Genetics, Morphology, Advertisement Calls, and Historical Records Distinguish Six New Polyploid Species of African Clawed Frog (Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa
African clawed frogs, genus Xenopus, are extraordinary among vertebrates in the diversity of their polyploid species and the high number of independent polyploidization events that occurred during their diversification. Here we update current understanding of the evolutionary history of this group a...
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| creator | Evans, Ben J Carter, Timothy F Greenbaum, Eli Gvoždík, Václav Kelley, Darcy B McLaughlin, Patrick J Pauwels, Olivier S G Portik, Daniel M Stanley, Edward L Tinsley, Richard C Tobias, Martha L Blackburn, David C |
| description | African clawed frogs, genus Xenopus, are extraordinary among vertebrates in the diversity of their polyploid species and the high number of independent polyploidization events that occurred during their diversification. Here we update current understanding of the evolutionary history of this group and describe six new species from west and central sub-Saharan Africa, including four tetraploids and two dodecaploids. We provide information on molecular variation, morphology, karyotypes, vocalizations, and estimated geographic ranges, which support the distinctiveness of these new species. We resurrect Xenopus calcaratus from synonymy of Xenopus tropicalis and refer populations from Bioko Island and coastal Cameroon (near Mt. Cameroon) to this species. To facilitate comparisons to the new species, we also provide comments on the type specimens, morphology, and distributions of X. epitropicalis, X. tropicalis, and X. fraseri. This includes significantly restricted application of the names X. fraseri and X. epitropicalis, the first of which we argue is known definitively only from type specimens and possibly one other specimen. Inferring the evolutionary histories of these new species allows refinement of species groups within Xenopus and leads to our recognition of two subgenera (Xenopus and Silurana) and three species groups within the subgenus Xenopus (amieti, laevis, and muelleri species groups). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0142823 |
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Here we update current understanding of the evolutionary history of this group and describe six new species from west and central sub-Saharan Africa, including four tetraploids and two dodecaploids. We provide information on molecular variation, morphology, karyotypes, vocalizations, and estimated geographic ranges, which support the distinctiveness of these new species. We resurrect Xenopus calcaratus from synonymy of Xenopus tropicalis and refer populations from Bioko Island and coastal Cameroon (near Mt. Cameroon) to this species. To facilitate comparisons to the new species, we also provide comments on the type specimens, morphology, and distributions of X. epitropicalis, X. tropicalis, and X. fraseri. This includes significantly restricted application of the names X. fraseri and X. epitropicalis, the first of which we argue is known definitively only from type specimens and possibly one other specimen. Inferring the evolutionary histories of these new species allows refinement of species groups within Xenopus and leads to our recognition of two subgenera (Xenopus and Silurana) and three species groups within the subgenus Xenopus (amieti, laevis, and muelleri species groups).</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142823</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26672747</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Advertisements ; Advertising ; Africa, Central ; Africa, Western ; Amphibians ; Analysis ; Animals ; Anura ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Biology ; Chromosomes ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Evolution ; Frogs ; Genetics ; Genomes ; Haplotypes ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Karyotype ; Karyotypes ; Morphology ; Museums ; New records ; New species ; Parasitology ; Phenotype ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; Pipidae ; Polyploidy ; Reptiles & amphibians ; Silurana ; Species diversity ; Synonymy ; Vertebrates ; Xenopus ; Xenopus - anatomy & histology ; Xenopus - classification ; Xenopus - genetics ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-12, Vol.10 (12), p.e0142823-e0142823</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Evans et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Evans et al 2015 Evans et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-502c4be1008a9ac82223b961ee4fb1fa5e37e22173249fe9d35c41a72ea457c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-502c4be1008a9ac82223b961ee4fb1fa5e37e22173249fe9d35c41a72ea457c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4682732/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4682732/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26672747$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Evans, Ben J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carter, Timothy F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greenbaum, Eli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gvoždík, Václav</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelley, Darcy B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLaughlin, Patrick J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pauwels, Olivier S G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Portik, Daniel M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stanley, Edward L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tinsley, Richard C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tobias, Martha L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blackburn, David C</creatorcontrib><title>Genetics, Morphology, Advertisement Calls, and Historical Records Distinguish Six New Polyploid Species of African Clawed Frog (Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>African clawed frogs, genus Xenopus, are extraordinary among vertebrates in the diversity of their polyploid species and the high number of independent polyploidization events that occurred during their diversification. 