Inhibition of SK4 Potassium Channels Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Migration and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are limited; intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK4) channels are closely involved in tumor progression, but little is known about these channels in TNBC. We aimed to investigate whether SK4 channels affect TNBC. First, by immuno...
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| description | Treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are limited; intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK4) channels are closely involved in tumor progression, but little is known about these channels in TNBC. We aimed to investigate whether SK4 channels affect TNBC. First, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting (WB), increased SK4 protein expression in breast tumor tissues was detected relative to that in non-tumor breast tissues, but there was no apparent expression difference between various subtypes of breast cancer (p>0.05). Next, functional SK4 channels were detected in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 using WB, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and patch-clamp recording. By employing SK4 specific siRNAs and blockers, including TRAM-34 and clotrimazole, in combination with an MTT assay, a colony-formation assay, flow cytometry and a cell motility assay, we found that the suppression of SK4 channels significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells (p |
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We aimed to investigate whether SK4 channels affect TNBC. First, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting (WB), increased SK4 protein expression in breast tumor tissues was detected relative to that in non-tumor breast tissues, but there was no apparent expression difference between various subtypes of breast cancer (p>0.05). Next, functional SK4 channels were detected in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 using WB, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and patch-clamp recording. By employing SK4 specific siRNAs and blockers, including TRAM-34 and clotrimazole, in combination with an MTT assay, a colony-formation assay, flow cytometry and a cell motility assay, we found that the suppression of SK4 channels significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells (p<0.05). Further investigation revealed that treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF)/basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) caused MDA-MB-231 cells to undergo the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to show increased SK4 mRNA expression. In addition, the down-regulation of SK4 expression inhibited the EMT markers Vimentin and Snail1. Collectively, our findings suggest that SK4 channels are expressed in TNBC and are involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and EMT processes of TNBC cells.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154471</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27124117</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Apoptosis ; Assaying ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Breast cancer ; Calcium ; Calcium channels ; Calcium conductance ; Cancer ; Cancer therapies ; Care and treatment ; Cell cycle ; Cell growth ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell migration ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Channels ; Chemotherapy ; Clotrimazole ; Clotrimazole - pharmacology ; Cytometry ; Epidermal growth factor ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition - drug effects ; Female ; Fibroblast growth factor 2 ; Fibroblasts ; Flow cytometry ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - drug effects ; Growth factors ; Humans ; Immunofluorescence ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels - antagonists & inhibitors ; Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels - genetics ; Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels - metabolism ; MCF-7 Cells ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mesenchyme ; Physiology ; Potassium ; Potassium channels ; Potassium conductance ; Pyrazoles - pharmacology ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Resistance ; RNA ; Science ; siRNA ; Studies ; Surgery ; Thyroid gland ; Tissues ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - genetics ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - metabolism ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - pathology ; Up-Regulation - drug effects ; Vimentin ; Western blotting</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-04, Vol.11 (4), p.e0154471-e0154471</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Zhang et al 2016 Zhang et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-aab0ff0158970562bf3ff716fa25527d7893444509924f29bb179db05c940bec3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-aab0ff0158970562bf3ff716fa25527d7893444509924f29bb179db05c940bec3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4849628/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4849628/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23847,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124117$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Ahmad, Aamir</contributor><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Panshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Xiaowei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Qian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yi, Jilin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Wenzhuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Lu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Zhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jinwen</creatorcontrib><title>Inhibition of SK4 Potassium Channels Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Migration and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are limited; intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK4) channels are closely involved in tumor progression, but little is known about these channels in TNBC. We aimed to investigate whether SK4 channels affect TNBC. First, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting (WB), increased SK4 protein expression in breast tumor tissues was detected relative to that in non-tumor breast tissues, but there was no apparent expression difference between various subtypes of breast cancer (p>0.05). Next, functional SK4 channels were detected in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 using WB, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and patch-clamp recording. By employing SK4 specific siRNAs and blockers, including TRAM-34 and clotrimazole, in combination with an MTT assay, a colony-formation assay, flow cytometry and a cell motility assay, we found that the suppression of SK4 channels significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells (p<0.05). Further investigation revealed that treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF)/basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) caused MDA-MB-231 cells to undergo the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to show increased SK4 mRNA expression. In addition, the down-regulation of SK4 expression inhibited the EMT markers Vimentin and Snail1. Collectively, our findings suggest that SK4 channels are expressed in TNBC and are involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and EMT processes of TNBC cells.