Identification of CdnL, a Putative Transcriptional Regulator Involved in Repair and Outgrowth of Heat-Damaged Bacillus cereus Spores
Spores are widely present in the environment and are common contaminants in the food chain, creating a challenge for food industry. Nowadays, heat treatments conventionally applied in food processing may become milder to comply with consumer desire for products with higher sensory and nutritional va...
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| description | Spores are widely present in the environment and are common contaminants in the food chain, creating a challenge for food industry. Nowadays, heat treatments conventionally applied in food processing may become milder to comply with consumer desire for products with higher sensory and nutritional values. Consequently subpopulations of spores may emerge that are sublethally damaged rather than inactivated. Such spores may germinate, repair damage, and eventually grow out leading to uncontrolled spoilage and safety issues. To gain insight into both the behaviour of damaged Bacillus cereus spores, and the process of damage repair, we assessed the germination and outgrowth performance using OD595 measurements and microscopy combined with genome-wide transcription analysis of untreated and heat-treated spores. The first two methods showed delayed germination and outgrowth of heat-damaged B. cereus ATCC14579 spores. A subset of genes uniquely expressed in heat-treated spores was identified with putative roles in the outgrowth of damaged spores, including cdnL (BC4714) encoding the putative transcriptional regulator CdnL. Next, a B. cereus ATCC14579 cdnL (BC4714) deletion mutant was constructed and assessment of outgrowth from heat-treated spores under food relevant conditions showed increased damage compared to wild type spores. The approach used in this study allows for identification of candidate genes involved in spore damage repair. Further identification of cellular parameters and characterisation of the molecular processes contributing to spore damage repair may provide leads for better control of spore outgrowth in foods. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0148670 |
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Nowadays, heat treatments conventionally applied in food processing may become milder to comply with consumer desire for products with higher sensory and nutritional values. Consequently subpopulations of spores may emerge that are sublethally damaged rather than inactivated. Such spores may germinate, repair damage, and eventually grow out leading to uncontrolled spoilage and safety issues. To gain insight into both the behaviour of damaged Bacillus cereus spores, and the process of damage repair, we assessed the germination and outgrowth performance using OD595 measurements and microscopy combined with genome-wide transcription analysis of untreated and heat-treated spores. The first two methods showed delayed germination and outgrowth of heat-damaged B. cereus ATCC14579 spores. A subset of genes uniquely expressed in heat-treated spores was identified with putative roles in the outgrowth of damaged spores, including cdnL (BC4714) encoding the putative transcriptional regulator CdnL. Next, a B. cereus ATCC14579 cdnL (BC4714) deletion mutant was constructed and assessment of outgrowth from heat-treated spores under food relevant conditions showed increased damage compared to wild type spores. The approach used in this study allows for identification of candidate genes involved in spore damage repair. Further identification of cellular parameters and characterisation of the molecular processes contributing to spore damage repair may provide leads for better control of spore outgrowth in foods.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148670</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26849219</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Bacillus ; Bacillus cereus ; Bacillus cereus - physiology ; Bacillus subtilis ; Bacterial Proteins - biosynthesis ; Bacterial Proteins - genetics ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Clonal deletion ; Contaminants ; Damage assessment ; Damage detection ; Deletion mutant ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA damage ; Food chains ; Food contamination ; Food industry ; Food Microbiology ; Food Microbiology Laboratory ; Food processing ; Food processing industry ; Gene Deletion ; Gene expression ; Genes ; Genomes ; Germination ; Heat treatment ; Heat treatments ; Hot Temperature ; Laboratories ; Laboratorium Levensmiddelenmicrobiologie ; Levensmiddelenmicrobiologie ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microscopy ; Myxococcus xanthus ; Nutrition ; Parameter identification ; Proteins ; Repair ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Spoilage ; Spore outgrowth ; Spores ; Spores, Bacterial - genetics ; Spores, Bacterial - growth & development ; Subpopulations ; Transcription (Genetics) ; Transcription Factors - biosynthesis ; Transcription Factors - genetics ; VLAG</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-02, Vol.11 (2), p.e0148670</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Warda et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Further identification of cellular parameters and characterisation of the molecular processes contributing to spore damage repair may provide leads for better control of spore outgrowth in foods.