Genotypic and Phenotypic Detection of AmpC β-lactamases in Enterobacter spp. Isolated from a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia
The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of chromosomal and plasmid-mediated β-lactamases (AmpC) genes in a collection of Malaysian isolates of Enterobacter species. Several phenotypic tests for detection of AmpC production of Enterobacter spp. were evaluated and the agreements be...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2016-03, Vol.11 (3), p.e0150643-e0150643 |
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| description | The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of chromosomal and plasmid-mediated β-lactamases (AmpC) genes in a collection of Malaysian isolates of Enterobacter species. Several phenotypic tests for detection of AmpC production of Enterobacter spp. were evaluated and the agreements between tests were determined.
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for 117 Enterobacter clinical isolates obtained from the Medical Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory, University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia, from November 2012-February 2014 were determined in accordance to CLSI guidelines. AmpC genes were detected using a multiplex PCR assay targeting the MIR/ACT gene (closely related to chromosomal EBC family gene) and other plasmid-mediated genes, including DHA, MOX, CMY, ACC, and FOX. The AmpC β-lactamase production of the isolates was assessed using cefoxitin disk screening test, D69C AmpC detection set, cefoxitin-cloxacillin double disk synergy test (CC-DDS) and AmpC induction test.
Among the Enterobacter isolates in this study, 39.3% were resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone and 23.9% were resistant to ceftazidime. Ten (8.5%) of the isolates were resistant to cefepime, and one isolate was resistant to meropenem. Chromosomal EBC family gene was amplified from 36 (47.4%) E. cloacae and three (25%) E. asburiae. A novel blaDHA type plasmid-mediated AmpC gene was identified for the first time from an E. cloacae isolate. AmpC β-lactamase production was detected in 99 (89.2%) of 111 potential AmpC β-lactamase producers (positive in cefoxitin disk screening) using D69C AmpC detection set. The detection rates were lower with CC-DDS (80.2%) and AmpC induction tests (50.5%). There was low agreement between the D69C AmpC detection set and the other two phenotypic tests. Of the 40 isolates with AmpC genes detected in this study, 87.5%, 77.5% and 50.0% of these isolates were positive by the D69C AmpC detection set, CC-DDS and AmpC induction tests, respectively.
Besides MIR/ACT gene, a novel plasmid-mediated AmpC gene belonging to the DHA-type was identified in this study. Low agreement was noted between the D69C AmpC detection set and two other phenotypic tests for detection of AmpC production in Enterobacter spp. As plasmid-mediated genes may serve as the reservoir for the emergence of antibiotic resistance in a clinical setting, surveillance and infection control measures are necessary to limit the spread of these genes in the hospital. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0150643 |
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Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for 117 Enterobacter clinical isolates obtained from the Medical Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory, University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia, from November 2012-February 2014 were determined in accordance to CLSI guidelines. AmpC genes were detected using a multiplex PCR assay targeting the MIR/ACT gene (closely related to chromosomal EBC family gene) and other plasmid-mediated genes, including DHA, MOX, CMY, ACC, and FOX. The AmpC β-lactamase production of the isolates was assessed using cefoxitin disk screening test, D69C AmpC detection set, cefoxitin-cloxacillin double disk synergy test (CC-DDS) and AmpC induction test.
Among the Enterobacter isolates in this study, 39.3% were resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone and 23.9% were resistant to ceftazidime. Ten (8.5%) of the isolates were resistant to cefepime, and one isolate was resistant to meropenem. Chromosomal EBC family gene was amplified from 36 (47.4%) E. cloacae and three (25%) E. asburiae. A novel blaDHA type plasmid-mediated AmpC gene was identified for the first time from an E. cloacae isolate. AmpC β-lactamase production was detected in 99 (89.2%) of 111 potential AmpC β-lactamase producers (positive in cefoxitin disk screening) using D69C AmpC detection set. The detection rates were lower with CC-DDS (80.2%) and AmpC induction tests (50.5%). There was low agreement between the D69C AmpC detection set and the other two phenotypic tests. Of the 40 isolates with AmpC genes detected in this study, 87.5%, 77.5% and 50.0% of these isolates were positive by the D69C AmpC detection set, CC-DDS and AmpC induction tests, respectively.
