Chronic Nicotine Exposure Abolishes Maternal Systemic and Renal Adaptations to Pregnancy in Rats
Pregnancy is characterized by maternal systemic and intrarenal vasodilation, leading to increases in the renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These responses are mainly mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and relaxin. The impact of cigarette smoking on the maternal adaptations to...
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| description | Pregnancy is characterized by maternal systemic and intrarenal vasodilation, leading to increases in the renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These responses are mainly mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and relaxin. The impact of cigarette smoking on the maternal adaptations to pregnancy is unclear. Here we evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to nicotine on systemic and intrarenal parameters in virgin (V) and 14-day pregnant (P) Wistar rats. V and P groups received saline or nicotine (6 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) respectively, via osmotic minipumps for 28 days, starting 14 days before pregnancy induction. Nicotine induced a 10% increase in blood pressure in the V group and minimized the characteristic pregnancy-induced hypotension. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA) and baroreflex sensitivity were impaired by nicotine mainly in the P group, indicating that the effect of nicotine on blood pressure was not mediated by nervous system stimulation. Nicotine had no effect on GFR in the V rats but reduced GFR of the P group by 30%. Renal expression of sodium and water transporters was downregulated by nicotine, resulting in increased fractional sodium excretion mainly in the P group, suggesting that nicotine compromised the sodium and water retention required for normal gestation. There was a reduction in the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in both the kidney tissue and renal artery, as well as in the expression of the relaxin receptor (LGR7). These results clearly show that nicotine induced deleterious effects in both virgin and pregnant animals, and abolished the maternal capacity to adapt to pregnancy. |
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These responses are mainly mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and relaxin. The impact of cigarette smoking on the maternal adaptations to pregnancy is unclear. Here we evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to nicotine on systemic and intrarenal parameters in virgin (V) and 14-day pregnant (P) Wistar rats. V and P groups received saline or nicotine (6 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) respectively, via osmotic minipumps for 28 days, starting 14 days before pregnancy induction. Nicotine induced a 10% increase in blood pressure in the V group and minimized the characteristic pregnancy-induced hypotension. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA) and baroreflex sensitivity were impaired by nicotine mainly in the P group, indicating that the effect of nicotine on blood pressure was not mediated by nervous system stimulation. Nicotine had no effect on GFR in the V rats but reduced GFR of the P group by 30%. Renal expression of sodium and water transporters was downregulated by nicotine, resulting in increased fractional sodium excretion mainly in the P group, suggesting that nicotine compromised the sodium and water retention required for normal gestation. There was a reduction in the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in both the kidney tissue and renal artery, as well as in the expression of the relaxin receptor (LGR7). These results clearly show that nicotine induced deleterious effects in both virgin and pregnant animals, and abolished the maternal capacity to adapt to pregnancy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150096</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26914675</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adaptation ; Adaptation, Physiological - drug effects ; Adaptations ; Animals ; Aquaporins ; Baroreceptors ; Baroreflex - drug effects ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blood ; Blood pressure ; Blood Pressure - drug effects ; Chronic exposure ; Cigarette smoking ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Enzymes ; Excretion ; Exposure ; Female ; Gestation ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Glomerular Filtration Rate - drug effects ; Hypertension ; Hypotension ; Kidney - physiopathology ; Kidneys ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolism ; Nervous system ; Nicotine ; Nicotine - adverse effects ; Nitric oxide ; Nitric Oxide - metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - biosynthesis ; Nitric-oxide synthase ; Physical Sciences ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - biosynthesis ; Receptors, Peptide - biosynthesis ; Reflexes ; Relaxin ; Relaxin - metabolism ; Renal artery ; Renal nerve ; Renal Plasma Flow - drug effects ; Renal plexus ; Rodents ; Smoking ; Sodium ; Sympathetic nerves ; Sympathetic Nervous System - physiology ; Urine ; Vasodilation ; Vasodilation - drug effects ; Vasodilation - physiology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-02, Vol.11 (2), p.e0150096-e0150096</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Ferreira et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Ferreira et al 2016 Ferreira et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-ddcc9d3d3946323a7dd2bba698747d2d7967c454e02ceed4355a685d4e11c9b63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-ddcc9d3d3946323a7dd2bba698747d2d7967c454e02ceed4355a685d4e11c9b63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4768004/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4768004/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26914675$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Vanessa Meira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Passos, Clevia Santos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maquigussa, Edgar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pontes, Roberto Braz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bergamaschi, Cassia Toledo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campos, Ruy Ribeiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boim, Mirian