Socioeconomic Gradient in Childhood Obesity and Hypertension: A Multilevel Population-Based Study in a Chinese Community
This study aims to assess evidence for any socioeconomic gradients in childhood obesity and hypertension in a population-representative sample in Hong Kong, China. The data of a stratified random sampled growth survey collected in 2005-2006 was matched with a population by-census. Obesity was define...
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| creator | Ip, Patrick Ho, Frederick Ka Wing So, Hung-Kwan Chan, Dorothy Fung-Ying Ho, Matthew Tso, Winnie Nelson, E Anthony S |
| description | This study aims to assess evidence for any socioeconomic gradients in childhood obesity and hypertension in a population-representative sample in Hong Kong, China.
The data of a stratified random sampled growth survey collected in 2005-2006 was matched with a population by-census. Obesity was defined using the International Obesity Task Force standard and hypertension was defined using the Hong Kong norm table. Family socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by maternal education level. Neighbourhood SES was measured by median household income of the neighbourhood. Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust standard error were used to test the association. Body mass indices of children's parents were included as potential confounders. Intra-school/neighbourhood correlations were adjusted using random factors.
Totally 14842 children (age 6-19 years) included in the analysis, in which 16.6% of them were overweight or obese. Children whose mother only completed secondary school or below had higher risk of childhood obesity (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.13-1.76, p = 0.003) and hypertension (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.36, p = 0.03). Meanwhile, children in the lowest neighbourhood SES group had higher risk of childhood underweight (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.04-2.49, p = 0.03), overweight (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.72, p = 0.02), and obesity (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.11-3.88, p = 0.02).
Socioeconomic gradient in childhood obesity and hypertension existed in Hong Kong, one of the most developed cities in China. These results have implications for policymakers and public health experts and highlight the need to monitor trends in other parts of China. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0156945 |
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The data of a stratified random sampled growth survey collected in 2005-2006 was matched with a population by-census. Obesity was defined using the International Obesity Task Force standard and hypertension was defined using the Hong Kong norm table. Family socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by maternal education level. Neighbourhood SES was measured by median household income of the neighbourhood. Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust standard error were used to test the association. Body mass indices of children's parents were included as potential confounders. Intra-school/neighbourhood correlations were adjusted using random factors.
Totally 14842 children (age 6-19 years) included in the analysis, in which 16.6% of them were overweight or obese. Children whose mother only completed secondary school or below had higher risk of childhood obesity (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.13-1.76, p = 0.003) and hypertension (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.36, p = 0.03). Meanwhile, children in the lowest neighbourhood SES group had higher risk of childhood underweight (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.04-2.49, p = 0.03), overweight (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.72, p = 0.02), and obesity (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.11-3.88, p = 0.02).
Socioeconomic gradient in childhood obesity and hypertension existed in Hong Kong, one of the most developed cities in China. These results have implications for policymakers and public health experts and highlight the need to monitor trends in other parts of China.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156945</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27258094</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Analysis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Body mass ; Body weight ; Censuses ; Child ; Childhood ; Childhood obesity ; Children ; Children & youth ; China - epidemiology ; Developing countries ; Exercise ; Families & family life ; Family income ; Female ; Health aspects ; Health education ; Health literacy ; Hong Kong - epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension - epidemiology ; Hypertension - etiology ; Industrialized nations ; Influence ; LDCs ; Male ; Mediation ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Overweight - epidemiology ; Overweight - etiology ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity - epidemiology ; Pediatric Obesity - etiology ; Pediatrics ; People and places ; Physical fitness ; Poisson density functions ; Population ; Population studies ; Population-based studies ; Prevalence ; Public health ; Questionnaires ; Regression analysis ; Regression models ; Risk factors ; Robustness (mathematics) ; Social Class ; Social Sciences ; Socio-economic aspects ; Socioeconomic factors ; Socioeconomics ; Standard error ; Statistical analysis ; Students ; Surveys ; Underweight ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-06, Vol.11 (6), p.e0156945-e0156945</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Ip et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Ip et al 2016 Ip et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-8d33c848806fb561388f31c4275324ee628a21799140e7991b75b8da66de894f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-8d33c848806fb561388f31c4275324ee628a21799140e7991b75b8da66de894f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4892679/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4892679/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27258094$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ip, Patrick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Frederick Ka Wing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>So, Hung-Kwan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Dorothy Fung-Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tso, Winnie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nelson, E Anthony S</creatorcontrib><title>Socioeconomic Gradient in Childhood Obesity and Hypertension: A Multilevel Population-Based Study in a Chinese Community</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>This study aims to assess evidence for any socioeconomic gradients in childhood obesity and hypertension in a population-representative sample in Hong Kong, China.
The data of a stratified random sampled growth survey collected in 2005-2006 was matched with a population by-census. Obesity was defined using the International Obesity Task Force standard and hypertension was defined using the Hong Kong norm table. Family socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by maternal education level. Neighbourhood SES was measured by median household income of the neighbourhood. Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust standard error were used to test the association. Body mass indices of children's parents were included as potential confounders. Intra-school/neighbourhood correlations were adjusted using random factors.
