Method of Detection of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancers in Obese and Non-Obese Patients
The incidence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) is increasing rapidly. Many authors feel that this increase is due to over-diagnosis and that one of the contributing factors is the increasing use of various imaging studies. The rate of obesity has also been increasing in the United States...
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| description | The incidence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) is increasing rapidly. Many authors feel that this increase is due to over-diagnosis and that one of the contributing factors is the increasing use of various imaging studies. The rate of obesity has also been increasing in the United States. It has been suggested that patients with an increased body mass index (BMI kg/m2) have a higher incidence of WDTC than patients with normal BMI. One might hypothesize that thyroid nodules are more difficult to palpate in obese patients and that as more cancers are detected by imaging the apparent rate of increase in WDTC in obese patients would appear to be greater than in non-obese patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate this hypothesis by determining if there is any difference in the way thyroid cancers are initially detected in obese and non-obese patients.
The medical records of all 519 patients with a postoperative diagnosis of WDTC who underwent thyroidectomy at NYU Langone Medical Center from January 1, 2007 through August 31, 2010 by the three members of NYU Endocrine Surgery Associates were reviewed. Patients were divided into Non-obese (BMI |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0152768 |
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The medical records of all 519 patients with a postoperative diagnosis of WDTC who underwent thyroidectomy at NYU Langone Medical Center from January 1, 2007 through August 31, 2010 by the three members of NYU Endocrine Surgery Associates were reviewed. Patients were divided into Non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m2) and Obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) groups. Patients were also divided by the initial method of detection of their tumor into Palpation, Imaging, and Incidental groups.
The final study group contained 270 patients, 181(67%) of whom were in the Non-obese Group and 89(33%) were in the Obese Group. In the Non-obese group, 81(45%) of tumors were found by palpation, 72(40%) were found by imaging, and 28(16%) were found incidentally. In the Obese group, 40(45%) were found by palpation, 38(43%) were found by imaging, and 11(12%) were found incidentally. These differences were not statistically significant (p-value 0.769).
We show that BMI does not play a role in the method of initial detection in patients with WDTC. This suggests that the prevalence of WDTC detected by imaging is not an artifact caused by an increasingly obese population and that any association of WDTC and obesity is not related to the way in which these tumors are detected.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152768</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27043928</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; Body mass ; Body Mass Index ; Body size ; Cancer diagnosis ; Cellular biology ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Health aspects ; Health care facilities ; Humans ; Imaging ; Incidence ; Male ; Medical records ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Nodules ; Obesity ; Obesity - complications ; Obesity - surgery ; Patients ; People and Places ; Socioeconomic factors ; Statistical analysis ; Studies ; Surgery ; Systematic review ; Thyroid ; Thyroid cancer ; Thyroid Neoplasms - diagnosis ; Thyroid Neoplasms - surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; Trends ; Tumors ; Variance analysis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-04, Vol.11 (4), p.e0152768</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Zagzag et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Zagzag et al 2016 Zagzag et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c618t-5ad471b73d6ff5dc4d488880fa5c95346ddacb2ff216629b2fa215bee30f14803</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c618t-5ad471b73d6ff5dc4d488880fa5c95346ddacb2ff216629b2fa215bee30f14803</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4820112/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4820112/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79569,79570</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27043928$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zagzag, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malone, Michael K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopresti, Melissa A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogilvie, Jennifer B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patel, Kepal N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heller, Keith S</creatorcontrib><title>Method of Detection of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancers in Obese and Non-Obese Patients</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The incidence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) is increasing rapidly. Many authors feel that this increase is due to over-diagnosis and that one of the contributing factors is the increasing use of various imaging studies. The rate of obesity has also been increasing in the United States. It has been suggested that patients with an increased body mass index (BMI kg/m2) have a higher incidence of WDTC than patients with normal BMI. One might hypothesize that thyroid nodules are more difficult to palpate in obese patients and that as more cancers are detected by imaging the apparent rate of increase in WDTC in obese patients would appear to be greater than in non-obese patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate this hypothesis by determining if there is any difference in the way thyroid cancers are initially detected in obese and non-obese patients.
The medical records of all 519 patients with a postoperative diagnosis of WDTC who underwent thyroidectomy at NYU Langone Medical Center from January 1, 2007 through August 31, 2010 by the three members of NYU Endocrine Surgery Associates were reviewed. Patients were divided into Non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m2) and Obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) groups. Patients were also divided by the initial method of detection of their tumor into Palpation, Imaging, and Incidental groups.
The final study group contained 270 patients, 181(67%) of whom were in the Non-obese Group and 89(33%) were in the Obese Group. In the Non-obese group, 81(45%) of tumors were found by palpation, 72(40%) were found by imaging, and 28(16%) were found incidentally. In the Obese group, 40(45%) were found by palpation, 38(43%) were found by imaging, and 11(12%) were found incidentally. These differences were not statistically significant (p-value 0.769).
