Relationships between Head Circumference, Brain Volume and Cognition in Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Head circumference is used together with other measures as a proxy for central nervous system damage in the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, yet the relationship between head circumference and brain volume has not been investigated in this population. The objective of this study is to...
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| description | Head circumference is used together with other measures as a proxy for central nervous system damage in the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, yet the relationship between head circumference and brain volume has not been investigated in this population. The objective of this study is to characterize the relationship between head circumference, brain volume and cognitive performance in a large sample of children with prenatal alcohol exposure (n = 144) and healthy controls (n = 145), aged 5-19 years. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging to yield brain volumes and head circumference, normalized to control for age and sex. Mean head circumference, brain volume, and cognitive scores were significantly reduced in the prenatal alcohol exposure group relative to controls, albeit with considerable overlap between groups. Males with prenatal alcohol exposure had reductions in all three measures, whereas females with prenatal alcohol exposure had reduced brain volumes and cognitive scores, but no difference in head circumference relative to controls. Microcephaly (defined here as head circumference ≤ 3rd percentile) occurred more often in prenatal alcohol exposed participants than controls, but 90% of the exposed sample had head circumferences above this clinical cutoff indicating that head circumference is not a sensitive marker of prenatal alcohol exposure. Normalized head circumference and brain volume were positively correlated in both groups, and subjects with very low head circumference typically had below-average brain volumes. Conversely, over half of the subjects with very low brain volumes had normal head circumferences, which may stem from differential effects of alcohol on the skeletal and nervous systems. There were no significant correlations between head circumference and any cognitive score. These findings confirm group-level reductions in head circumference and increased rates of microcephaly in children with prenatal alcohol exposure, but raise concerns about the predictive value of this metric at an individual-subject level. |
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The objective of this study is to characterize the relationship between head circumference, brain volume and cognitive performance in a large sample of children with prenatal alcohol exposure (n = 144) and healthy controls (n = 145), aged 5-19 years. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging to yield brain volumes and head circumference, normalized to control for age and sex. Mean head circumference, brain volume, and cognitive scores were significantly reduced in the prenatal alcohol exposure group relative to controls, albeit with considerable overlap between groups. Males with prenatal alcohol exposure had reductions in all three measures, whereas females with prenatal alcohol exposure had reduced brain volumes and cognitive scores, but no difference in head circumference relative to controls. Microcephaly (defined here as head circumference ≤ 3rd percentile) occurred more often in prenatal alcohol exposed participants than controls, but 90% of the exposed sample had head circumferences above this clinical cutoff indicating that head circumference is not a sensitive marker of prenatal alcohol exposure. Normalized head circumference and brain volume were positively correlated in both groups, and subjects with very low head circumference typically had below-average brain volumes. Conversely, over half of the subjects with very low brain volumes had normal head circumferences, which may stem from differential effects of alcohol on the skeletal and nervous systems. There were no significant correlations between head circumference and any cognitive score. These findings confirm group-level reductions in head circumference and increased rates of microcephaly in children with prenatal alcohol exposure, but raise concerns about the predictive value of this metric at an individual-subject level.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150370</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26928125</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Alcohol use ; Alcoholic beverages ; Alcoholism ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Brain ; Brain - pathology ; Central nervous system ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Circumferences ; Cognition ; Cognitive ability ; Complications and side effects ; Demographic aspects ; Development and progression ; Exposure ; Female ; Females ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - diagnosis ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - pathology ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - physiopathology ; Fetal alcohol syndrome ; Head - pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic resonance ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Male ; Males ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microcephaly ; Microcephaly - complications ; Microencephaly ; Neuroimaging ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Organ Size ; People and Places ; Phospholipids ; Physical Sciences ; Physiological aspects ; Pregnant women ; Prenatal development ; Prenatal experience ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-02, Vol.11 (2), p.e0150370</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Treit et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Treit et al 2016 Treit et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-78df66d353e3577857899fa3994f7ee2bd3a09e2af6a4bf1f311683fc9119c9d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-78df66d353e3577857899fa3994f7ee2bd3a09e2af6a4bf1f311683fc9119c9d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4771159/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4771159/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26928125$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Treit, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Dongming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chudley, Albert E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrew, Gail</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rasmussen, Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nikkel, Sarah M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samdup, Dawa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanlon-Dearman, Ana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loock, Christine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beaulieu, Christian</creatorcontrib><title>Relationships between Head Circumference, Brain Volume and Cognition in Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Head circumference is used together with other measures as a proxy for central nervous system damage in the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, yet the relationship between head circumference and brain volume has not been investigated in this population. The objective of this study is to characterize the relationship between head circumference, brain volume and cognitive performance in a large sample of children with prenatal alcohol exposure (n = 144) and healthy controls (n = 145), aged 5-19 years. