Prolonged Exposure of Primary Human Muscle Cells to Plasma Fatty Acids Associated with Obese Phenotype Induces Persistent Suppression of Muscle Mitochondrial ATP Synthase β Subunit
Our previous studies show reduced abundance of the β-subunit of mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (β-F1-ATPase) in skeletal muscle of obese individuals. The β-F1-ATPase forms the catalytic core of the ATP synthase, and it is critical for ATP production in muscle. The mechanism(s) impairing β-F1-ATPase m...
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| creator | Tran, Lee Hanavan, Paul D Campbell, Latoya E De Filippis, Elena Lake, Douglas F Coletta, Dawn K Roust, Lori R Mandarino, Lawrence J Carroll, Chad C Katsanos, Christos S |
| description | Our previous studies show reduced abundance of the β-subunit of mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (β-F1-ATPase) in skeletal muscle of obese individuals. The β-F1-ATPase forms the catalytic core of the ATP synthase, and it is critical for ATP production in muscle. The mechanism(s) impairing β-F1-ATPase metabolism in obesity, however, are not completely understood. First, we studied total muscle protein synthesis and the translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in obese (BMI, 36±1 kg/m2) and lean (BMI, 22±1 kg/m2) subjects. Both total protein synthesis (0.044±0.006 vs 0.066±0.006%·h-1) and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase (0.0031±0.0007 vs 0.0073±0.0004) were lower in muscle from the obese subjects when compared to the lean controls (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0160057 |
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The β-F1-ATPase forms the catalytic core of the ATP synthase, and it is critical for ATP production in muscle. The mechanism(s) impairing β-F1-ATPase metabolism in obesity, however, are not completely understood. First, we studied total muscle protein synthesis and the translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in obese (BMI, 36±1 kg/m2) and lean (BMI, 22±1 kg/m2) subjects. Both total protein synthesis (0.044±0.006 vs 0.066±0.006%·h-1) and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase (0.0031±0.0007 vs 0.0073±0.0004) were lower in muscle from the obese subjects when compared to the lean controls (P<0.05). We then evaluated these same responses in a primary cell culture model, and tested the specific hypothesis that circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in obesity play a role in the responses observed in humans. The findings on total protein synthesis and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in primary myotubes cultured from a lean subject, and after exposure to NEFA extracted from serum of an obese subject, were similar to those obtained in humans. Among candidate microRNAs (i.e., non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression), we identified miR-127-5p in preventing the production of β-F1-ATPase. Muscle expression of miR-127-5p negatively correlated with β-F1-ATPase protein translation efficiency in humans (r = - 0.6744; P<0.01), and could be modeled in vitro by prolonged exposure of primary myotubes derived from the lean subject to NEFA extracted from the obese subject. On the other hand, locked nucleic acid inhibitor synthesized to target miR-127-5p significantly increased β-F1-ATPase translation efficiency in myotubes (0.6±0.1 vs 1.3±0.3, in control vs exposure to 50 nM inhibitor; P<0.05). Our experiments implicate circulating NEFA in obesity in suppressing muscle protein metabolism, and establish impaired β-F1-ATPase translation as an important consequence of obesity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160057</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27532680</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adenosine triphosphatase ; Adult ; ATP ; ATP synthase ; Biology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Body mass ; Catalysis ; Cell culture ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetes ; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage ; DNA methylation ; Efficiency ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Esterification ; Exposure ; F1-ATPase ; Fatty acids ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - metabolism ; Female ; Gene expression ; Glucose ; Humans ; Inhibitors ; Insulin resistance ; Life sciences ; Lipids ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolism ; MicroRNAs - genetics ; MicroRNAs - metabolism ; miRNA ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondria, Muscle - enzymology ; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases - genetics ; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases - metabolism ; Muscle Development - genetics ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - enzymology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - metabolism ; Muscle Proteins - biosynthesis ; Muscle Proteins - genetics ; Muscles ; Musculoskeletal system ; MyoD Protein - genetics ; Myogenin - genetics ; Myotubes ; Obesity ; Obesity - blood ; Obesity - genetics ; Obesity - metabolism ; Physiology ; Plasma ; Protein biosynthesis ; Protein metabolism ; Protein synthesis ; Protein turnover ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Rodents ; Skeletal muscle ; Thinness - blood ; Thinness - genetics ; Thinness - metabolism ; Translation ; Weight control</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-08, Vol.11 (8), p.e0160057-e0160057</ispartof><rights>2016 Tran et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Tran et al 2016 Tran et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-3f1ac339ccfb8236db563ee295fca9607e84812ca6bdc7ad0ae08e7773c23ab23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-3f1ac339ccfb8236db563ee295fca9607e84812ca6bdc7ad0ae08e7773c23ab23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4988792/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4988792/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27532680$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Alemany, Marià</contributor><creatorcontrib>Tran, Lee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanavan, Paul