Postembryonic Nephrogenesis and Persistence of Six2-Expressing Nephron Progenitor Cells in the Reptilian Kidney
New nephron formation (nephrogenesis) ceases in mammals around birth and is completely absent in adults. In contrast, postembryonic nephrogenesis is well documented in the mesonephric kidneys of fishes and amphibians. The transient mesonephros in reptiles (including birds) and mammals is replaced by...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2016-05, Vol.11 (5), p.e0153422-e0153422 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | e0153422 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | e0153422 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 11 |
| creator | Camarata, Troy Howard, Alexis Elsey, Ruth M Raza, Sarah O'Connor, Alice Beatty, Brian Conrad, Jack Solounias, Nikos Chow, Priscilla Mukta, Saima Vasilyev, Aleksandr |
| description | New nephron formation (nephrogenesis) ceases in mammals around birth and is completely absent in adults. In contrast, postembryonic nephrogenesis is well documented in the mesonephric kidneys of fishes and amphibians. The transient mesonephros in reptiles (including birds) and mammals is replaced by the metanephros during embryogenesis. Thus, one may speculate that postembryonic nephrogenesis is restricted to the mesonephric kidney. Previous reports have suggested the metanephros of non-avian reptiles (hereafter reptiles) may continually form nephrons throughout life. We investigated the presence of adult nephrogenesis in reptiles by examining adult kidneys from several species including Trachemys scripta, Chrysemys picta, Boa constrictor, Tupinambis tegu, Anolis carolinensis, and Alligator mississipiensis among others. We found that all major reptilian groups (Testudines, Crocodylia, and Squamates) showed the presence of adult nephrogenesis. The total amount of nephrogenesis varied greatly between species with turtles displaying the highest density of nephrogenesis. In contrast, we were unable to detect adult nephrogenesis in monotremes, and in the iguanid A. carolinensis. Nephron progenitor cells express the transcription factor Six2, which in mammals, becomes downregulated as the progenitor cell population is exhausted and nephrogenesis ends. Using the alligator as a model, we were able to detect Six2-positive cap mesenchyme cells in the adult kidney, which spatially correlated with areas of nephrogenesis. These results suggest that the metanephric kidney of reptiles has maintained the ability to continually grow new nephrons during postembryonic life, a process lost early in mammalian evolution, likely due to the persistence of a Six2-expressing progenitor cell population. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0153422 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_1786792960</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_08b72e8d2a60440db002d725b2c2843b</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>4044902321</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-b4aa5ebddf40ca7c907f0166334da1db77d9b995129205be8584387711e335f03</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptUstuEzEUHSEQLYU_QGCJDZsEvz2zQUJRgYoKIh5ry487iaOJPdgT1Pw9k2RatYi7uVf2Oec-dKrqJcFzwhR5t0m7HE0371OEOSaCcUofVeekYXQmKWaP79Vn1bNSNhgLVkv5tDqjivAx2HmVlqkMsLV5n2Jw6Cv065xWEKGEgkz0aAl5LAeIDlBq0Y9wQ2eXN32GUkJcTYSIlkdWGFJGC-i6gkJEwxrQd-iH0AUT0ZfgI-yfV09a0xV4MeWL6tfHy5-Lz7Prb5-uFh-uZ05QOcwsN0aA9b7l2BnlGqxaTKRkjHtDvFXKN7ZpBKENxcJCLWrOaqUIAcZEi9lF9fqk23ep6OlWRRNVS9XQRh4QVyeET2aj-xy2Ju91MkEfH1JeaZOH4DrQuLaKQu2pkZhz7C3G1CsqLHV07GtHrfdTt53dgncQh2y6B6IPf2JY61X6o3ktJKP1KPB2Esjp9w7KoLehuPGQJkLaHedWXClG6Qh98w_0_9vxE8rlVEqG9m4YgvXBP7csffCPnvwz0l7dX-SOdGsY9hfQRMRs</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1786792960</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Postembryonic Nephrogenesis and Persistence of Six2-Expressing Nephron Progenitor Cells in the Reptilian Kidney</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</source><creator>Camarata, Troy ; Howard, Alexis ; Elsey, Ruth M ; Raza, Sarah ; O'Connor, Alice ; Beatty, Brian ; Conrad, Jack ; Solounias, Nikos ; Chow, Priscilla ; Mukta, Saima ; Vasilyev, Aleksandr</creator><creatorcontrib>Camarata, Troy ; Howard, Alexis ; Elsey, Ruth M ; Raza, Sarah ; O'Connor, Alice ; Beatty, Brian ; Conrad, Jack ; Solounias, Nikos ; Chow, Priscilla ; Mukta, Saima ; Vasilyev, Aleksandr</creatorcontrib><description>New nephron formation (nephrogenesis) ceases in mammals around birth and is completely absent in adults. In contrast, postembryonic nephrogenesis is well documented in the mesonephric kidneys of fishes and amphibians. The transient mesonephros in reptiles (including birds) and mammals is replaced by the metanephros during embryogenesis. Thus, one may speculate that postembryonic nephrogenesis