Leptospira Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Health Centre Patients in Hoima District, Western Uganda
The burden of human leptospirosis in Uganda is unknown. We estimated the seroprevalence of Leptospira antibodies, probable acute/recent leptospirosis, and risk factors for seropositivity in humans in rural Western Uganda. 359 non-pregnant adults visiting the Kikuube and Kigorobya Health Centers were...
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| creator | Dreyfus, Anou Dyal, Jonathan W Pearson, Raewynne Kankya, Clovice Kajura, Charles Alinaitwe, Lordrick Kakooza, Steven Pelican, Katharine M Travis, Dominic A Mahero, Michael Boulware, David R Mugisha, Lawrence |
| description | The burden of human leptospirosis in Uganda is unknown. We estimated the seroprevalence of Leptospira antibodies, probable acute/recent leptospirosis, and risk factors for seropositivity in humans in rural Western Uganda.
359 non-pregnant adults visiting the Kikuube and Kigorobya Health Centers were sequentially recruited during March and April 2014. A health history survey and serum were collected from consented participants. Overall, 69% reported having fever in the past year, with 49% reporting malaria, 14% malaria relapse, 6% typhoid fever, 3% brucellosis, and 0% leptospirosis. We tested sera by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against eight Leptospira serovars representing seven serogroups. Leptospira seroprevalence was 35% (126/359; 95%CI 30.2-40.3%) defined as MAT titer ≥ 1:100 for any serovar. The highest prevalence was against L. borgpetersenii Nigeria (serogroup Pyrogenes) at 19.8% (71/359; 95%CI 15.9-24.4%). The prevalence of probable recent leptospirosis (MAT titer ≥1:800) was 1.9% (95%CI 0.9-4.2%) and uniquely related to serovar Nigeria (serogroup Pyrogenes). Probable recent leptospirosis was associated with having self-reported malaria within the past year (p = 0.048). Higher risk activities included skinning cattle (n = 6) with 12.3 higher odds (95%CI 1.4-108.6; p = 0.024) of Leptospira seropositivity compared with those who had not. Participants living in close proximity to monkeys (n = 229) had 1.92 higher odds (95%CI 1.2-3.1; p = 0.009) of seropositivity compared with participants without monkeys nearby.
The 35% prevalence of Leptospira antibodies suggests that exposure to leptospirosis is common in rural Uganda, in particular the Nigeria serovar (Pyrogenes serogroup). Leptospirosis should be a diagnostic consideration in febrile illness and "smear-negative malaria" in rural East Africa. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004858 |
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359 non-pregnant adults visiting the Kikuube and Kigorobya Health Centers were sequentially recruited during March and April 2014. A health history survey and serum were collected from consented participants. Overall, 69% reported having fever in the past year, with 49% reporting malaria, 14% malaria relapse, 6% typhoid fever, 3% brucellosis, and 0% leptospirosis. We tested sera by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against eight Leptospira serovars representing seven serogroups. Leptospira seroprevalence was 35% (126/359; 95%CI 30.2-40.3%) defined as MAT titer ≥ 1:100 for any serovar. The highest prevalence was against L. borgpetersenii Nigeria (serogroup Pyrogenes) at 19.8% (71/359; 95%CI 15.9-24.4%). The prevalence of probable recent leptospirosis (MAT titer ≥1:800) was 1.9% (95%CI 0.9-4.2%) and uniquely related to serovar Nigeria (serogroup Pyrogenes). Probable recent leptospirosis was associated with having self-reported malaria within the past year (p = 0.048). Higher risk activities included skinning cattle (n = 6) with 12.3 higher odds (95%CI 1.4-108.6; p = 0.024) of Leptospira seropositivity compared with those who had not. Participants living in close proximity to monkeys (n = 229) had 1.92 higher odds (95%CI 1.2-3.1; p = 0.009) of seropositivity compared with participants without monkeys nearby.
The 35% prevalence of Leptospira antibodies suggests that exposure to leptospirosis is common in rural Uganda, in particular the Nigeria serovar (Pyrogenes serogroup). Leptospirosis should be a diagnostic consideration in febrile illness and "smear-negative malaria" in rural East Africa.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2727</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004858</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27487398</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Agglutination Tests ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial - blood ; Bacteriology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cattle ; Charitable foundations ; Confidence intervals ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Fever ; Floods ; Funding ; Health surveillance ; Humans ; Illnesses ; Immunoglobulins ; International relations ; Laboratories ; Leptospira - classification ; Leptospirosis ; Leptospirosis - epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Malaria ; Male ; Management ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; People and Places ; Primary health care ; Public health ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Serogroup ; Studies ; Tropical diseases ; Uganda - epidemiology ; Urine ; Veterinary medicine ; Young Adult ; Zoonoses</subject><ispartof>PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016-08, Vol.10 (8), p.e0004858-e0004858</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Health Centre Patients in Hoima District, Western Uganda. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(8): e0004858. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004858</rights><rights>2016 Dreyfus et al 2016 Dreyfus et al</rights><rights>2016 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Health Centre Patients in Hoima District, Western Uganda. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(8): e0004858. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004858</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-70a6d776b8a8c5d3443ab4f6b7491945ff95161ae08e8e7596ec62191279b9db3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-70a6d776b8a8c5d3443ab4f6b7491945ff95161ae08e8e7596ec62191279b9db3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4972303/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4972303/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2101,2927,23865,27923,27924,53790,53792,79471,79472</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27487398$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Picardeau, Mathieu</contributor><creatorcontrib>Dreyfus, Anou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dyal, Jonathan W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pearson, Raewynne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kankya, Clovice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kajura, Charles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alinaitwe, Lordrick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kakooza, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelican, Katharine M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Travis, Dominic A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahero, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boulware, David R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mugisha, Lawrence</creatorcontrib><title>Leptospira Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Health Centre Patients in Hoima District, Western Uganda</title><title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><description>The burden of human leptospirosis in Uganda is unknown. We estimated the seroprevalence of Leptospira antibodies, probable acute/recent leptospirosis, and risk factors for seropositivity in humans in rural Western Uganda.