</description><subject>Bacillus</subject><subject>Bacillus cereus</subject><subject>Bacillus cereus - physiology</subject><subject>Bacillus subtilis</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Clonal deletion</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Damage assessment</subject><subject>Damage detection</subject><subject>Deletion mutant</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA damage</subject><subject>Food chains</subject><subject>Food contamination</subject><subject>Food industry</subject><subject>Food Microbiology</subject><subject>Food Microbiology Laboratory</subject><subject>Food processing</subject><subject>Food processing industry</subject><subject>Gene Deletion</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Heat treatment</subject><subject>Heat treatments</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Laboratorium Levensmiddelenmicrobiologie</subject><subject>Levensmiddelenmicrobiologie</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Myxococcus xanthus</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Parameter identification</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Repair</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Spoilage</subject><subject>Spore outgrowth</subject><subject>Spores</subject><subject>Spores, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Spores, Bacterial - growth & development</subject><subject>Subpopulations</subject><subject>Transcription (Genetics)</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - genetics</subject><subject>VLAG</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11rFDEUhgdRbK3-A9EBQRDcNV-TZHoh1PrRhUKlrd6GTCYzm5JNxiSz1Xt_uJnutnRBQQbmhDPP-3LOmZyieA7BHGIG3135MThp54N3eg4g4ZSBB8U-rDGaUQTww3vnveJJjFcAVJhT-rjYQ5STGsF6v_i9aLVLpjNKJuNd6bvyuHWnb0tZfh1Tzq11eRmkiyqYYSKkLc91P1qZfCgXbu3tWrelcTk7SBNK6drybEx98NdpOdmdaJlmH-VK9pn7IJWxdoyl0kHncDH4oOPT4lEnbdTPtvGg-Pb50-Xxyez07Mvi-Oh0phjBaYY72GneIqwIQ7WWdc0Qw5y1mDYN7BrOIGcS4IoqzglrKAEVoR3lQFa44xU-KF5ufAfro9gOMArIKOIY1mgiFhui9fJKDMGsZPglvDTiJuFDL2RIRlktFAAQUcwrrVtCoGzaqm0wQhXP061yUQfF4cbrOrfujMsv4WRQJt4YWtOEyfx6DMLZKQxjE0UFIAc4i99vSx2blW5V_klB2p2Kdr84sxS9XwvCCEWozgavtgbB_xh1TP_od0v1MrdkXOezmVqZqMQRIYjUDHCeqflfqPy0emVUvn-dyfkdwZsdQWaS_pl6OcYoFhfn_8-efd9lX99jl1ratIzejtPFjLsg2YAq-BiD7u4mB4GY1ud2GmJaH7Fdnyx7cX_qd6LbfcF_AKzyFtY</recordid><startdate>20160205</startdate><enddate>20160205</enddate><creator>Warda, Alicja K</creator><creator>Tempelaars, Marcel H</creator><creator>Boekhorst, Jos</creator><creator>Abee, Tjakko</creator><creator>Nierop Groot, Masja N</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>QVL</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160205</creationdate><title>Identification of CdnL, a Putative Transcriptional Regulator Involved in Repair and Outgrowth of Heat-Damaged Bacillus cereus Spores</title><author>Warda, Alicja K ; Tempelaars, Marcel H ; Boekhorst, Jos ; Abee, Tjakko ; Nierop Groot, Masja N</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c743t-3f1fe8d23c4729ea99727387d36bb1fb87187a0356c8847b640546f680a53f853</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Bacillus</topic><topic>Bacillus cereus</topic><topic>Bacillus cereus - 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Nowadays, heat treatments conventionally applied in food processing may become milder to comply with consumer desire for products with higher sensory and nutritional values. Consequently subpopulations of spores may emerge that are sublethally damaged rather than inactivated. Such spores may germinate, repair damage, and eventually grow out leading to uncontrolled spoilage and safety issues. To gain insight into both the behaviour of damaged Bacillus cereus spores, and the process of damage repair, we assessed the germination and outgrowth performance using OD595 measurements and microscopy combined with genome-wide transcription analysis of untreated and heat-treated spores. The first two methods showed delayed germination and outgrowth of heat-damaged B. cereus ATCC14579 spores. A subset of genes uniquely expressed in heat-treated spores was identified with putative roles in the outgrowth of damaged spores, including cdnL (BC4714) encoding the putative transcriptional regulator CdnL. Next, a B. cereus ATCC14579 cdnL (BC4714) deletion mutant was constructed and assessment of outgrowth from heat-treated spores under food relevant conditions showed increased damage compared to wild type spores. The approach used in this study allows for identification of candidate genes involved in spore damage repair. Further identification of cellular parameters and characterisation of the molecular processes contributing to spore damage repair may provide leads for better control of spore outgrowth in foods.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26849219</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0148670</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2016-02, Vol.11 (2), p.e0148670 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1762831925 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Bacillus Bacillus cereus Bacillus cereus - physiology Bacillus subtilis Bacterial Proteins - biosynthesis Bacterial Proteins - genetics Biology and Life Sciences Clonal deletion Contaminants Damage assessment Damage detection Deletion mutant Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA damage Food chains Food contamination Food industry Food Microbiology Food Microbiology Laboratory Food processing Food processing industry Gene Deletion Gene expression Genes Genomes Germination Heat treatment Heat treatments Hot Temperature Laboratories Laboratorium Levensmiddelenmicrobiologie Levensmiddelenmicrobiologie Medicine and Health Sciences Microscopy Myxococcus xanthus Nutrition Parameter identification Proteins Repair Research and Analysis Methods Spoilage Spore outgrowth Spores Spores, Bacterial - genetics Spores, Bacterial - growth & development Subpopulations Transcription (Genetics) Transcription Factors - biosynthesis Transcription Factors - genetics VLAG |
| title | Identification of CdnL, a Putative Transcriptional Regulator Involved in Repair and Outgrowth of Heat-Damaged Bacillus cereus Spores |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-11T06%3A32%3A27IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Identification%20of%20CdnL,%20a%20Putative%20Transcriptional%20Regulator%20Involved%20in%20Repair%20and%20Outgrowth%20of%20Heat-Damaged%20Bacillus%20cereus%20Spores&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Warda,%20Alicja%20K&rft.date=2016-02-05&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e0148670&rft.pages=e0148670-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148670&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA442497088%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1762831925&rft_id=info:pmid/26849219&rft_galeid=A442497088&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_c00126385eed441abd5db3225826857d&rfr_iscdi=true |