Besides MIR/ACT gene, a novel plasmid-mediated AmpC gene belonging to the DHA-type was identified in this study. Low agreement was noted between the D69C AmpC detection set and two other phenotypic tests for detection of AmpC production in Enterobacter spp. As plasmid-mediated genes may serve as the reservoir for the emergence of antibiotic resistance in a clinical setting, surveillance and infection control measures are necessary to limit the spread of these genes in the hospital.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150643</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26963619</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>AmpC gene ; Antibiotic resistance ; Antibiotics ; Antimicrobial agents ; Bacterial Proteins - genetics ; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism ; beta-Lactamases - genetics ; beta-Lactamases - metabolism ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cefepime ; Cefotaxime ; Cefoxitin ; Ceftazidime ; Ceftriaxone ; Citrobacter ; Clinical isolates ; Cloxacillin ; Diagnostic systems ; Drug resistance ; E coli ; Enterobacter ; Enterobacter - enzymology ; Enterobacter - genetics ; Enterobacter - isolation & purification ; Enterobacter aerogenes ; Enterobacter cloacae ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Genes ; Genotype ; Genotyping Techniques ; Health care facilities ; Hospitals ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Malaysia ; Male ; Mass spectrometry ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Meropenem ; Microbiology ; MOX ; Physical Sciences ; Plasmids ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Salmonella ; Scientific imaging ; Screening ; Serratia ; Test procedures</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-03, Vol.11 (3), p.e0150643-e0150643</ispartof><rights>2016 Mohd Khari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Mohd Khari et al 2016 Mohd Khari et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-c6d1064bacacae85a75eb683bd148f0ec3e4499b632c9a1c30f3cc39fd2918933</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-c6d1064bacacae85a75eb683bd148f0ec3e4499b632c9a1c30f3cc39fd2918933</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786217/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786217/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2100,2926,23865,27923,27924,53790,53792,79371,79372</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26963619$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Galdiero, Massimiliano</contributor><creatorcontrib>Mohd Khari, Fatin Izzati</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karunakaran, Rina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosli, Roshalina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tee Tay, Sun</creatorcontrib><title>Genotypic and Phenotypic Detection of AmpC β-lactamases in Enterobacter spp. Isolated from a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of chromosomal and plasmid-mediated β-lactamases (AmpC) genes in a collection of Malaysian isolates of Enterobacter species. Several phenotypic tests for detection of AmpC production of Enterobacter spp. were evaluated and the agreements between tests were determined.
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for 117 Enterobacter clinical isolates obtained from the Medical Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory, University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia, from November 2012-February 2014 were determined in accordance to CLSI guidelines. AmpC genes were detected using a multiplex PCR assay targeting the MIR/ACT gene (closely related to chromosomal EBC family gene) and other plasmid-mediated genes, including DHA, MOX, CMY, ACC, and FOX. The AmpC β-lactamase production of the isolates was assessed using cefoxitin disk screening test, D69C AmpC detection set, cefoxitin-cloxacillin double disk synergy test (CC-DDS) and AmpC induction test.
Among the Enterobacter isolates in this study, 39.3% were resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone and 23.9% were resistant to ceftazidime. Ten (8.5%) of the isolates were resistant to cefepime, and one isolate was resistant to meropenem. Chromosomal EBC family gene was amplified from 36 (47.4%) E. cloacae and three (25%) E. asburiae. A novel blaDHA type plasmid-mediated AmpC gene was identified for the first time from an E. cloacae isolate. AmpC β-lactamase production was detected in 99 (89.2%) of 111 potential AmpC β-lactamase producers (positive in cefoxitin disk screening) using D69C AmpC detection set. The detection rates were lower with CC-DDS (80.2%) and AmpC induction tests (50.5%). There was low agreement between the D69C AmpC detection set and the other two phenotypic tests. Of the 40 isolates with AmpC genes detected in this study, 87.5%, 77.5% and 50.0% of these isolates were positive by the D69C AmpC detection set, CC-DDS and AmpC induction tests, respectively.