D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campbell, Latoya E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Filippis, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lake, Douglas F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coletta, Dawn K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roust, Lori R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mandarino, Lawrence J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carroll, Chad C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katsanos, Christos S</creatorcontrib><title>Prolonged Exposure of Primary Human Muscle Cells to Plasma Fatty Acids Associated with Obese Phenotype Induces Persistent Suppression of Muscle Mitochondrial ATP Synthase β Subunit</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Our previous studies show reduced abundance of the β-subunit of mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (β-F1-ATPase) in skeletal muscle of obese individuals. The β-F1-ATPase forms the catalytic core of the ATP synthase, and it is critical for ATP production in muscle. The mechanism(s) impairing β-F1-ATPase metabolism in obesity, however, are not completely understood. First, we studied total muscle protein synthesis and the translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in obese (BMI, 36±1 kg/m2) and lean (BMI, 22±1 kg/m2) subjects. Both total protein synthesis (0.044±0.006 vs 0.066±0.006%·h-1) and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase (0.0031±0.0007 vs 0.0073±0.0004) were lower in muscle from the obese subjects when compared to the lean controls (P<0.05). We then evaluated these same responses in a primary cell culture model, and tested the specific hypothesis that circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in obesity play a role in the responses observed in humans. The findings on total protein synthesis and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in primary myotubes cultured from a lean subject, and after exposure to NEFA extracted from serum of an obese subject, were similar to those obtained in humans. Among candidate microRNAs (i.e., non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression), we identified miR-127-5p in preventing the production of β-F1-ATPase. Muscle expression of miR-127-5p negatively correlated with β-F1-ATPase protein translation efficiency in humans (r = - 0.6744; P<0.01), and could be modeled in vitro by prolonged exposure of primary myotubes derived from the lean subject to NEFA extracted from the obese subject. On the other hand, locked nucleic acid inhibitor synthesized to target miR-127-5p significantly increased β-F1-ATPase translation efficiency in myotubes (0.6±0.1 vs 1.3±0.3, in control vs exposure to 50 nM inhibitor; P<0.05). Our experiments implicate circulating NEFA in obesity in suppressing muscle protein metabolism, and establish impaired β-F1-ATPase translation as an important consequence of obesity.</description><subject>Adenosine triphosphatase</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>ATP</subject><subject>ATP synthase</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Catalysis</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</subject><subject>DNA methylation</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Epigenesis, Genetic</subject><subject>Esterification</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>F1-ATPase</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inhibitors</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>MicroRNAs - genetics</subject><subject>MicroRNAs - metabolism</subject><subject>miRNA</subject><subject>Mitochondria</subject><subject>Mitochondria, Muscle - enzymology</subject><subject>Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases - genetics</subject><subject>Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases - metabolism</subject><subject>Muscle Development - genetics</subject><subject>Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - enzymology</subject><subject>Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - metabolism</subject><subject>Muscle Proteins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Muscle Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal system</subject><subject>MyoD Protein - genetics</subject><subject>Myogenin - genetics</subject><subject>Myotubes</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - blood</subject><subject>Obesity - genetics</subject><subject>Obesity - metabolism</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Protein biosynthesis</subject><subject>Protein metabolism</subject><subject>Protein synthesis</subject><subject>Protein turnover</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Skeletal muscle</subject><subject>Thinness - blood</subject><subject>Thinness - genetics</subject><subject>Thinness - metabolism</subject><subject>Translation</subject><subject>Weight control</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUt1u0zAUjhCIjcEbILDEDTctjp3Yzg1SVW2s0qZF2ri2HPuk9ZTawXYGfS0kXoNnIqXZtCGubPl8P-ccf1n2NsfznPL8060fglPdvPcO5jhnGJf8WXacV5TMGMH0-aP7UfYqxtsRQQVjL7MjwktKmMDH2a86-M67NRh0-qP3cQiAfIvqYLcq7ND5sFUOXQ5Rd4CW0HURJY_qTsWtQmcqpR1aaGsiWsTotVVp1Plu0wZdNRAB1RtwPu16QCtnBg0R1RCijQlcQtdD3weI0Xq3t5xMLm3yeuOdCVZ1aHFTo-udSxs1qv3-OXKawdn0OnvRqi7Cm-k8yb6end4sz2cXV19Wy8XFTJeEpRltc6UprbRuG0EoM03JKACpylarimEOohA50Yo1RnNlsAIsgHNONaGqIfQke3_Q7Tsf5bTxKPORVBYlp3xErA4I49Wt7A9rk15Z-ffBh7VUIdlxMllBW4DGRmBeFTnJBTWGMGgqkWPVGDZqfZ7chmYLRo9LCqp7Ivq04uxGrv2dLCoheLVv9-MkEPy3AWKSWxv1-GvKgR8OfQshWLH3-vAP9P_TFQeUDj7GAO1DMzmW-xTes-Q-hXJK4Uh793iQB9J97OgfqZDgFw</recordid><startdate>20160817</startdate><enddate>20160817</enddate><creator>Tran, Lee</creator><creator>Hanavan, Paul D</creator><creator>Campbell, Latoya E</creator><creator>De Filippis, Elena</creator><creator>Lake, Douglas