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging to yield brain volumes and head circumference, normalized to control for age and sex. Mean head circumference, brain volume, and cognitive scores were significantly reduced in the prenatal alcohol exposure group relative to controls, albeit with considerable overlap between groups. Males with prenatal alcohol exposure had reductions in all three measures, whereas females with prenatal alcohol exposure had reduced brain volumes and cognitive scores, but no difference in head circumference relative to controls. Microcephaly (defined here as head circumference ≤ 3rd percentile) occurred more often in prenatal alcohol exposed participants than controls, but 90% of the exposed sample had head circumferences above this clinical cutoff indicating that head circumference is not a sensitive marker of prenatal alcohol exposure. Normalized head circumference and brain volume were positively correlated in both groups, and subjects with very low head circumference typically had below-average brain volumes. Conversely, over half of the subjects with very low brain volumes had normal head circumferences, which may stem from differential effects of alcohol on the skeletal and nervous systems. There were no significant correlations between head circumference and any cognitive score. 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One</addtitle><date>2016-02-29</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e0150370</spage><pages>e0150370-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Head circumference is used together with other measures as a proxy for central nervous system damage in the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, yet the relationship between head circumference and brain volume has not been investigated in this population. The objective of this study is to characterize the relationship between head circumference, brain volume and cognitive performance in a large sample of children with prenatal alcohol exposure (n = 144) and healthy controls (n = 145), aged 5-19 years. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging to yield brain volumes and head circumference, normalized to control for age and sex. Mean head circumference, brain volume, and cognitive scores were significantly reduced in the prenatal alcohol exposure group relative to controls, albeit with considerable overlap between groups. Males with prenatal alcohol exposure had reductions in all three measures, whereas females with prenatal alcohol exposure had reduced brain volumes and cognitive scores, but no difference in head circumference relative to controls. Microcephaly (defined here as head circumference ≤ 3rd percentile) occurred more often in prenatal alcohol exposed participants than controls, but 90% of the exposed sample had head circumferences above this clinical cutoff indicating that head circumference is not a sensitive marker of prenatal alcohol exposure. Normalized head circumference and brain volume were positively correlated in both groups, and subjects with very low head circumference typically had below-average brain volumes. Conversely, over half of the subjects with very low brain volumes had normal head circumferences, which may stem from differential effects of alcohol on the skeletal and nervous systems. There were no significant correlations between head circumference and any cognitive score. These findings confirm group-level reductions in head circumference and increased rates of microcephaly in children with prenatal alcohol exposure, but raise concerns about the predictive value of this metric at an individual-subject level.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26928125</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0150370</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | PloS one, 2016-02, Vol.11 (2), p.e0150370 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1768879562 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adolescent Age Factors Alcohol use Alcoholic beverages Alcoholism Biology and Life Sciences Brain Brain - pathology Central nervous system Child Child, Preschool Children Circumferences Cognition Cognitive ability Complications and side effects Demographic aspects Development and progression Exposure Female Females Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - diagnosis Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - pathology Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - physiopathology Fetal alcohol syndrome Head - pathology Humans Magnetic resonance Magnetic resonance imaging Male Males Medicine and Health Sciences Microcephaly Microcephaly - complications Microencephaly Neuroimaging NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Organ Size People and Places Phospholipids Physical Sciences Physiological aspects Pregnant women Prenatal development Prenatal experience Research and Analysis Methods Young Adult |
| title | Relationships between Head Circumference, Brain Volume and Cognition in Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-03T19%3A48%3A54IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Relationships%20between%20Head%20Circumference,%20Brain%20Volume%20and%20Cognition%20in%20Children%20with%20Prenatal%20Alcohol%20Exposure&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Treit,%20Sarah&rft.date=2016-02-29&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e0150370&rft.pages=e0150370-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0150370&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA444676608%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1768879562&rft_id=info:pmid/26928125&rft_galeid=A444676608&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_dced1f5ea23d4008abfbc920c9bc1066&rfr_iscdi=true |