is restricted to the mesonephric kidney. Previous reports have suggested the metanephros of non-avian reptiles (hereafter reptiles) may continually form nephrons throughout life. We investigated the presence of adult nephrogenesis in reptiles by examining adult kidneys from several species including Trachemys scripta, Chrysemys picta, Boa constrictor, Tupinambis tegu, Anolis carolinensis, and Alligator mississipiensis among others. We found that all major reptilian groups (Testudines, Crocodylia, and Squamates) showed the presence of adult nephrogenesis. The total amount of nephrogenesis varied greatly between species with turtles displaying the highest density of nephrogenesis. In contrast, we were unable to detect adult nephrogenesis in monotremes, and in the iguanid A. carolinensis. Nephron progenitor cells express the transcription factor Six2, which in mammals, becomes downregulated as the progenitor cell population is exhausted and nephrogenesis ends. Using the alligator as a model, we were able to detect Six2-positive cap mesenchyme cells in the adult kidney, which spatially correlated with areas of nephrogenesis. These results suggest that the metanephric kidney of reptiles has maintained the ability to continually grow new nephrons during postembryonic life, a process lost early in mammalian evolution, likely due to the persistence of a Six2-expressing progenitor cell population.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153422</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27144443</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adults ; Alligator mississippiensis ; Amphibia ; Amphibians ; Animals ; Anolis carolinensis ; Aquatic reptiles ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Birds ; Boa constrictor ; Cells (biology) ; Chrysemys picta ; Crocodylia ; Embryogenesis ; Embryonic growth stage ; Gene expression ; Homeostasis ; Kidneys ; Mammals ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mesenchyme ; Morphogenesis ; Morphology ; Nephrons ; Nephrons - growth & development ; Osteopathic medicine ; Progenitor cells ; Reptiles ; SIX gene family ; Squamata ; Stem cells ; Stem Cells - cytology ; Testudines ; Trachemys scripta ; Trans-Activators - metabolism ; Tupinambis teguixim ; Turtles</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-05, Vol.11 (5), p.e0153422-e0153422</ispartof><rights>2016 Camarata et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Camarata et al 2016 Camarata et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-b4aa5ebddf40ca7c907f0166334da1db77d9b995129205be8584387711e335f03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-b4aa5ebddf40ca7c907f0166334da1db77d9b995129205be8584387711e335f03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4856328/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4856328/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27144443$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Camarata, Troy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howard, Alexis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elsey, Ruth M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raza, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Connor, Alice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beatty, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conrad, Jack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solounias, Nikos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chow, Priscilla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukta, Saima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasilyev, Aleksandr</creatorcontrib><title>Postembryonic Nephrogenesis and Persistence of Six2-Expressing Nephron Progenitor Cells in the Reptilian Kidney</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>New nephron formation (nephrogenesis) ceases in mammals around birth and is completely absent in adults. In contrast, postembryonic nephrogenesis is well documented in the mesonephric kidneys of fishes and amphibians. The transient mesonephros in reptiles (including birds) and mammals is replaced by the metanephros during embryogenesis. Thus, one may speculate that postembryonic nephrogenesis is restricted to the mesonephric kidney. Previous reports have suggested the metanephros of non-avian reptiles (hereafter reptiles) may continually form nephrons throughout life. We investigated the presence of adult nephrogenesis in reptiles by examining adult kidneys from several species including Trachemys scripta, Chrysemys picta, Boa constrictor, Tupinambis tegu, Anolis carolinensis, and Alligator mississipiensis among others. We found that all major reptilian groups (Testudines, Crocodylia, and Squamates) showed the presence of adult nephrogenesis. The total amount of nephrogenesis varied greatly