simona Marianna</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-638X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20160916</creationdate><title>Characterization of Citrus-Associated Alternaria Species in Mediterranean Areas</title><author>Garganese, Francesca ; Schena, Leonardo ; Siciliano, Ilenia ; Prigigallo, Maria Isabella ; Spadaro, Davide ; De Grassi, Anna ; Ippolito, Antonio ; Sanzani, Simona Marianna</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-683ec4d30f6fe92e5063c4f680aa9924a9fc499d78242c9e960fd0e06913b2503</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Alternaria</topic><topic>Alternaria - classification</topic><topic>Alternaria - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Alternaria - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Alternaria alternata</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biosynthesis</topic><topic>Brown spot</topic><topic>Citrus</topic><topic>Citrus - microbiology</topic><topic>Citrus fruits</topic><topic>Citrus reticulata</topic><topic>Clustering</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>Cultivars</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Endopolygalacturonase</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>Fusarium</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genomics</topic><topic>Genotypes</topic><topic>Hybrids</topic><topic>Leaves</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mediterranean Region</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Mycotoxins</topic><topic>Outbreaks</topic><topic>Pathogenicity</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Phylogenetics</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Plant Diseases - microbiology</topic><topic>Spacer</topic><topic>Tangerines</topic><topic>Tea</topic><topic>Tenuazonic acid</topic><topic>Toxins</topic><topic>Tubulin</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Garganese, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schena, Leonardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siciliano, Ilenia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prigigallo, Maria Isabella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spadaro, Davide</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Grassi, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ippolito, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanzani, Simona Marianna</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Opposing Viewpoints in Context (Gale)</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Garganese, Francesca</au><au>Schena, Leonardo</au><au>Siciliano, Ilenia</au><au>Prigigallo, Maria Isabella</au><au>Spadaro, Davide</au><au>De Grassi, Anna</au><au>Ippolito, Antonio</au><au>Sanzani, Simona Marianna</au><au>Sarrocco, Sabrina</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of Citrus-Associated Alternaria Species in Mediterranean Areas</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-09-16</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0163255</spage><pages>e0163255-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Alternaria brown spot is one of the most important diseases of tangerines and their hybrids worldwide. Recently, outbreaks in Mediterranean areas related to susceptible cultivars, refocused attention on the disease. Twenty representatives were selected from a collection of 180 isolates of Alternaria spp. from citrus leaves and fruit. They were characterized along with reference strains of Alternaria spp. Micro- and macroscopic characteristics separated most Alternaria isolates into six morphotypes referable to A. alternata (5) and A. arborescens (1). Phylogenetic analyses, based on endopolygalacturonase (endopg) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), confirmed this finding. Moreover, a five-gene phylogeny including two anonymous genomics regions (OPA 1-3 and OPA 2-1), and the beta-tubulin gene (ß-tub), produced a further clustering of A. alternata into three clades. This analysis suggested the existence of intra-species molecular variability. Investigated isolates showed different levels of virulence on leaves and fruit. In particular, the pathogenicity on fruit seemed to be correlated with the tissue of isolation and the clade. The toxigenic behavior of Alternaria isolates was also investigated, with tenuazonic acid (TeA) being the most abundant mycotoxin (0.2-20 mg/L). Isolates also synthesized the mycotoxins alternariol (AOH), its derivate alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and altenuene (ALT), although to a lesser extent. AME production significantly varied among the six morphotypes. The expression of pksJ/pksH, biosynthetic genes of AOH/AME, was not correlated with actual toxin production, but it was significantly different between the two genotypes and among the four clades. Finally, ten isolates proved to express the biosynthetic genes of ACTT1 phytotoxin, and thus to be included in the Alternaria pathotype tangerine. A significant correlation between pathogenicity on leaves and ACTT1 gene expression was recorded. The latter was significantly dependent on geographical origin. The widespread occurrence of Alternaria spp. on citrus fruit and their ability to produce mycotoxins might represent a serious concern for producers and consumers.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27636202</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0163255</doi><tpages>e0163255</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-638X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
ispartof | PloS one, 2016-09, Vol.11 (9), p.e0163255 |
issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1820311684 |
source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
subjects | Alternaria Alternaria - classification Alternaria - isolation & purification Alternaria - pathogenicity Alternaria alternata Analysis Biology Biology and Life Sciences Biosynthesis Brown spot Citrus Citrus - microbiology Citrus fruits Citrus reticulata Clustering Correlation Cultivars Disease Endopolygalacturonase Food Fruits Fusarium Gene expression Genes Genomics Genotypes Hybrids Leaves Medicine and Health Sciences Mediterranean Region Metabolites Morphology Mycotoxins Outbreaks Pathogenicity Pathogens Phylogenetics Phylogeny Plant Diseases - microbiology Spacer Tangerines Tea Tenuazonic acid Toxins Tubulin Virulence |
title | Characterization of Citrus-Associated Alternaria Species in Mediterranean Areas |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-25T16%3A32%3A04IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Characterization%20of%20Citrus-Associated%20Alternaria%20Species%20in%20Mediterranean%20Areas&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Garganese,%20Francesca&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0163255&rft.pages=e0163255-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163255&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA471872340%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1820311684&rft_id=info:pmid/27636202&rft_galeid=A471872340&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_fac02755155b44e390ee29bc9eeaee85&rfr_iscdi=true |