359 non-pregnant adults visiting the Kikuube and Kigorobya Health Centers were sequentially recruited during March and April 2014. A health history survey and serum were collected from consented participants. Overall, 69% reported having fever in the past year, with 49% reporting malaria, 14% malaria relapse, 6% typhoid fever, 3% brucellosis, and 0% leptospirosis. We tested sera by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against eight Leptospira serovars representing seven serogroups. Leptospira seroprevalence was 35% (126/359; 95%CI 30.2-40.3%) defined as MAT titer ≥ 1:100 for any serovar. The highest prevalence was against L. borgpetersenii Nigeria (serogroup Pyrogenes) at 19.8% (71/359; 95%CI 15.9-24.4%). The prevalence of probable recent leptospirosis (MAT titer ≥1:800) was 1.9% (95%CI 0.9-4.2%) and uniquely related to serovar Nigeria (serogroup Pyrogenes). Probable recent leptospirosis was associated with having self-reported malaria within the past year (p = 0.048). Higher risk activities included skinning cattle (n = 6) with 12.3 higher odds (95%CI 1.4-108.6; p = 0.024) of Leptospira seropositivity compared with those who had not. Participants living in close proximity to monkeys (n = 229) had 1.92 higher odds (95%CI 1.2-3.1; p = 0.009) of seropositivity compared with participants without monkeys nearby.
The 35% prevalence of Leptospira antibodies suggests that exposure to leptospirosis is common in rural Uganda, in particular the Nigeria serovar (Pyrogenes serogroup). Leptospirosis should be a diagnostic consideration in febrile illness and "smear-negative malaria" in rural East Africa.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Agglutination Tests</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies, Bacterial - blood</subject><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Charitable foundations</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>Floods</subject><subject>Funding</subject><subject>Health surveillance</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illnesses</subject><subject>Immunoglobulins</subject><subject>International relations</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Leptospira - classification</subject><subject>Leptospirosis</subject><subject>Leptospirosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Management</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Primary health care</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Rural Population</subject><subject>Seroepidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Serogroup</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Uganda - 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We estimated the seroprevalence of Leptospira antibodies, probable acute/recent leptospirosis, and risk factors for seropositivity in humans in rural Western Uganda.
359 non-pregnant adults visiting the Kikuube and Kigorobya Health Centers were sequentially recruited during March and April 2014. A health history survey and serum were collected from consented participants. Overall, 69% reported having fever in the past year, with 49% reporting malaria, 14% malaria relapse, 6% typhoid fever, 3% brucellosis, and 0% leptospirosis. We tested sera by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against eight Leptospira serovars representing seven serogroups. Leptospira seroprevalence was 35% (126/359; 95%CI 30.2-40.3%) defined as MAT titer ≥ 1:100 for any serovar. The highest prevalence was against L. borgpetersenii Nigeria (serogroup Pyrogenes) at 19.8% (71/359; 95%CI 15.9-24.4%). The prevalence of probable recent leptospirosis (MAT titer ≥1:800) was 1.9% (95%CI 0.9-4.2%) and uniquely related to serovar Nigeria (serogroup Pyrogenes). Probable recent leptospirosis was associated with having self-reported malaria within the past year (p = 0.048). Higher risk activities included skinning cattle (n = 6) with 12.3 higher odds (95%CI 1.4-108.6; p = 0.024) of Leptospira seropositivity compared with those who had not. Participants living in close proximity to monkeys (n = 229) had 1.92 higher odds (95%CI 1.2-3.1; p = 0.009) of seropositivity compared with participants without monkeys nearby.
The 35% prevalence of Leptospira antibodies suggests that exposure to leptospirosis is common in rural Uganda, in particular the Nigeria serovar (Pyrogenes serogroup). Leptospirosis should be a diagnostic consideration in febrile illness and "smear-negative malaria" in rural East Africa.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27487398</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pntd.0004858</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1820285335 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Agglutination Tests Animals Antibodies, Bacterial - blood Bacteriology Biology and Life Sciences Cattle Charitable foundations Confidence intervals Epidemiology Female Fever Floods Funding Health surveillance Humans Illnesses Immunoglobulins International relations Laboratories Leptospira - classification Leptospirosis Leptospirosis - epidemiology Logistic Models Malaria Male Management Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis People and Places Primary health care Public health Risk Factors Rural Population Seroepidemiologic Studies Serogroup Studies Tropical diseases Uganda - epidemiology Urine Veterinary medicine Young Adult Zoonoses |
| title | Leptospira Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Health Centre Patients in Hoima District, Western Uganda |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-08T13%3A32%3A18IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Leptospira%20Seroprevalence%20and%20Risk%20Factors%20in%20Health%20Centre%20Patients%20in%20Hoima%20District,%20Western%20Uganda&rft.jtitle=PLoS%20neglected%20tropical%20diseases&rft.au=Dreyfus,%20Anou&rft.date=2016-08-03&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=e0004858&rft.epage=e0004858&rft.pages=e0004858-e0004858&rft.issn=1935-2735&rft.eissn=1935-2735&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004858&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA479419650%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1820285335&rft_id=info:pmid/27487398&rft_galeid=A479419650&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_2c96dd0b66b543989321c376c849f1f0&rfr_iscdi=true |