between species with turtles displaying the highest density of nephrogenesis. In contrast, we were unable to detect adult nephrogenesis in monotremes, and in the iguanid A. carolinensis. Nephron progenitor cells express the transcription factor Six2, which in mammals, becomes downregulated as the progenitor cell population is exhausted and nephrogenesis ends. Using the alligator as a model, we were able to detect Six2-positive cap mesenchyme cells in the adult kidney, which spatially correlated with areas of nephrogenesis. These results suggest that the metanephric kidney of reptiles has maintained the ability to continually grow new nephrons during postembryonic life, a process lost early in mammalian evolution, likely due to the persistence of a Six2-expressing progenitor cell population.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Alligator mississippiensis</subject><subject>Amphibia</subject><subject>Amphibians</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anolis carolinensis</subject><subject>Aquatic reptiles</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Boa constrictor</subject><subject>Cells (biology)</subject><subject>Chrysemys picta</subject><subject>Crocodylia</subject><subject>Embryogenesis</subject><subject>Embryonic growth stage</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Mammals</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mesenchyme</subject><subject>Morphogenesis</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nephrons</subject><subject>Nephrons - growth & development</subject><subject>Osteopathic medicine</subject><subject>Progenitor cells</subject><subject>Reptiles</subject><subject>SIX gene family</subject><subject>Squamata</subject><subject>Stem cells</subject><subject>Stem Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Testudines</subject><subject>Trachemys scripta</subject><subject>Trans-Activators - metabolism</subject><subject>Tupinambis teguixim</subject><subject>Turtles</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUstuEzEUHSEQLYU_QGCJDZsEvz2zQUJRgYoKIh5ry487iaOJPdgT1Pw9k2RatYi7uVf2Oec-dKrqJcFzwhR5t0m7HE0371OEOSaCcUofVeekYXQmKWaP79Vn1bNSNhgLVkv5tDqjivAx2HmVlqkMsLV5n2Jw6Cv065xWEKGEgkz0aAl5LAeIDlBq0Y9wQ2eXN32GUkJcTYSIlkdWGFJGC-i6gkJEwxrQd-iH0AUT0ZfgI-yfV09a0xV4MeWL6tfHy5-Lz7Prb5-uFh-uZ05QOcwsN0aA9b7l2BnlGqxaTKRkjHtDvFXKN7ZpBKENxcJCLWrOaqUIAcZEi9lF9fqk23ep6OlWRRNVS9XQRh4QVyeET2aj-xy2Ju91MkEfH1JeaZOH4DrQuLaKQu2pkZhz7C3G1CsqLHV07GtHrfdTt53dgncQh2y6B6IPf2JY61X6o3ktJKP1KPB2Esjp9w7KoLehuPGQJkLaHedWXClG6Qh98w_0_9vxE8rlVEqG9m4YgvXBP7csffCPnvwz0l7dX-SOdGsY9hfQRMRs</recordid><startdate>20160504</startdate><enddate>20160504</enddate><creator>Camarata, Troy</creator><creator>Howard, Alexis</creator><creator>Elsey, Ruth M</creator><creator>Raza, Sarah</creator><creator>O'Connor, Alice</creator><creator>Beatty, Brian</creator><creator>Conrad, Jack</creator><creator>Solounias, Nikos</creator><creator>Chow, Priscilla</creator><creator>Mukta, Saima</creator><creator>Vasilyev, Aleksandr</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160504</creationdate><title>Postembryonic Nephrogenesis and Persistence of Six2-Expressing Nephron Progenitor Cells in the Reptilian Kidney</title><author>Camarata, Troy ; Howard, Alexis ; Elsey, Ruth M ; Raza, Sarah ; O'Connor, Alice ; Beatty, Brian ; Conrad, Jack ; Solounias, Nikos ; Chow, Priscilla ; Mukta, Saima ; Vasilyev, Aleksandr</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-b4aa5ebddf40ca7c907f0166334da1db77d9b995129205be8584387711e335f03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Alligator mississippiensis</topic><topic>Amphibia</topic><topic>Amphibians</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anolis carolinensis</topic><topic>Aquatic reptiles</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Boa constrictor</topic><topic>Cells (biology)</topic><topic>Chrysemys picta</topic><topic>Crocodylia</topic><topic>Embryogenesis</topic><topic>Embryonic growth stage</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Mammals</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mesenchyme</topic><topic>Morphogenesis</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nephrons</topic><topic>Nephrons - growth & development</topic><topic>Osteopathic medicine</topic><topic>Progenitor cells</topic><topic>Reptiles</topic><topic>SIX gene family</topic><topic>Squamata</topic><topic>Stem cells</topic><topic>Stem Cells - cytology</topic><topic>Testudines</topic><topic>Trachemys scripta</topic><topic>Trans-Activators - metabolism</topic><topic>Tupinambis teguixim</topic><topic>Turtles</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Camarata, Troy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howard, Alexis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elsey, Ruth