'Robot' Hand Illusion under Delayed Visual Feedback: Relationship between the Senses of Ownership and Agency
The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is an illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that is touched synchronously with one's own hand. While the RHI relates to visual and tactile integration, we can also consider a similar illusion with visual and motor integration on a fake hand. We call this...
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| description | The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is an illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that is touched synchronously with one's own hand. While the RHI relates to visual and tactile integration, we can also consider a similar illusion with visual and motor integration on a fake hand. We call this a "robot hand illusion" (RoHI), which relates to both the senses of ownership and agency. Here we investigate the effect of delayed visual feedback on the RoHI. Participants viewed a virtual computer graphic hand controlled by their hand movement recorded using a data glove device. We inserted delays of various lengths between the participant's hand and the virtual hand movements (90-590 ms), and the RoHI effects for each delay condition were systematically tested using a questionnaire. The results showed that the participants felt significantly greater RoHI effects with temporal discrepancies of less than 190 ms compared with longer temporal discrepancies, both in the senses of ownership and agency. Additionally, participants felt significant, but weaker, RoHI effects with temporal discrepancies of 290-490 ms in the sense of agency, but not in the sense of ownership. The participants did not feel a RoHI with temporal discrepancies of 590 ms in either the senses of agency or ownership. Our results suggest that a time window of less than 200 ms is critical for multi-sensory integration processes constituting self-body image. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0159619 |
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While the RHI relates to visual and tactile integration, we can also consider a similar illusion with visual and motor integration on a fake hand. We call this a "robot hand illusion" (RoHI), which relates to both the senses of ownership and agency. Here we investigate the effect of delayed visual feedback on the RoHI. Participants viewed a virtual computer graphic hand controlled by their hand movement recorded using a data glove device. We inserted delays of various lengths between the participant's hand and the virtual hand movements (90-590 ms), and the RoHI effects for each delay condition were systematically tested using a questionnaire. The results showed that the participants felt significantly greater RoHI effects with temporal discrepancies of less than 190 ms compared with longer temporal discrepancies, both in the senses of ownership and agency. Additionally, participants felt significant, but weaker, RoHI effects with temporal discrepancies of 290-490 ms in the sense of agency, but not in the sense of ownership. The participants did not feel a RoHI with temporal discrepancies of 590 ms in either the senses of agency or ownership. Our results suggest that a time window of less than 200 ms is critical for multi-sensory integration processes constituting self-body image.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159619</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27454579</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adaptation ; Adult ; Analysis ; Artificial Limbs ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Body image ; Cognition & reasoning ; Computer and Information Sciences ; Consciousness ; Engineering and Technology ; Experiments ; Feedback ; Feedback, Sensory ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Illusions - psychology ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Neurosciences ; Ownership ; Physical Sciences ; Proprioception ; Psychomotor performance ; Reaction Time ; Robot arms ; Robotics ; Robots ; Senses ; Sensorimotor integration ; Sensory integration ; Sensory systems ; Social Sciences ; Tactile sensors (robotics) ; Touch ; Touch Perception ; Visual effects ; Visual Perception ; Windows (intervals) ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-07, Vol.11 (7), p.e0159619-e0159619</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Ismail, Shimada. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Ismail, Shimada 2016 Ismail, Shimada</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c791t-e82df446840887e12aabb98b9597a34dff375258df7b3fc16f72f75142dae7483</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c791t-e82df446840887e12aabb98b9597a34dff375258df7b3fc16f72f75142dae7483</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7509-0069</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4959734/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4959734/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27454579$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Proulx, Michael J</contributor><creatorcontrib>Ismail, Mohamad Arif Fahmi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shimada, Sotaro</creatorcontrib><title>'Robot' Hand Illusion under Delayed Visual Feedback: Relationship between the Senses of Ownership and Agency</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is an illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that is touched synchronously with one's own hand. While the RHI relates to visual and tactile integration, we can also consider a similar illusion with visual and motor integration on a fake hand. We call this a "robot hand illusion" (RoHI), which relates to both the senses of ownership and agency. Here we investigate the effect of delayed visual feedback on the RoHI. Participants viewed a virtual computer graphic hand controlled by their hand movement recorded using a data glove device. We inserted delays of various lengths between the participant's hand and the virtual hand movements (90-590 ms), and the RoHI effects for each delay condition were systematically tested using a questionnaire. The results showed that the participants felt significantly greater RoHI effects with temporal discrepancies of less than 190 ms compared with longer temporal discrepancies, both in the senses of ownership and agency. Additionally, participants felt significant, but weaker, RoHI effects with temporal discrepancies of 290-490 ms in the sense of agency, but not in the sense of ownership. The participants did not feel a RoHI with temporal discrepancies of 590 ms in either the senses of agency or ownership. Our results suggest that a time window of less than 200 ms is critical for multi-sensory integration processes constituting self-body image.</description><subject>Adaptation</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Artificial Limbs</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Body image</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Computer and Information Sciences</subject><subject>Consciousness</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Feedback</subject><subject>Feedback, Sensory</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hand</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illusions - psychology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Ownership</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Proprioception</subject><subject>Psychomotor performance</subject><subject>Reaction 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One</addtitle><date>2016-07-25</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0159619</spage><epage>e0159619</epage><pages>e0159619-e0159619</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is an illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that is touched synchronously with one's own hand. While the RHI relates to visual and tactile integration, we can also consider a similar illusion with visual and motor integration on a fake hand. We call this a "robot hand illusion" (RoHI), which relates to both the senses of ownership and agency. Here we investigate the effect of delayed visual feedback on the RoHI. Participants viewed a virtual computer graphic hand controlled by their hand movement recorded using a data glove device. We inserted delays of various lengths between the participant's hand and the virtual hand movements (90-590 ms), and the RoHI effects for each delay condition were systematically tested using a questionnaire. The results showed that the participants felt significantly greater RoHI effects with temporal discrepancies of less than 190 ms compared with longer temporal discrepancies, both in the senses of ownership and agency. Additionally, participants felt significant, but weaker, RoHI effects with temporal discrepancies of 290-490 ms in the sense of agency, but not in the sense of ownership. The participants did not feel a RoHI with temporal discrepancies of 590 ms in either the senses of agency or ownership. Our results suggest that a time window of less than 200 ms is critical for multi-sensory integration processes constituting self-body image.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27454579</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0159619</doi><tpages>e0159619</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-0069</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adaptation Adult Analysis Artificial Limbs Biology and Life Sciences Body image Cognition & reasoning Computer and Information Sciences Consciousness Engineering and Technology Experiments Feedback Feedback, Sensory Female Hand Humans Illusions - psychology Male Medicine and Health Sciences Neurosciences Ownership Physical Sciences Proprioception Psychomotor performance Reaction Time Robot arms Robotics Robots Senses Sensorimotor integration Sensory integration Sensory systems Social Sciences Tactile sensors (robotics) Touch Touch Perception Visual effects Visual Perception Windows (intervals) Young Adult |
| title | 'Robot' Hand Illusion under Delayed Visual Feedback: Relationship between the Senses of Ownership and Agency |
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