Totally 14842 children (age 6-19 years) included in the analysis, in which 16.6% of them were overweight or obese. Children whose mother only completed secondary school or below had higher risk of childhood obesity (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.13-1.76, p = 0.003) and hypertension (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.36, p = 0.03). Meanwhile, children in the lowest neighbourhood SES group had higher risk of childhood underweight (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.04-2.49, p = 0.03), overweight (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.72, p = 0.02), and obesity (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.11-3.88, p = 0.02).
Socioeconomic gradient in childhood obesity and hypertension existed in Hong Kong, one of the most developed cities in China. These results have implications for policymakers and public health experts and highlight the need to monitor trends in other parts of China.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Censuses</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Childhood</subject><subject>Childhood obesity</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>China - epidemiology</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Families & family life</subject><subject>Family income</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health education</subject><subject>Health literacy</subject><subject>Hong Kong - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Hypertension - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hypertension - etiology</subject><subject>Industrialized nations</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mediation</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Overweight - epidemiology</subject><subject>Overweight - etiology</subject><subject>Parents</subject><subject>Pediatric Obesity - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pediatric Obesity - etiology</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>People and places</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><subject>Poisson density functions</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Population-based studies</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Regression models</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Robustness (mathematics)</subject><subject>Social Class</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Socio-economic aspects</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Socioeconomics</subject><subject>Standard error</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Underweight</subject><subject>Young 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Gradient in Childhood Obesity and Hypertension: A Multilevel Population-Based Study in a Chinese Community</title><author>Ip, Patrick ; Ho, Frederick Ka Wing ; So, Hung-Kwan ; Chan, Dorothy Fung-Ying ; Ho, Matthew ; Tso, Winnie ; Nelson, E Anthony S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-8d33c848806fb561388f31c4275324ee628a21799140e7991b75b8da66de894f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Censuses</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Childhood</topic><topic>Childhood obesity</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>China - epidemiology</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Families & family life</topic><topic>Family 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and Hypertension: A Multilevel Population-Based Study in a Chinese Community</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-06-03</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0156945</spage><epage>e0156945</epage><pages>e0156945-e0156945</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>This study aims to assess evidence for any socioeconomic gradients in childhood obesity and hypertension in a population-representative sample in Hong Kong, China.
The data of a stratified random sampled growth survey collected in 2005-2006 was matched with a population by-census. Obesity was defined using the International Obesity Task Force standard and hypertension was defined using the Hong Kong norm table. Family socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by maternal education level. Neighbourhood SES was measured by median household income of the neighbourhood. Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust standard error were used to test the association. Body mass indices of children's parents were included as potential confounders. Intra-school/neighbourhood correlations were adjusted using random factors.
Totally 14842 children (age 6-19 years) included in the analysis, in which 16.6% of them were overweight or obese. Children whose mother only completed secondary school or below had higher risk of childhood obesity (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.13-1.76, p = 0.003) and hypertension (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.36, p = 0.03). Meanwhile, children in the lowest neighbourhood SES group had higher risk of childhood underweight (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.04-2.49, p = 0.03), overweight (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.72, p = 0.02), and obesity (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.11-3.88, p = 0.02).
Socioeconomic gradient in childhood obesity and hypertension existed in Hong Kong, one of the most developed cities in China. These results have implications for policymakers and public health experts and highlight the need to monitor trends in other parts of China.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27258094</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0156945</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1793753404 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adolescent Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Body mass Body weight Censuses Child Childhood Childhood obesity Children Children & youth China - epidemiology Developing countries Exercise Families & family life Family income Female Health aspects Health education Health literacy Hong Kong - epidemiology Humans Hypertension Hypertension - epidemiology Hypertension - etiology Industrialized nations Influence LDCs Male Mediation Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Obesity Overweight Overweight - epidemiology Overweight - etiology Parents Pediatric Obesity - epidemiology Pediatric Obesity - etiology Pediatrics People and places Physical fitness Poisson density functions Population Population studies Population-based studies Prevalence Public health Questionnaires Regression analysis Regression models Risk factors Robustness (mathematics) Social Class Social Sciences Socio-economic aspects Socioeconomic factors Socioeconomics Standard error Statistical analysis Students Surveys Underweight Young Adult |
| title | Socioeconomic Gradient in Childhood Obesity and Hypertension: A Multilevel Population-Based Study in a Chinese Community |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-10T00%3A54%3A04IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Socioeconomic%20Gradient%20in%20Childhood%20Obesity%20and%20Hypertension:%20A%20Multilevel%20Population-Based%20Study%20in%20a%20Chinese%20Community&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Ip,%20Patrick&rft.date=2016-06-03&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=e0156945&rft.epage=e0156945&rft.pages=e0156945-e0156945&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0156945&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA454205519%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1793753404&rft_id=info:pmid/27258094&rft_galeid=A454205519&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_c05b536ed5cb46a499d4bc8fe8a8bf1b&rfr_iscdi=true |