M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raza, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Connor, Alice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beatty, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conrad, Jack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solounias, Nikos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chow, Priscilla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukta, Saima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasilyev, Aleksandr</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Camarata, Troy</au><au>Howard, Alexis</au><au>Elsey, Ruth M</au><au>Raza, Sarah</au><au>O'Connor, Alice</au><au>Beatty, Brian</au><au>Conrad, Jack</au><au>Solounias, Nikos</au><au>Chow, Priscilla</au><au>Mukta, Saima</au><au>Vasilyev, Aleksandr</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Postembryonic Nephrogenesis and Persistence of Six2-Expressing Nephron Progenitor Cells in the Reptilian Kidney</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-05-04</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0153422</spage><epage>e0153422</epage><pages>e0153422-e0153422</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>New nephron formation (nephrogenesis) ceases in mammals around birth and is completely absent in adults. In contrast, postembryonic nephrogenesis is well documented in the mesonephric kidneys of fishes and amphibians. The transient mesonephros in reptiles (including birds) and mammals is replaced by the metanephros during embryogenesis. Thus, one may speculate that postembryonic nephrogenesis is restricted to the mesonephric kidney. Previous reports have suggested the metanephros of non-avian reptiles (hereafter reptiles) may continually form nephrons throughout life. We investigated the presence of adult nephrogenesis in reptiles by examining adult kidneys from several species including Trachemys scripta, Chrysemys picta, Boa constrictor, Tupinambis tegu, Anolis carolinensis, and Alligator mississipiensis among others. We found that all major reptilian groups (Testudines, Crocodylia, and Squamates) showed the presence of adult nephrogenesis. The total amount of nephrogenesis varied greatly between species with turtles displaying the highest density of nephrogenesis. In contrast, we were unable to detect adult nephrogenesis in monotremes, and in the iguanid A. carolinensis. Nephron progenitor cells express the transcription factor Six2, which in mammals, becomes downregulated as the progenitor cell population is exhausted and nephrogenesis ends. Using the alligator as a model, we were able to detect Six2-positive cap mesenchyme cells in the adult kidney, which spatially correlated with areas of nephrogenesis. These results suggest that the metanephric kidney of reptiles has maintained the ability to continually grow new nephrons during postembryonic life, a process lost early in mammalian evolution, likely due to the persistence of a Six2-expressing progenitor cell population.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27144443</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0153422</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2016-05, Vol.11 (5), p.e0153422-e0153422 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1786792960 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adults Alligator mississippiensis Amphibia Amphibians Animals Anolis carolinensis Aquatic reptiles Biology and Life Sciences Birds Boa constrictor Cells (biology) Chrysemys picta Crocodylia Embryogenesis Embryonic growth stage Gene expression Homeostasis Kidneys Mammals Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Mesenchyme Morphogenesis Morphology Nephrons Nephrons - growth & development Osteopathic medicine Progenitor cells Reptiles SIX gene family Squamata Stem cells Stem Cells - cytology Testudines Trachemys scripta Trans-Activators - metabolism Tupinambis teguixim Turtles |
| title | Postembryonic Nephrogenesis and Persistence of Six2-Expressing Nephron Progenitor Cells in the Reptilian Kidney |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-04T04%3A38%3A56IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Postembryonic%20Nephrogenesis%20and%20Persistence%20of%20Six2-Expressing%20Nephron%20Progenitor%20Cells%20in%20the%20Reptilian%20Kidney&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Camarata,%20Troy&rft.date=2016-05-04&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e0153422&rft.epage=e0153422&rft.pages=e0153422-e0153422&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153422&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E4044902321%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1786792960&rft_id=info:pmid/27144443&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_08b72e8d2a60440db002d725b2c2843b&rfr_iscdi=true |