207-nm UV Light-A Promising Tool for Safe Low-Cost Reduction of Surgical Site Infections. II: In-Vivo Safety Studies
UVC light generated by conventional germicidal lamps is a well-established anti-microbial modality, effective against both bacteria and viruses. However, it is a human health hazard, being both carcinogenic and cataractogenic. Earlier studies showed that single-wavelength far-UVC light (207 nm) gene...
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| description | UVC light generated by conventional germicidal lamps is a well-established anti-microbial modality, effective against both bacteria and viruses. However, it is a human health hazard, being both carcinogenic and cataractogenic. Earlier studies showed that single-wavelength far-UVC light (207 nm) generated by excimer lamps kills bacteria without apparent harm to human skin tissue in vitro. The biophysical explanation is that, due to its extremely short range in biological material, 207 nm UV light cannot penetrate the human stratum corneum (the outer dead-cell skin layer, thickness 5-20 μm) nor even the cytoplasm of individual human cells. By contrast, 207 nm UV light can penetrate bacteria and viruses because these cells are physically much smaller.
To test the biophysically-based hypothesis that 207 nm UV light is not cytotoxic to exposed mammalian skin in vivo.
Hairless mice were exposed to a bactericidal UV fluence of 157 mJ/cm2 delivered by a filtered Kr-Br excimer lamp producing monoenergetic 207-nm UV light, or delivered by a conventional 254-nm UV germicidal lamp. Sham irradiations constituted the negative control. Eight relevant cellular and molecular damage endpoints including epidermal hyperplasia, pre-mutagenic UV-associated DNA lesions, skin inflammation, and normal cell proliferation and differentiation were evaluated in mice dorsal skin harvested 48 h after UV exposure.
While conventional germicidal UV (254 nm) exposure produced significant effects for all the studied skin damage endpoints, the same fluence of 207 nm UV light produced results that were not statistically distinguishable from the zero exposure controls.
As predicted by biophysical considerations and in agreement with earlier in vitro studies, 207-nm light does not appear to be significantly cytotoxic to mouse skin. These results suggest that excimer-based far-UVC light could potentially be used for its anti-microbial properties, but without the associated hazards to skin of conventional germicidal UV lamps. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0138418 |
| format | Article |
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To test the biophysically-based hypothesis that 207 nm UV light is not cytotoxic to exposed mammalian skin in vivo.
Hairless mice were exposed to a bactericidal UV fluence of 157 mJ/cm2 delivered by a filtered Kr-Br excimer lamp producing monoenergetic 207-nm UV light, or delivered by a conventional 254-nm UV germicidal lamp. Sham irradiations constituted the negative control. Eight relevant cellular and molecular damage endpoints including epidermal hyperplasia, pre-mutagenic UV-associated DNA lesions, skin inflammation, and normal cell proliferation and differentiation were evaluated in mice dorsal skin harvested 48 h after UV exposure.
While conventional germicidal UV (254 nm) exposure produced significant effects for all the studied skin damage endpoints, the same fluence of 207 nm UV light produced results that were not statistically distinguishable from the zero exposure controls.
As predicted by biophysical considerations and in agreement with earlier in vitro studies, 207-nm light does not appear to be significantly cytotoxic to mouse skin. These results suggest that excimer-based far-UVC light could potentially be used for its anti-microbial properties, but without the associated hazards to skin of conventional germicidal UV lamps.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138418</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27275949</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antiinfectives and antibacterials ; Bacteria ; Biological materials ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Carcinogens ; Care and treatment ; Cell proliferation ; Cytoplasm ; Cytotoxicity ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Dermatology ; DNA ; Drug resistance ; Epidermis - metabolism ; Epidermis - microbiology ; Exposure ; Fluence ; Hairless ; Hazards ; Health hazards ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; In vivo methods and tests ; Joint surgery ; Keratin ; Lamps ; Lesions ; Light ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless ; Microorganisms ; Molecular chains ; Nosocomial infections ; Outdoor air quality ; Physical sciences ; Predictive control ; Radiation damage ; Skin ; Skin diseases ; Staphylococcus infections ; Stratum corneum ; Surgery ; Surgical instruments ; Surgical site infections ; Surgical Wound Infection - therapy ; Thickness ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-06, Vol.11 (6), p.e0138418</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Buonanno et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Buonanno et al 2016 Buonanno et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c791t-2eb78a1697fc722b31e9eade2e9507e08065e4e03fe974a6f79ebb7ede6758c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c791t-2eb78a1697fc722b31e9eade2e9507e08065e4e03fe974a6f79ebb7ede6758c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4898708/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4898708/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2100,2926,23865,27923,27924,53790,53792,79371,79372</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27275949$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Fornace, Albert J.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Buonanno, Manuela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stanislauskas, Milda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ponnaiya, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bigelow, Alan W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Randers-Pehrson, Gerhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Yanping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shuryak, Igor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smilenov, Lubomir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Owens, David M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brenner, David J</creatorcontrib><title>207-nm UV Light-A Promising Tool for Safe Low-Cost Reduction of Surgical Site Infections. II: In-Vivo Safety Studies</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>UVC light generated by conventional germicidal lamps is a well-established anti-microbial modality, effective against both bacteria and viruses. However, it is a human health hazard, being both carcinogenic and cataractogenic. Earlier studies showed that single-wavelength far-UVC light (207 nm) generated by excimer lamps kills bacteria without apparent harm to human skin tissue in vitro. The biophysical explanation is that, due to its extremely short range in biological material, 207 nm UV light cannot penetrate the human stratum corneum (the outer dead-cell skin layer, thickness 5-20 μm) nor even the cytoplasm of individual human cells. By contrast, 207 nm UV light can penetrate bacteria and viruses because these cells are physically much smaller.
