Promise and Challenge of DNA Barcoding in Venus Slipper (Paphiopedilum)

Orchidaceae are one of the largest families of flowering plants, with over 27,000 species described and all orchids are listed in CITES. Moreover, the seedlings of orchid species from the same genus are similar. The objective of DNA barcoding is rapid, accurate, and automated species identification,...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2016-01, Vol.11 (1), p.e0146880-e0146880
Hauptverfasser: Guo, Yan-Yan, Huang, Lai-Qiang, Liu, Zhong-Jian, Wang, Xiao-Quan
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description Orchidaceae are one of the largest families of flowering plants, with over 27,000 species described and all orchids are listed in CITES. Moreover, the seedlings of orchid species from the same genus are similar. The objective of DNA barcoding is rapid, accurate, and automated species identification, which may be used to identify illegally traded endangered species from vegetative specimens of Paphiopedilum (Venus slipper), a flagship group for plant conservation with high ornamental and commercial values. Here, we selected eight chloroplast barcodes and nrITS to evaluate their suitability in Venus slippers. The results indicate that all tested barcodes had no barcoding gap and the core plant barcodes showed low resolution for the identification of Venus slippers (18.86%). Of the single-locus barcodes, nrITS is the most efficient for the species identification of the genus (52.27%), whereas matK + atpF-atpH is the most efficient multi-locus combination (28.97%). Therefore, we recommend the combination of matK + atpF-atpH + ITS as a barcode for Venus slippers. Furthermore, there is an upper limit of resolution of the candidate barcodes, and only half of the taxa with multiple samples were identified successfully. The low efficiency of these candidate barcodes in Venus slippers may be caused by relatively recent speciation, the upper limit of the barcodes, and/or the sampling density. Although the discriminatory power is relatively low, DNA barcoding may be a promising tool to identify species involved in illegal trade, which has broad applications and is valuable for orchid conservation.
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subjects Bar codes
Chloroplasts
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species)
Conservation
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic - methods
DNA, Chloroplast - genetics
DNA, Intergenic - genetics
DNA, Plant - genetics
Endangered species
Evolution
Flowering
Footwear
Gene sequencing
Genes
Genes, Plant
Genetic Variation
Haplotypes
Identification
Laboratories
Loci
Magnoliophyta
Mutation
Orchidaceae
Orchidaceae - genetics
Ornamental plants
Parnassia
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plant conservation
Plant sciences
Plants (botany)
Reproducibility of Results
Seedlings
Speciation
Species Specificity
Wildlife conservation
title Promise and Challenge of DNA Barcoding in Venus Slipper (Paphiopedilum)
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