Aparecida</creatorcontrib><title>Chronic Nicotine Exposure Abolishes Maternal Systemic and Renal Adaptations to Pregnancy in Rats</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Pregnancy is characterized by maternal systemic and intrarenal vasodilation, leading to increases in the renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These responses are mainly mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and relaxin. The impact of cigarette smoking on the maternal adaptations to pregnancy is unclear. Here we evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to nicotine on systemic and intrarenal parameters in virgin (V) and 14-day pregnant (P) Wistar rats. V and P groups received saline or nicotine (6 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) respectively, via osmotic minipumps for 28 days, starting 14 days before pregnancy induction. Nicotine induced a 10% increase in blood pressure in the V group and minimized the characteristic pregnancy-induced hypotension. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA) and baroreflex sensitivity were impaired by nicotine mainly in the P group, indicating that the effect of nicotine on blood pressure was not mediated by nervous system stimulation. Nicotine had no effect on GFR in the V rats but reduced GFR of the P group by 30%. Renal expression of sodium and water transporters was downregulated by nicotine, resulting in increased fractional sodium excretion mainly in the P group, suggesting that nicotine compromised the sodium and water retention required for normal gestation. There was a reduction in the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in both the kidney tissue and renal artery, as well as in the expression of the relaxin receptor (LGR7). 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ferreira, Vanessa Meira</au><au>Passos, Clevia Santos</au><au>Maquigussa, Edgar</au><au>Pontes, Roberto Braz</au><au>Bergamaschi, Cassia Toledo</au><au>Campos, Ruy Ribeiro</au><au>Boim, Mirian Aparecida</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Chronic Nicotine Exposure Abolishes Maternal Systemic and Renal Adaptations to Pregnancy in Rats</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-02-25</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e0150096</spage><epage>e0150096</epage><pages>e0150096-e0150096</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Pregnancy is characterized by maternal systemic and intrarenal vasodilation, leading to increases in the renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These responses are mainly mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and relaxin. The impact of cigarette smoking on the maternal adaptations to pregnancy is unclear. Here we evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to nicotine on systemic and intrarenal parameters in virgin (V) and 14-day pregnant (P) Wistar rats. V and P groups received saline or nicotine (6 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) respectively, via osmotic minipumps for 28 days, starting 14 days before pregnancy induction. Nicotine induced a 10% increase in blood pressure in the V group and minimized the characteristic pregnancy-induced hypotension. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA) and baroreflex sensitivity were impaired by nicotine mainly in the P group, indicating that the effect of nicotine on blood pressure was not mediated by nervous system stimulation. Nicotine had no effect on GFR in the V rats but reduced GFR of the P group by 30%. Renal expression of sodium and water transporters was downregulated by nicotine, resulting in increased fractional sodium excretion mainly in the P group, suggesting that nicotine compromised the sodium and water retention required for normal gestation. There was a reduction in the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in both the kidney tissue and renal artery, as well as in the expression of the relaxin receptor (LGR7). These results clearly show that nicotine induced deleterious effects in both virgin and pregnant animals, and abolished the maternal capacity to adapt to pregnancy.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26914675</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0150096</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1771271231 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adaptation Adaptation, Physiological - drug effects Adaptations Animals Aquaporins Baroreceptors Baroreflex - drug effects Biology and Life Sciences Blood Blood pressure Blood Pressure - drug effects Chronic exposure Cigarette smoking Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Enzymes Excretion Exposure Female Gestation Glomerular filtration rate Glomerular Filtration Rate - drug effects Hypertension Hypotension Kidney - physiopathology Kidneys Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism Nervous system Nicotine Nicotine - adverse effects Nitric oxide Nitric Oxide - metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - biosynthesis Nitric-oxide synthase Physical Sciences Physiological aspects Physiology Pregnancy Rats Rats, Wistar Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - biosynthesis Receptors, Peptide - biosynthesis Reflexes Relaxin Relaxin - metabolism Renal artery Renal nerve Renal Plasma Flow - drug effects Renal plexus Rodents Smoking Sodium Sympathetic nerves Sympathetic Nervous System - physiology Urine Vasodilation Vasodilation - drug effects Vasodilation - physiology |
| title | Chronic Nicotine Exposure Abolishes Maternal Systemic and Renal Adaptations to Pregnancy in Rats |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-05T16%3A56%3A31IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chronic%20Nicotine%20Exposure%20Abolishes%20Maternal%20Systemic%20and%20Renal%20Adaptations%20to%20Pregnancy%20in%20Rats&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Ferreira,%20Vanessa%20Meira&rft.date=2016-02-25&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e0150096&rft.epage=e0150096&rft.pages=e0150096-e0150096&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0150096&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA444268424%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1771271231&rft_id=info:pmid/26914675&rft_galeid=A444268424&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_cacc0d0a1c9844b0970231227ebcbaf3&rfr_iscdi=true |