A New Centrosaurine Ceratopsid, Machairoceratops cronusi gen et sp. nov., from the Upper Sand Member of the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Southern Utah
The Upper Cretaceous (middle-late Campanian) Wahweap Formation of southern Utah contains the oldest diagnostic evidence of ceratopsids (to date, all centrosaurines) in North America, with a number of specimens recovered from throughout a unit that spans between 81 and 77 Ma. Only a single specimen h...
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| description | The Upper Cretaceous (middle-late Campanian) Wahweap Formation of southern Utah contains the oldest diagnostic evidence of ceratopsids (to date, all centrosaurines) in North America, with a number of specimens recovered from throughout a unit that spans between 81 and 77 Ma. Only a single specimen has been formally named, Diabloceratops eatoni, from the lower middle member of the formation. Machairoceratops cronusi gen. et sp. nov., a new centrosaurine ceratopsid from the upper member of the Wahweap Formation, is here described based on cranial material representing a single individual recovered from a calcareous mudstone. The specimen consists of two curved and elongate orbital horncores, a left jugal, a nearly complete, slightly deformed braincase, the left squamosal, and a mostly complete parietal ornamented by posteriorly projected, anterodorsally curved, elongate spikes on either side of a midline embayment. The fan-shaped, stepped-squamosal is diagnostic of Centrosaurinae, however, this element differs from the rectangular squamosal in Diabloceratops. Machairoceratops also differs in the possession of two anterodorsally (rather than laterally) curved epiparietal ornamentations on either side of a midline embayment that are distinguished by a posteromedially-oriented sulcus along the entire length of the epiparietal. Additionally, the parietosquamosal frill is lacking any other epiossifications along its periphery. Machairoceratops shares a triangular (rather than round) frill and spike-like epiparietal loci (p1) ornamentation with the stratigraphically lower Diabloceratops. Both parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses place Machairoceratops as an early-branching centrosaurine. However, the parsimony-based analysis provides little resolution for the position of the new taxon, placing it in an unresolved polytomy with Diabloceratops. The resultant Bayesian topology yielded better resolution, aligning Machairoceratops as the definitive sister taxon to a clade formed by Diabloceratops and Albertaceratops. Considered together, both phylogenetic methods unequivocally place Machairoceratops as an early-branching centrosaurine, and given the biostratigraphic position of Machairoceratops, these details increase the known ceratopsid diversity from both the Wahweap Formation and the southern portion of Laramidia. Finally, the unique morphology of the parietal ornamentation highlights the evolutionary disparity of frill ornamentation near the base of Centro |
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Only a single specimen has been formally named, Diabloceratops eatoni, from the lower middle member of the formation. Machairoceratops cronusi gen. et sp. nov., a new centrosaurine ceratopsid from the upper member of the Wahweap Formation, is here described based on cranial material representing a single individual recovered from a calcareous mudstone. The specimen consists of two curved and elongate orbital horncores, a left jugal, a nearly complete, slightly deformed braincase, the left squamosal, and a mostly complete parietal ornamented by posteriorly projected, anterodorsally curved, elongate spikes on either side of a midline embayment. The fan-shaped, stepped-squamosal is diagnostic of Centrosaurinae, however, this element differs from the rectangular squamosal in Diabloceratops. Machairoceratops also differs in the possession of two anterodorsally (rather than laterally) curved epiparietal ornamentations on either side of a midline embayment that are distinguished by a posteromedially-oriented sulcus along the entire length of the epiparietal. Additionally, the parietosquamosal frill is lacking any other epiossifications along its periphery. Machairoceratops shares a triangular (rather than round) frill and spike-like epiparietal loci (p1) ornamentation with the stratigraphically lower Diabloceratops. Both parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses place Machairoceratops as an early-branching centrosaurine. However, the parsimony-based analysis provides little resolution for the position of the new taxon, placing it in an unresolved polytomy with Diabloceratops. The resultant Bayesian topology yielded better resolution, aligning Machairoceratops as the definitive sister taxon to a clade formed by Diabloceratops and Albertaceratops. Considered together, both phylogenetic methods unequivocally place Machairoceratops as an early-branching centrosaurine, and given the biostratigraphic position of Machairoceratops, these details increase the known ceratopsid diversity from both the Wahweap Formation and the southern portion of Laramidia. Finally, the unique morphology of the parietal ornamentation highlights the evolutionary disparity of frill ornamentation near the base of Centrosaurinae.