Ammonia Induces Autophagy through Dopamine Receptor D3 and MTOR

Hyperammonemia is frequently seen in tumor microenvironments as well as in liver diseases where it can lead to severe brain damage or death. Ammonia induces autophagy, a mechanism that tumor cells may use to protect themselves from external stresses. However, how cells sense ammonia has been unclear...

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Veröffentlicht in:	PloS one 2016-04, Vol.11 (4), p.e0153526-e0153526
Hauptverfasser:	Li, Zhiyuan, Ji, Xinmiao, Wang, Wenchao, Liu, Juanjuan, Liang, Xiaofei, Wu, Hong, Liu, Jing, Eggert, Ulrike S, Liu, Qingsong, Zhang, Xin
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Ammonia Ammonia - metabolism Animals Autophagy Biology and Life Sciences Brain damage Brain injury Cancer Cell culture Cell death Cell Line Cell Line, Tumor CHO Cells Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism Cricetulus Development and progression Dopamine Dopamine D3 receptors Dopamine receptors Genetic aspects Glutamine Humans Hyperammonemia Immunoglobulins Kinases Laboratories Ligands Liver Liver diseases Localization Membrane proteins Microenvironments Neuroblastoma Neurodegenerative diseases Neurological diseases pH effects Phagocytosis Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism Physical Sciences Physiological aspects Proteins Proteolysis Rapamycin Receptors, Dopamine D3 - metabolism Research and analysis methods Risk factors Rodents Science Signal Transduction Studies TOR protein TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism Tumor cells Tumors
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