To test the biophysically-based hypothesis that 207 nm UV light is not cytotoxic to exposed mammalian skin in vivo.
Hairless mice were exposed to a bactericidal UV fluence of 157 mJ/cm2 delivered by a filtered Kr-Br excimer lamp producing monoenergetic 207-nm UV light, or delivered by a conventional 254-nm UV germicidal lamp. Sham irradiations constituted the negative control. Eight relevant cellular and molecular damage endpoints including epidermal hyperplasia, pre-mutagenic UV-associated DNA lesions, skin inflammation, and normal cell proliferation and differentiation were evaluated in mice dorsal skin harvested 48 h after UV exposure.
While conventional germicidal UV (254 nm) exposure produced significant effects for all the studied skin damage endpoints, the same fluence of 207 nm UV light produced results that were not statistically distinguishable from the zero exposure controls.
As predicted by biophysical considerations and in agreement with earlier in vitro studies, 207-nm light does not appear to be significantly cytotoxic to mouse skin. These results suggest that excimer-based far-UVC light could potentially be used for its anti-microbial properties, but without the associated hazards to skin of conventional germicidal UV lamps.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biological materials</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Cell proliferation</subject><subject>Cytoplasm</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Dermatology</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Epidermis - metabolism</subject><subject>Epidermis - microbiology</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Fluence</subject><subject>Hairless</subject><subject>Hazards</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyperplasia</subject><subject>In vivo methods and tests</subject><subject>Joint surgery</subject><subject>Keratin</subject><subject>Lamps</subject><subject>Lesions</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Hairless</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Molecular chains</subject><subject>Nosocomial infections</subject><subject>Outdoor air quality</subject><subject>Physical sciences</subject><subject>Predictive control</subject><subject>Radiation damage</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Skin diseases</subject><subject>Staphylococcus infections</subject><subject>Stratum corneum</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Surgical instruments</subject><subject>Surgical site infections</subject><subject>Surgical Wound Infection - 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II: In-Vivo Safety Studies</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-06-08</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0138418</spage><pages>e0138418-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>UVC light generated by conventional germicidal lamps is a well-established anti-microbial modality, effective against both bacteria and viruses. However, it is a human health hazard, being both carcinogenic and cataractogenic. Earlier studies showed that single-wavelength far-UVC light (207 nm) generated by excimer lamps kills bacteria without apparent harm to human skin tissue in vitro. The biophysical explanation is that, due to its extremely short range in biological material, 207 nm UV light cannot penetrate the human stratum corneum (the outer dead-cell skin layer, thickness 5-20 μm) nor even the cytoplasm of individual human cells. By contrast, 207 nm UV light can penetrate bacteria and viruses because these cells are physically much smaller.
To test the biophysically-based hypothesis that 207 nm UV light is not cytotoxic to exposed mammalian skin in vivo.
Hairless mice were exposed to a bactericidal UV fluence of 157 mJ/cm2 delivered by a filtered Kr-Br excimer lamp producing monoenergetic 207-nm UV light, or delivered by a conventional 254-nm UV germicidal lamp. Sham irradiations constituted the negative control. Eight relevant cellular and molecular damage endpoints including epidermal hyperplasia, pre-mutagenic UV-associated DNA lesions, skin inflammation, and normal cell proliferation and differentiation were evaluated in mice dorsal skin harvested 48 h after UV exposure.
While conventional germicidal UV (254 nm) exposure produced significant effects for all the studied skin damage endpoints, the same fluence of 207 nm UV light produced results that were not statistically distinguishable from the zero exposure controls.
As predicted by biophysical considerations and in agreement with earlier in vitro studies, 207-nm light does not appear to be significantly cytotoxic to mouse skin. These results suggest that excimer-based far-UVC light could potentially be used for its anti-microbial properties, but without the associated hazards to skin of conventional germicidal UV lamps.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27275949</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0138418</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1794822627 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animals Antiinfectives and antibacterials Bacteria Biological materials Biology and Life Sciences Carcinogens Care and treatment Cell proliferation Cytoplasm Cytotoxicity Deoxyribonucleic acid Dermatology DNA Drug resistance Epidermis - metabolism Epidermis - microbiology Exposure Fluence Hairless Hazards Health hazards Humans Hyperplasia In vivo methods and tests Joint surgery Keratin Lamps Lesions Light Male Medicine and Health Sciences Mice Mice, Hairless Microorganisms Molecular chains Nosocomial infections Outdoor air quality Physical sciences Predictive control Radiation damage Skin Skin diseases Staphylococcus infections Stratum corneum Surgery Surgical instruments Surgical site infections Surgical Wound Infection - therapy Thickness Ultraviolet radiation Ultraviolet Rays Viruses |
| title | 207-nm UV Light-A Promising Tool for Safe Low-Cost Reduction of Surgical Site Infections. II: In-Vivo Safety Studies |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-11T18%3A23%3A14IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=207-nm%20UV%20Light-A%20Promising%20Tool%20for%20Safe%20Low-Cost%20Reduction%20of%20Surgical%20Site%20Infections.%20II:%20In-Vivo%20Safety%20Studies&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Buonanno,%20Manuela&rft.date=2016-06-08&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=e0138418&rft.pages=e0138418-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138418&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA454562816%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1794822627&rft_id=info:pmid/27275949&rft_galeid=A454562816&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_a08265824d4c481c9f0cd5790337fbc6&rfr_iscdi=true |