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154403</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27192148</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animals ; Bayesian analysis ; Biogeography ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Ceratopsians ; Computer and Information Sciences ; Cretaceous ; Deformation ; Diagnostic systems ; Dinosauria ; Dinosaurs ; Dinosaurs - anatomy & histology ; Dinosaurs - classification ; Dinosaurs - genetics ; Earth Sciences ; Elongation ; Evolution ; Fossils ; Geography ; Mathematical morphology ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mudstone ; Museums ; New species ; Ornithischia ; Osteopathic medicine ; Paleontology ; People and places ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Skeleton ; Topology ; Utah</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-05, Vol.11 (5), p.e0154403-e0154403</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Lund et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Lund et al 2016 Lund et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a715t-49cfc55919ce7aa5f3d1f87b26fc34024a17d3e88ecf9f561672e752138596cf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a715t-49cfc55919ce7aa5f3d1f87b26fc34024a17d3e88ecf9f561672e752138596cf3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4871575/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4871575/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27192148$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lund, Eric K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Connor, Patrick M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loewen, Mark A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jinnah, Zubair A</creatorcontrib><title>A New Centrosaurine Ceratopsid, Machairoceratops cronusi gen et sp. nov., from the Upper Sand Member of the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Southern Utah</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The Upper Cretaceous (middle-late Campanian) Wahweap Formation of southern Utah contains the oldest diagnostic evidence of ceratopsids (to date, all centrosaurines) in North America, with a number of specimens recovered from throughout a unit that spans between 81 and 77 Ma. 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Machairoceratops also differs in the possession of two anterodorsally (rather than laterally) curved epiparietal ornamentations on either side of a midline embayment that are distinguished by a posteromedially-oriented sulcus along the entire length of the epiparietal. Additionally, the parietosquamosal frill is lacking any other epiossifications along its periphery. Machairoceratops shares a triangular (rather than round) frill and spike-like epiparietal loci (p1) ornamentation with the stratigraphically lower Diabloceratops. Both parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses place Machairoceratops as an early-branching centrosaurine. However, the parsimony-based analysis provides little resolution for the position of the new taxon, placing it in an unresolved polytomy with Diabloceratops. The resultant Bayesian topology yielded better resolution, aligning Machairoceratops as the definitive sister taxon to a clade formed by Diabloceratops and Albertaceratops. Considered together, both phylogenetic methods unequivocally place Machairoceratops as an early-branching centrosaurine, and given the biostratigraphic position of Machairoceratops, these details increase the known ceratopsid diversity from both the Wahweap Formation and the southern portion of Laramidia. Finally, the unique morphology of the parietal ornamentation highlights the evolutionary disparity of frill ornamentation near the base of Centrosaurinae.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bayesian analysis</subject><subject>Biogeography</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Ceratopsians</subject><subject>Computer and Information Sciences</subject><subject>Cretaceous</subject><subject>Deformation</subject><subject>Diagnostic systems</subject><subject>Dinosauria</subject><subject>Dinosaurs</subject><subject>Dinosaurs - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Dinosaurs - classification</subject><subject>Dinosaurs - genetics</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Elongation</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Fossils</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Mathematical morphology</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mudstone</subject><subject>Museums</subject><subject>New 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New Centrosaurine Ceratopsid, Machairoceratops cronusi gen et sp. nov., from the Upper Sand Member of the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Southern Utah</title><author>Lund, Eric K ; O'Connor, Patrick M ; Loewen, Mark A ; Jinnah, Zubair A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a715t-49cfc55919ce7aa5f3d1f87b26fc34024a17d3e88ecf9f561672e752138596cf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bayesian analysis</topic><topic>Biogeography</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Ceratopsians</topic><topic>Computer and Information Sciences</topic><topic>Cretaceous</topic><topic>Deformation</topic><topic>Diagnostic systems</topic><topic>Dinosauria</topic><topic>Dinosaurs</topic><topic>Dinosaurs - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Dinosaurs - classification</topic><topic>Dinosaurs - genetics</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Elongation</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Fossils</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Mathematical