Besides MIR/ACT gene, a novel plasmid-mediated AmpC gene belonging to the DHA-type was identified in this study. Low agreement was noted between the D69C AmpC detection set and two other phenotypic tests for detection of AmpC production in Enterobacter spp. As plasmid-mediated genes may serve as the reservoir for the emergence of antibiotic resistance in a clinical setting, surveillance and infection control measures are necessary to limit the spread of these genes in the hospital.</description><subject>AmpC gene</subject><subject>Antibiotic resistance</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>beta-Lactamases - genetics</subject><subject>beta-Lactamases - metabolism</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cefepime</subject><subject>Cefotaxime</subject><subject>Cefoxitin</subject><subject>Ceftazidime</subject><subject>Ceftriaxone</subject><subject>Citrobacter</subject><subject>Clinical isolates</subject><subject>Cloxacillin</subject><subject>Diagnostic systems</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Enterobacter</subject><subject>Enterobacter - enzymology</subject><subject>Enterobacter - genetics</subject><subject>Enterobacter - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Enterobacter aerogenes</subject><subject>Enterobacter cloacae</subject><subject>Enterobacteriaceae</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotyping Techniques</subject><subject>Health care facilities</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Hospitals, Teaching</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Malaysia</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Meropenem</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>MOX</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Plasmids</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Salmonella</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Screening</subject><subject>Serratia</subject><subject>Test procedures</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUtFu0zAUjRCIjcEfILDECy8pcRw78QvSVMZWaQgexrN149y0rhw72C5SxV_tQ_ZNpGtXbQj5wfb1OefeY50se0uLGWU1_bT2m-DAzkbvcFZQXoiKPctOqWRlLsqCPX90PslexbguCs4aIV5mJ6WQggkqT7M_l-h82o5GE3Ad-bE6Xr9gQp2Md8T35HwY5-TuNregEwwQMRLjyIVLGHw71TCQOI4zsojeQsKO9MEPBMgNgl4ZtyRXPo4mgd3RvoGFbTTwOnvRg4345rCfZT-_XtzMr_Lr75eL-fl1rnkpUq5FRydzU5tpYcOh5tiKhrUdrZq-QM2wqqRsBSu1BKpZ0TOtmey7UtJGMnaWvd_rjtZHdfi3qGhdl5TX4h6x2CM6D2s1BjNA2CoPRt0XfFgqCMloi6qlHW37Spct4xWn2AiJRdnKHnjd8l5MWp8P3TbtgJ1GlwLYJ6JPX5xZqaX_raq6ESWtJ4GPB4Hgf20wJjWYqNFacOg3-7kbVlHBJ-iHf6D_d1ftUTr4GAP2x2FooXZZemCpXZbUIUsT7d1jI0fSQ3jYX4ICygY</recordid><startdate>20160310</startdate><enddate>20160310</enddate><creator>Mohd Khari, Fatin Izzati</creator><creator>Karunakaran, Rina</creator><creator>Rosli, Roshalina</creator><creator>Tee Tay, Sun</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160310</creationdate><title>Genotypic and Phenotypic Detection of AmpC β-lactamases in Enterobacter spp. Isolated from a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia</title><author>Mohd Khari, Fatin Izzati ; Karunakaran, Rina ; Rosli, Roshalina ; Tee Tay, Sun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-c6d1064bacacae85a75eb683bd148f0ec3e4499b632c9a1c30f3cc39fd2918933</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>AmpC gene</topic><topic>Antibiotic resistance</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Antimicrobial agents</topic><topic>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Bacterial Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>beta-Lactamases - genetics</topic><topic>beta-Lactamases - metabolism</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Cefepime</topic><topic>Cefotaxime</topic><topic>Cefoxitin</topic><topic>Ceftazidime</topic><topic>Ceftriaxone</topic><topic>Citrobacter</topic><topic>Clinical isolates</topic><topic>Cloxacillin</topic><topic>Diagnostic systems</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Enterobacter</topic><topic>Enterobacter - enzymology</topic><topic>Enterobacter - genetics</topic><topic>Enterobacter - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Enterobacter aerogenes</topic><topic>Enterobacter cloacae</topic><topic>Enterobacteriaceae</topic><topic>Escherichia coli</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Genotyping Techniques</topic><topic>Health care facilities</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Hospitals, Teaching</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Malaysia</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Meropenem</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>MOX</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Plasmids</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Salmonella</topic><topic>Scientific imaging</topic><topic>Screening</topic><topic>Serratia</topic><topic>Test procedures</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mohd Khari, Fatin Izzati</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karunakaran, Rina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosli, Roshalina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tee Tay, Sun</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mohd Khari, Fatin Izzati</au><au>Karunakaran, Rina</au><au>Rosli, Roshalina</au><au>Tee Tay, Sun</au><au>Galdiero, Massimiliano</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Genotypic and Phenotypic Detection of AmpC β-lactamases in Enterobacter spp. Isolated from a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-03-10</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e0150643</spage><epage>e0150643</epage><pages>e0150643-e0150643</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of chromosomal and plasmid-mediated β-lactamases (AmpC) genes in a collection of Malaysian isolates of Enterobacter species. Several phenotypic tests for detection of AmpC production of Enterobacter spp. were evaluated and the agreements between tests were determined.