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Assaying</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium channels</subject><subject>Calcium conductance</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell growth</subject><subject>Cell Line, Tumor</subject><subject>Cell migration</subject><subject>Cell Movement</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation</subject><subject>Cell Survival</subject><subject>Channels</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Clotrimazole</subject><subject>Clotrimazole - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cytometry</subject><subject>Epidermal growth factor</subject><subject>Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition - drug effects</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fibroblast growth factor 2</subject><subject>Fibroblasts</subject><subject>Flow cytometry</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - drug effects</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunofluorescence</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels - genetics</subject><subject>Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels - metabolism</subject><subject>MCF-7 Cells</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mesenchyme</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Potassium</subject><subject>Potassium channels</subject><subject>Potassium conductance</subject><subject>Pyrazoles - pharmacology</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Resistance</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>siRNA</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Thyroid gland</subject><subject>Tissues</subject><subject>Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Up-Regulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Vimentin</subject><subject>Western blotting</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11rFDEUhgdRbK3-A9FAQRTcNV8zSW6EulRdbG2x1duQmUl2UrLJmMwU-2f8rWa729KVgjIX-ZjnPefkTU5RPEdwighD7y7CGL1y0z54PYWopJShB8UuEgRPKgzJwzvzneJJShcQloRX1eNiBzOEKUJst_g9952t7WCDB8GAsy8UnIZBpWTHJZh1ynvtEjgb-z7qlHQCM-0cOI3BWaOjWunegmO7WE-B8i0YOg0Oe5sHZ5WbHOukfdNdLZUD51H5tE5mfV7Z3unJV73I4ksNPkSt0gBmyjc6XidKT4tHRrmkn23GveL7x8Pz2efJ0cmn-ezgaNIwXA4TpWpoTDaBCwbLCteGGMNQZRQuS8xaxgWhlJZQCEwNFnWNmGhrWDaCwlo3ZK94uY7bu5DkxtokEeMlRoJjnon5mmiDupB9tEsVr2RQVl5vhLiQKg62cVpCLlrEEeENg5TjklcMElpRYkRFVvO94v0m21gvddtoP0TltoJu__G2k4twKSmnorou5vUmQAw_R50GubSpyYYpr8OY6-awpIITgf-N5iOybAypMrr_F3q_ERtqofJZrTchl9isgsoDWhKKOK7KTE3vofLX6qVt8pM1Nu9vCd5sCTIz6F_DQo0pyfnZt_9nT35ss6_usJ1WbuhScOPqEaZtkK7BJoaUoja394GgXHXcjRty1XFy03FZ9uLuXd6KblqM_AGEMSUz</recordid><startdate>20160428</startdate><enddate>20160428</enddate><creator>Zhang, Panshi</creator><creator>Yang, Xiaowei</creator><creator>Yin, Qian</creator><creator>Yi, Jilin</creator><creator>Shen, Wenzhuang</creator><creator>Zhao, Lu</creator><creator>Zhu, Zhi</creator><creator>Liu, Jinwen</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160428</creationdate><title>Inhibition of SK4 Potassium Channels Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Migration and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells</title><author>Zhang, Panshi ; Yang, Xiaowei ; Yin, Qian ; Yi, Jilin ; Shen, Wenzhuang ; Zhao, Lu ; Zhu, Zhi ; Liu, Jinwen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-aab0ff0158970562bf3ff716fa25527d7893444509924f29bb179db05c940bec3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Assaying</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Breast cancer</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium channels</topic><topic>Calcium conductance</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cancer therapies</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Cell growth</topic><topic>Cell Line, Tumor</topic><topic>Cell migration</topic><topic>Cell Movement</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation</topic><topic>Cell Survival</topic><topic>Channels</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>Clotrimazole</topic><topic>Clotrimazole - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Panshi</au><au>Yang, Xiaowei</au><au>Yin, Qian</au><au>Yi, Jilin</au><au>Shen, Wenzhuang</au><au>Zhao, Lu</au><au>Zhu, Zhi</au><au>Liu, Jinwen</au><au>Ahmad, Aamir</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Inhibition of SK4 Potassium Channels Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Migration and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-04-28</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0154471</spage><epage>e0154471</epage><pages>e0154471-e0154471</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are limited; intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK4) channels are closely involved in tumor progression, but little is known about these channels in TNBC. We aimed to investigate whether SK4 channels affect TNBC. First, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting (WB), increased SK4 protein expression in breast tumor tissues was detected relative to that in non-tumor breast tissues, but there was no apparent expression difference between various subtypes of breast cancer (p>0.05). Next, functional SK4 channels were detected in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 using WB, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and patch-clamp recording. By employing SK4 specific siRNAs and blockers, including TRAM-34 and clotrimazole, in combination with an MTT assay, a colony-formation assay, flow cytometry and a cell motility assay, we found that the suppression of SK4 channels significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells (p<0.05). Further investigation revealed that treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF)/basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) caused MDA-MB-231 cells to undergo the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to show increased SK4 mRNA expression. In addition, the down-regulation of SK4 expression inhibited the EMT markers Vimentin and Snail1. Collectively, our findings suggest that SK4 channels are expressed in TNBC and are involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and EMT processes of TNBC cells.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27124117</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0154471</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1785219828 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Analysis Apoptosis Assaying Biology and Life Sciences Breast cancer Calcium Calcium channels Calcium conductance Cancer Cancer therapies Care and treatment Cell cycle Cell growth Cell Line, Tumor Cell migration Cell Movement Cell Proliferation Cell Survival Channels Chemotherapy Clotrimazole Clotrimazole - pharmacology Cytometry Epidermal growth factor Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition - drug effects Female Fibroblast growth factor 2 Fibroblasts Flow cytometry Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - drug effects Growth factors Humans Immunofluorescence Immunohistochemistry Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels - antagonists & inhibitors Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels - genetics Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels - metabolism MCF-7 Cells Medicine and Health Sciences Mesenchyme Physiology Potassium Potassium channels Potassium conductance Pyrazoles - pharmacology Research and Analysis Methods Resistance RNA Science siRNA Studies Surgery Thyroid gland Tissues Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - genetics Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - metabolism Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - pathology Up-Regulation - drug effects Vimentin Western blotting |
| title | Inhibition of SK4 Potassium Channels Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Migration and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-27T11%3A12%3A57IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inhibition%20of%20SK4%20Potassium%20Channels%20Suppresses%20Cell%20Proliferation,%20Migration%20and%20the%20Epithelial-Mesenchymal%20Transition%20in%20Triple-Negative%20Breast%20Cancer%20Cells&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Zhang,%20Panshi&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e0154471&rft.epage=e0154471&rft.pages=e0154471-e0154471&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0154471&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA453418265%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1785219828&rft_id=info:pmid/27124117&rft_galeid=A453418265&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_089d18138c704825867034643f963670&rfr_iscdi=true |