Effect of the Ketone Body Beta-Hydroxybutyrate on the Innate Defense Capability of Primary Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Negative energy balance and ketosis are thought to cause impaired immune function and to increase the risk of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of elevated levels of the predominant ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on the innate defense capabili...
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| description | Negative energy balance and ketosis are thought to cause impaired immune function and to increase the risk of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of elevated levels of the predominant ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on the innate defense capability of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbMEC) challenged with the mastitis pathogen Escherichia coli (E. coli). Therefore, pbMEC of healthy dairy cows in mid- lactation were isolated from milk and challenged in culture with 3 mM BHBA and E. coli. pbMEC stimulated with E. coli for 6 h or 30 h showed an up-regulation of several innate immune genes, whereas co-stimulation of pbMEC with 3 mM BHBA and E. coli resulted in the down-regulation of CCL2, SAA3, LF and C3 gene expression compared to the challenge with solely the bacterial stimulus. These results indicated that increased BHBA concentrations may be partially responsible for the higher mastitis susceptibility of dairy cows in early lactation. Elevated levels of BHBA in blood and milk during negative energy balance and ketosis are likely to impair innate immune function in the bovine mammary gland by attenuating the expression of a broad range of innate immune genes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0157774 |
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The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of elevated levels of the predominant ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on the innate defense capability of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbMEC) challenged with the mastitis pathogen Escherichia coli (E. coli). Therefore, pbMEC of healthy dairy cows in mid- lactation were isolated from milk and challenged in culture with 3 mM BHBA and E. coli. pbMEC stimulated with E. coli for 6 h or 30 h showed an up-regulation of several innate immune genes, whereas co-stimulation of pbMEC with 3 mM BHBA and E. coli resulted in the down-regulation of CCL2, SAA3, LF and C3 gene expression compared to the challenge with solely the bacterial stimulus. These results indicated that increased BHBA concentrations may be partially responsible for the higher mastitis susceptibility of dairy cows in early lactation. Elevated levels of BHBA in blood and milk during negative energy balance and ketosis are likely to impair innate immune function in the bovine mammary gland by attenuating the expression of a broad range of innate immune genes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157774</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27310007</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - pharmacology ; Animal lactation ; Animals ; Antibiotics ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Bovidae ; C3 gene ; Cattle ; Cell culture ; Chemokine CCL2 - genetics ; Chemokine CCL2 - immunology ; Complement C3 - genetics ; Complement C3 - metabolism ; Cytokines ; Dairy cattle ; E coli ; Energy balance ; Energy Metabolism - drug effects ; Energy Metabolism - immunology ; Epidemiology ; Epithelial cells ; Epithelial Cells - drug effects ; Epithelial Cells - immunology ; Epithelial Cells - microbiology ; Escherichia coli ; Escherichia coli - growth & development ; Female ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Immune response ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunology ; Ketones ; Ketosis ; Lactation ; Lactoferrin - genetics ; Lactoferrin - immunology ; Mammary gland ; Mammary Glands, Animal - immunology ; Mammary Glands, Animal - microbiology ; Mastitis ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolism ; Milk ; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 ; Mycoplasma ; Physiology ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Serum Amyloid A Protein - genetics ; Serum Amyloid A Protein - immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Toll-Like Receptors - genetics ; Toll-Like Receptors - immunology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-06, Vol.11 (6), p.e0157774-e0157774</ispartof><rights>2016 Hillreiner et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Hillreiner et al 2016 Hillreiner et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c559t-68aba20a2f9d77834f3ea5108e6040377e7fdc6f0644b285dfe9e2dd40d1480c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c559t-68aba20a2f9d77834f3ea5108e6040377e7fdc6f0644b285dfe9e2dd40d1480c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6719-7539</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4910980/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4910980/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27310007$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Brockmann, Gudrun A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hillreiner, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flinspach, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pfaffl, Michael W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kliem, Heike</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of the Ketone Body Beta-Hydroxybutyrate on the Innate Defense Capability of Primary Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Negative energy balance and ketosis are thought to cause impaired immune function and to increase the risk of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of elevated levels of the predominant ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on the innate defense capability of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbMEC) challenged with the mastitis pathogen Escherichia coli (E. coli). Therefore, pbMEC of healthy dairy cows in mid- lactation were isolated from milk and challenged in culture with 3 mM BHBA and E. coli. pbMEC stimulated with E. coli for 6 h or 30 h showed an up-regulation of several innate immune genes, whereas co-stimulation of pbMEC with 3 mM BHBA and E. coli resulted in the down-regulation of CCL2, SAA3, LF and C3 gene expression compared to the challenge with solely the bacterial stimulus. These results indicated that increased BHBA concentrations may be partially responsible for the higher mastitis susceptibility of dairy cows in early lactation. Elevated levels of BHBA in blood and milk during negative energy balance and ketosis are likely to impair innate immune function in the bovine mammary gland by attenuating the expression of a broad range of innate immune genes.