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for 117 Enterobacter clinical isolates obtained from the Medical Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory, University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia, from November 2012-February 2014 were determined in accordance to CLSI guidelines. AmpC genes were detected using a multiplex PCR assay targeting the MIR/ACT gene (closely related to chromosomal EBC family gene) and other plasmid-mediated genes, including DHA, MOX, CMY, ACC, and FOX. The AmpC β-lactamase production of the isolates was assessed using cefoxitin disk screening test, D69C AmpC detection set, cefoxitin-cloxacillin double disk synergy test (CC-DDS) and AmpC induction test.
Among the Enterobacter isolates in this study, 39.3% were resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone and 23.9% were resistant to ceftazidime. Ten (8.5%) of the isolates were resistant to cefepime, and one isolate was resistant to meropenem. Chromosomal EBC family gene was amplified from 36 (47.4%) E. cloacae and three (25%) E. asburiae. A novel blaDHA type plasmid-mediated AmpC gene was identified for the first time from an E. cloacae isolate. AmpC β-lactamase production was detected in 99 (89.2%) of 111 potential AmpC β-lactamase producers (positive in cefoxitin disk screening) using D69C AmpC detection set. The detection rates were lower with CC-DDS (80.2%) and AmpC induction tests (50.5%). There was low agreement between the D69C AmpC detection set and the other two phenotypic tests. Of the 40 isolates with AmpC genes detected in this study, 87.5%, 77.5% and 50.0% of these isolates were positive by the D69C AmpC detection set, CC-DDS and AmpC induction tests, respectively.
Besides MIR/ACT gene, a novel plasmid-mediated AmpC gene belonging to the DHA-type was identified in this study. Low agreement was noted between the D69C AmpC detection set and two other phenotypic tests for detection of AmpC production in Enterobacter spp. As plasmid-mediated genes may serve as the reservoir for the emergence of antibiotic resistance in a clinical setting, surveillance and infection control measures are necessary to limit the spread of these genes in the hospital.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26963619</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0150643</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2016-03, Vol.11 (3), p.e0150643-e0150643 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1772157693 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | AmpC gene Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Bacterial Proteins - genetics Bacterial Proteins - metabolism beta-Lactamases - genetics beta-Lactamases - metabolism Biology and Life Sciences Cefepime Cefotaxime Cefoxitin Ceftazidime Ceftriaxone Citrobacter Clinical isolates Cloxacillin Diagnostic systems Drug resistance E coli Enterobacter Enterobacter - enzymology Enterobacter - genetics Enterobacter - isolation & purification Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli Female Genes Genotype Genotyping Techniques Health care facilities Hospitals Hospitals, Teaching Humans Laboratories Malaysia Male Mass spectrometry Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Meropenem Microbiology MOX Physical Sciences Plasmids Research and Analysis Methods Salmonella Scientific imaging Screening Serratia Test procedures |
| title | Genotypic and Phenotypic Detection of AmpC β-lactamases in Enterobacter spp. Isolated from a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia |
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