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Inferring the evolutionary histories of these new species allows refinement of species groups within Xenopus and leads to our recognition of two subgenera (Xenopus and Silurana) and three species groups within the subgenus Xenopus (amieti, laevis, and muelleri species groups).</description><subject>Advertisements</subject><subject>Advertising</subject><subject>Africa, Central</subject><subject>Africa, Western</subject><subject>Amphibians</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anura</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biological Evolution</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Chromosomes</subject><subject>DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic</subject><subject>DNA, Mitochondrial</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Frogs</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Haplotypes</subject><subject>Hybridization, Genetic</subject><subject>Karyotype</subject><subject>Karyotypes</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Museums</subject><subject>New records</subject><subject>New species</subject><subject>Parasitology</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Phylogeography</subject><subject>Pipidae</subject><subject>Polyploidy</subject><subject>Reptiles & amphibians</subject><subject>Silurana</subject><subject>Species diversity</subject><subject>Synonymy</subject><subject>Vertebrates</subject><subject>Xenopus</subject><subject>Xenopus - 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Here we update current understanding of the evolutionary history of this group and describe six new species from west and central sub-Saharan Africa, including four tetraploids and two dodecaploids. We provide information on molecular variation, morphology, karyotypes, vocalizations, and estimated geographic ranges, which support the distinctiveness of these new species. We resurrect Xenopus calcaratus from synonymy of Xenopus tropicalis and refer populations from Bioko Island and coastal Cameroon (near Mt. Cameroon) to this species. To facilitate comparisons to the new species, we also provide comments on the type specimens, morphology, and distributions of X. epitropicalis, X. tropicalis, and X. fraseri. This includes significantly restricted application of the names X. fraseri and X. epitropicalis, the first of which we argue is known definitively only from type specimens and possibly one other specimen. Inferring the evolutionary histories of these new species allows refinement of species groups within Xenopus and leads to our recognition of two subgenera (Xenopus and Silurana) and three species groups within the subgenus Xenopus (amieti, laevis, and muelleri species groups).</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26672747</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0142823</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2015-12, Vol.10 (12), p.e0142823-e0142823 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1757042319 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Advertisements Advertising Africa, Central Africa, Western Amphibians Analysis Animals Anura Biodiversity Biological Evolution Biology Chromosomes DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic DNA, Mitochondrial Evolution Frogs Genetics Genomes Haplotypes Hybridization, Genetic Karyotype Karyotypes Morphology Museums New records New species Parasitology Phenotype Phylogenetics Phylogeny Phylogeography Pipidae Polyploidy Reptiles & amphibians Silurana Species diversity Synonymy Vertebrates Xenopus Xenopus - anatomy & histology Xenopus - classification Xenopus - genetics Zoology |
| title | Genetics, Morphology, Advertisement Calls, and Historical Records Distinguish Six New Polyploid Species of African Clawed Frog (Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-09T07%3A30%3A40IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Genetics,%20Morphology,%20Advertisement%20Calls,%20and%20Historical%20Records%20Distinguish%20Six%20New%20Polyploid%20Species%20of%20African%20Clawed%20Frog%20(Xenopus,%20Pipidae)%20from%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Evans,%20Ben%20J&rft.date=2015-12-16&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=e0142823&rft.epage=e0142823&rft.pages=e0142823-e0142823&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0142823&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA437664485%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1757042319&rft_id=info:pmid/26672747&rft_galeid=A437664485&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_9b2731105cf0460f97d73a15c072d446&rfr_iscdi=true |