</description><subject>3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - pharmacology</subject><subject>Animal lactation</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Bovidae</subject><subject>C3 gene</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Chemokine CCL2 - genetics</subject><subject>Chemokine CCL2 - immunology</subject><subject>Complement C3 - genetics</subject><subject>Complement C3 - metabolism</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Dairy cattle</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Energy balance</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism - drug effects</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism - immunology</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Epithelial cells</subject><subject>Epithelial Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Epithelial Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Epithelial Cells - microbiology</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - growth & development</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Profiling</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immunity, Innate</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Ketones</subject><subject>Ketosis</subject><subject>Lactation</subject><subject>Lactoferrin - genetics</subject><subject>Lactoferrin - immunology</subject><subject>Mammary gland</subject><subject>Mammary Glands, Animal - immunology</subject><subject>Mammary Glands, Animal - microbiology</subject><subject>Mastitis</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1</subject><subject>Mycoplasma</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Serum Amyloid A Protein - 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pharmacology</topic><topic>Animal lactation</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Bovidae</topic><topic>C3 gene</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Cell culture</topic><topic>Chemokine CCL2 - genetics</topic><topic>Chemokine CCL2 - immunology</topic><topic>Complement C3 - genetics</topic><topic>Complement C3 - metabolism</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Dairy cattle</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Energy balance</topic><topic>Energy Metabolism - drug effects</topic><topic>Energy Metabolism - immunology</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Epithelial cells</topic><topic>Epithelial Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Epithelial Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Epithelial Cells - microbiology</topic><topic>Escherichia coli</topic><topic>Escherichia coli - growth & development</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Profiling</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Immunity, Innate</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Ketones</topic><topic>Ketosis</topic><topic>Lactation</topic><topic>Lactoferrin - 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The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of elevated levels of the predominant ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on the innate defense capability of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbMEC) challenged with the mastitis pathogen Escherichia coli (E. coli). Therefore, pbMEC of healthy dairy cows in mid- lactation were isolated from milk and challenged in culture with 3 mM BHBA and E. coli. pbMEC stimulated with E. coli for 6 h or 30 h showed an up-regulation of several innate immune genes, whereas co-stimulation of pbMEC with 3 mM BHBA and E. coli resulted in the down-regulation of CCL2, SAA3, LF and C3 gene expression compared to the challenge with solely the bacterial stimulus. These results indicated that increased BHBA concentrations may be partially responsible for the higher mastitis susceptibility of dairy cows in early lactation. Elevated levels of BHBA in blood and milk during negative energy balance and ketosis are likely to impair innate immune function in the bovine mammary gland by attenuating the expression of a broad range of innate immune genes.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27310007</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0157774</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6719-7539</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - pharmacology Animal lactation Animals Antibiotics Biology and Life Sciences Bovidae C3 gene Cattle Cell culture Chemokine CCL2 - genetics Chemokine CCL2 - immunology Complement C3 - genetics Complement C3 - metabolism Cytokines Dairy cattle E coli Energy balance Energy Metabolism - drug effects Energy Metabolism - immunology Epidemiology Epithelial cells Epithelial Cells - drug effects Epithelial Cells - immunology Epithelial Cells - microbiology Escherichia coli Escherichia coli - growth & development Female Gene expression Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation Genes Immune response Immunity, Innate Immunology Ketones Ketosis Lactation Lactoferrin - genetics Lactoferrin - immunology Mammary gland Mammary Glands, Animal - immunology Mammary Glands, Animal - microbiology Mastitis Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism Milk Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 Mycoplasma Physiology Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Serum Amyloid A Protein - genetics Serum Amyloid A Protein - immunology Signal Transduction Staphylococcus aureus Toll-Like Receptors - genetics Toll-Like Receptors - immunology |
| title | Effect of the Ketone Body Beta-Hydroxybutyrate on the Innate Defense Capability of Primary Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-01T11%3A15%3A59IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effect%20of%20the%20Ketone%20Body%20Beta-Hydroxybutyrate%20on%20the%20Innate%20Defense%20Capability%20of%20Primary%20Bovine%20Mammary%20Epithelial%20Cells&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Hillreiner,%20Maria&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=e0157774&rft.epage=e0157774&rft.pages=e0157774-e0157774&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0157774&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E4091992231%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1797551157&rft_id=info:pmid/27310007&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_7896b77382f7424a8aabd3df1a52f942&rfr_iscdi=true |