F</creator><creator>Coletta, Dawn K</creator><creator>Roust, Lori R</creator><creator>Mandarino, Lawrence J</creator><creator>Carroll, Chad C</creator><creator>Katsanos, Christos S</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160817</creationdate><title>Prolonged Exposure of Primary Human Muscle Cells to Plasma Fatty Acids Associated with Obese Phenotype Induces Persistent Suppression of Muscle Mitochondrial ATP Synthase β Subunit</title><author>Tran, Lee ; Hanavan, Paul D ; Campbell, Latoya E ; De Filippis, Elena ; Lake, Douglas F ; Coletta, Dawn K ; Roust, Lori R ; Mandarino, Lawrence J ; Carroll, Chad C ; Katsanos, Christos S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-3f1ac339ccfb8236db563ee295fca9607e84812ca6bdc7ad0ae08e7773c23ab23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adenosine triphosphatase</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>ATP</topic><topic>ATP synthase</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Catalysis</topic><topic>Cell culture</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Dietary Fats - 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Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tran, Lee</au><au>Hanavan, Paul D</au><au>Campbell, Latoya E</au><au>De Filippis, Elena</au><au>Lake, Douglas F</au><au>Coletta, Dawn K</au><au>Roust, Lori R</au><au>Mandarino, Lawrence J</au><au>Carroll, Chad C</au><au>Katsanos, Christos S</au><au>Alemany, Marià</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prolonged Exposure of Primary Human Muscle Cells to Plasma Fatty Acids Associated with Obese Phenotype Induces Persistent Suppression of Muscle Mitochondrial ATP Synthase β Subunit</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-08-17</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0160057</spage><epage>e0160057</epage><pages>e0160057-e0160057</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Our previous studies show reduced abundance of the β-subunit of mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (β-F1-ATPase) in skeletal muscle of obese individuals. The β-F1-ATPase forms the catalytic core of the ATP synthase, and it is critical for ATP production in muscle. The mechanism(s) impairing β-F1-ATPase metabolism in obesity, however, are not completely understood. First, we studied total muscle protein synthesis and the translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in obese (BMI, 36±1 kg/m2) and lean (BMI, 22±1 kg/m2) subjects. Both total protein synthesis (0.044±0.006 vs 0.066±0.006%·h-1) and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase (0.0031±0.0007 vs 0.0073±0.0004) were lower in muscle from the obese subjects when compared to the lean controls (P<0.05). We then evaluated these same responses in a primary cell culture model, and tested the specific hypothesis that circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in obesity play a role in the responses observed in humans. The findings on total protein synthesis and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in primary myotubes cultured from a lean subject, and after exposure to NEFA extracted from serum of an obese subject, were similar to those obtained in humans. Among candidate microRNAs (i.e., non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression), we identified miR-127-5p in preventing the production of β-F1-ATPase. Muscle expression of miR-127-5p negatively correlated with β-F1-ATPase protein translation efficiency in humans (r = - 0.6744; P<0.01), and could be modeled in vitro by prolonged exposure of primary myotubes derived from the lean subject to NEFA extracted from the obese subject. On the other hand, locked nucleic acid inhibitor synthesized to target miR-127-5p significantly increased β-F1-ATPase translation efficiency in myotubes (0.6±0.1 vs 1.3±0.3, in control vs exposure to 50 nM inhibitor; P<0.05). Our experiments implicate circulating NEFA in obesity in suppressing muscle protein metabolism, and establish impaired β-F1-ATPase translation as an important consequence of obesity.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27532680</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0160057</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2016-08, Vol.11 (8), p.e0160057-e0160057 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1812545737 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adenosine triphosphatase Adult ATP ATP synthase Biology Biology and Life Sciences Body mass Catalysis Cell culture Cells, Cultured Diabetes Dietary Fats - administration & dosage DNA methylation Efficiency Epigenesis, Genetic Esterification Exposure F1-ATPase Fatty acids Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - metabolism Female Gene expression Glucose Humans Inhibitors Insulin resistance Life sciences Lipids Male Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism MicroRNAs - genetics MicroRNAs - metabolism miRNA Mitochondria Mitochondria, Muscle - enzymology Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases - genetics Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases - metabolism Muscle Development - genetics Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - enzymology Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - metabolism Muscle Proteins - biosynthesis Muscle Proteins - genetics Muscles Musculoskeletal system MyoD Protein - genetics Myogenin - genetics Myotubes Obesity Obesity - blood Obesity - genetics Obesity - metabolism Physiology Plasma Protein biosynthesis Protein metabolism Protein synthesis Protein turnover Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Rodents Skeletal muscle Thinness - blood Thinness - genetics Thinness - metabolism Translation Weight control |
| title | Prolonged Exposure of Primary Human Muscle Cells to Plasma Fatty Acids Associated with Obese Phenotype Induces Persistent Suppression of Muscle Mitochondrial ATP Synthase β Subunit |
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