morphology</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mudstone</topic><topic>Museums</topic><topic>New species</topic><topic>Ornithischia</topic><topic>Osteopathic medicine</topic><topic>Paleontology</topic><topic>People and places</topic><topic>Phylogenetics</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Skeleton</topic><topic>Topology</topic><topic>Utah</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lund, Eric K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Connor, Patrick M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loewen, Mark A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jinnah, Zubair A</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE 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Formation (Middle Campanian), Southern Utah</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-05-18</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0154403</spage><epage>e0154403</epage><pages>e0154403-e0154403</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The Upper Cretaceous (middle-late Campanian) Wahweap Formation of southern Utah contains the oldest diagnostic evidence of ceratopsids (to date, all centrosaurines) in North America, with a number of specimens recovered from throughout a unit that spans between 81 and 77 Ma. Only a single specimen has been formally named, Diabloceratops eatoni, from the lower middle member of the formation. Machairoceratops cronusi gen. et sp. nov., a new centrosaurine ceratopsid from the upper member of the Wahweap Formation, is here described based on cranial material representing a single individual recovered from a calcareous mudstone. The specimen consists of two curved and elongate orbital horncores, a left jugal, a nearly complete, slightly deformed braincase, the left squamosal, and a mostly complete parietal ornamented by posteriorly projected, anterodorsally curved, elongate spikes on either side of a midline embayment. The fan-shaped, stepped-squamosal is diagnostic of Centrosaurinae, however, this element differs from the rectangular squamosal in Diabloceratops. Machairoceratops also differs in the possession of two anterodorsally (rather than laterally) curved epiparietal ornamentations on either side of a midline embayment that are distinguished by a posteromedially-oriented sulcus along the entire length of the epiparietal. Additionally, the parietosquamosal frill is lacking any other epiossifications along its periphery. Machairoceratops shares a triangular (rather than round) frill and spike-like epiparietal loci (p1) ornamentation with the stratigraphically lower Diabloceratops. Both parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses place Machairoceratops as an early-branching centrosaurine. However, the parsimony-based analysis provides little resolution for the position of the new taxon, placing it in an unresolved polytomy with Diabloceratops. The resultant Bayesian topology yielded better resolution, aligning Machairoceratops as the definitive sister taxon to a clade formed by Diabloceratops and Albertaceratops. Considered together, both phylogenetic methods unequivocally place Machairoceratops as an early-branching centrosaurine, and given the biostratigraphic position of Machairoceratops, these details increase the known ceratopsid diversity from both the Wahweap Formation and the southern portion of Laramidia. Finally, the unique morphology of the parietal ornamentation highlights the evolutionary disparity of frill ornamentation near the base of Centrosaurinae.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27192148</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0154403</doi><tpages>e0154403</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1789766476 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Analysis Animals Bayesian analysis Biogeography Biology and Life Sciences Ceratopsians Computer and Information Sciences Cretaceous Deformation Diagnostic systems Dinosauria Dinosaurs Dinosaurs - anatomy & histology Dinosaurs - classification Dinosaurs - genetics Earth Sciences Elongation Evolution Fossils Geography Mathematical morphology Medicine and Health Sciences Mudstone Museums New species Ornithischia Osteopathic medicine Paleontology People and places Phylogenetics Phylogeny Research and Analysis Methods Skeleton Topology Utah |
| title | A New Centrosaurine Ceratopsid, Machairoceratops cronusi gen et sp. nov., from the Upper Sand Member of the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Southern Utah |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-12T20%3A28%3A09IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20New%20Centrosaurine%20Ceratopsid,%20Machairoceratops%20cronusi%20gen%20et%20sp.%20nov.,%20from%20the%20Upper%20Sand%20Member%20of%20the%20Wahweap%20Formation%20(Middle%20Campanian),%20Southern%20Utah&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Lund,%20Eric%20K&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e0154403&rft.epage=e0154403&rft.pages=e0154403-e0154403&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0154403&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA453360295%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1789766476&rft_id=info:pmid/27192148&rft_galeid=A453360295&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_54b97fd09d9741edaf6d63a31bfb7d4e&rfr_iscdi=true |