We show that BMI does not play a role in the method of initial detection in patients with WDTC. This suggests that the prevalence of WDTC detected by imaging is not an artifact caused by an increasingly obese population and that any association of WDTC and obesity is not related to the way in which these tumors are detected.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Biopsy</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Cancer diagnosis</subject><subject>Cellular biology</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health care facilities</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical records</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nodules</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - complications</subject><subject>Obesity - surgery</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Thyroid</subject><subject>Thyroid cancer</subject><subject>Thyroid Neoplasms - diagnosis</subject><subject>Thyroid Neoplasms - surgery</subject><subject>Thyroidectomy</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkl1rFDEUhgdRbK3-A9EBQbyZNZ-TzI1Qtn4UqvWiIngTssnJbpbZZE1mhf57M-607IpgbvL1nDcnL29VPcdohqnAb9dxl4LuZ9sYYIYwJ6KVD6pT3FHStATRhwfrk-pJzmuEOJVt-7g6IQIx2hF5Wv34DMMq2jq6-gIGMIOPYdx8h75vLrxzkCAMXg9g65vVbYre1nMdDKRc-1BfLyBDrYOtv8TQ7Hdf9eBLTX5aPXK6z_Bsms-qbx_e38w_NVfXHy_n51eNabEcGq4tE3ghqG2d49Ywy2QZyGluOk5Za602C-IcwW1LurLSBPMFAEUOM4noWfVyr7vtY1aTLVlhISRDohOiEJd7wka9VtvkNzrdqqi9-nMQ01LpNHjTg0LUSJDEYGsx01hKKilmjBNTnuW8K1rvptd2iw1YU36adH8kenwT_Eot4y_FJEEYkyLwZhJI8ecO8qA2Pptitw4Qd6Vv2QkqWCvw_1EhOkRY8aigr_5C_23ERC11-asPLpYWzSiqzlnxmhNCZKFeH1Ar0P2wyrHfjdnIxyDbgybFnBO4exswUmNI75pQY0jVFNJS9uLQwvuiu1TS358K4e0</recordid><startdate>20160404</startdate><enddate>20160404</enddate><creator>Zagzag, Jonathan</creator><creator>Malone, Michael K</creator><creator>Lopresti, Melissa A</creator><creator>Ogilvie, Jennifer B</creator><creator>Patel, Kepal N</creator><creator>Heller, Keith S</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQGLB</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160404</creationdate><title>Method of Detection of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancers in Obese and Non-Obese Patients</title><author>Zagzag, Jonathan ; Malone, Michael K ; Lopresti, Melissa A ; Ogilvie, Jennifer B ; Patel, Kepal N ; Heller, Keith S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c618t-5ad471b73d6ff5dc4d488880fa5c95346ddacb2ff216629b2fa215bee30f14803</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Biopsy</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Body size</topic><topic>Cancer diagnosis</topic><topic>Cellular biology</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health care facilities</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical records</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nodules</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Obesity - 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Academic</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zagzag, Jonathan</au><au>Malone, Michael K</au><au>Lopresti, Melissa A</au><au>Ogilvie, Jennifer B</au><au>Patel, Kepal N</au><au>Heller, Keith S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Method of Detection of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancers in Obese and Non-Obese Patients</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-04-04</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0152768</spage><pages>e0152768-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The incidence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) is increasing rapidly. Many authors feel that this increase is due to over-diagnosis and that one of the contributing factors is the increasing use of various imaging studies. The rate of obesity has also been increasing in the United States. It has been suggested that patients with an increased body mass index (BMI kg/m2) have a higher incidence of WDTC than patients with normal BMI. One might hypothesize that thyroid nodules are more difficult to palpate in obese patients and that as more cancers are detected by imaging the apparent rate of increase in WDTC in obese patients would appear to be greater than in non-obese patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate this hypothesis by determining if there is any difference in the way thyroid cancers are initially detected in obese and non-obese patients.
The medical records of all 519 patients with a postoperative diagnosis of WDTC who underwent thyroidectomy at NYU Langone Medical Center from January 1, 2007 through August 31, 2010 by the three members of NYU Endocrine Surgery Associates were reviewed. Patients were divided into Non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m2) and Obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) groups. Patients were also divided by the initial method of detection of their tumor into Palpation, Imaging, and Incidental groups.
The final study group contained 270 patients, 181(67%) of whom were in the Non-obese Group and 89(33%) were in the Obese Group. In the Non-obese group, 81(45%) of tumors were found by palpation, 72(40%) were found by imaging, and 28(16%) were found incidentally. In the Obese group, 40(45%) were found by palpation, 38(43%) were found by imaging, and 11(12%) were found incidentally. These differences were not statistically significant (p-value 0.769).
We show that BMI does not play a role in the method of initial detection in patients with WDTC. This suggests that the prevalence of WDTC detected by imaging is not an artifact caused by an increasingly obese population and that any association of WDTC and obesity is not related to the way in which these tumors are detected.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27043928</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0152768</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Aged Biology and Life Sciences Biomarkers Biopsy Body mass Body Mass Index Body size Cancer diagnosis Cellular biology Diagnosis Female Health aspects Health care facilities Humans Imaging Incidence Male Medical records Medicine and Health Sciences Methods Middle Aged Nodules Obesity Obesity - complications Obesity - surgery Patients People and Places Socioeconomic factors Statistical analysis Studies Surgery Systematic review Thyroid Thyroid cancer Thyroid Neoplasms - diagnosis Thyroid Neoplasms - surgery Thyroidectomy Trends Tumors Variance analysis |
| title | Method of Detection of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancers in Obese and Non-Obese Patients |
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