Enhancing the Biodiversity of Ditches in Intensively Managed UK Farmland
Drainage ditches, either seasonally flooded or permanent, are commonly found on intensively managed lowland farmland in the UK. They are potentially important for wetland biodiversity but, despite their ubiquity, information on their biodiversity and management in the wider countryside is scarce. We...
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| description | Drainage ditches, either seasonally flooded or permanent, are commonly found on intensively managed lowland farmland in the UK. They are potentially important for wetland biodiversity but, despite their ubiquity, information on their biodiversity and management in the wider countryside is scarce. We surveyed 175 ditches for their physical and chemical characteristics, spatial connectivity, plant communities and aquatic invertebrates in an area of intensively managed farmland in Oxfordshire, UK and collected information on ditch management from farmer interviews. Water depth and shade had a small impact on the diversity of plant and invertebrate communities in ditches. Increased shade over the ditch channel resulted in reduced taxonomic richness of both channel vegetation and aquatic invertebrates and channel vegetation cover was lower at shaded sites. Invertebrate taxonomic richness was higher when water was deeper. Spatial connectivity had no detectable impact on the aquatic invertebrate or plant communities found in ditches. The number of families within the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT), which contain many pollution-sensitive species, declined with decreasing pH of ditch water. As time since dredging increased, the number of EPT families increased in permanent ditches but decreased in temporary ditches. Whether or not a ditch was in an agri-environment scheme had little impact on the reported management regime or biodiversity value of the ditch. Measures for increasing the amount of water in ditches, by increasing the water depth or promoting retention of water in ditches, could increase the biodiversity value of ditches in agricultural land. Some temporary ditches for specialised species should be retained. Reducing the amount of shade over narrow ditches by managing adjacent hedgerows is also likely to increase the species diversity of plant and invertebrate communities within the ditch. We recommend that to preserve or enhance the biodiversity value of ditches, and improve their ecosystem service delivery, management prescriptions for hedgerows adjacent to ditches should differ from those aimed at hedgerows only. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0138306 |
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They are potentially important for wetland biodiversity but, despite their ubiquity, information on their biodiversity and management in the wider countryside is scarce. We surveyed 175 ditches for their physical and chemical characteristics, spatial connectivity, plant communities and aquatic invertebrates in an area of intensively managed farmland in Oxfordshire, UK and collected information on ditch management from farmer interviews. Water depth and shade had a small impact on the diversity of plant and invertebrate communities in ditches. Increased shade over the ditch channel resulted in reduced taxonomic richness of both channel vegetation and aquatic invertebrates and channel vegetation cover was lower at shaded sites. Invertebrate taxonomic richness was higher when water was deeper. Spatial connectivity had no detectable impact on the aquatic invertebrate or plant communities found in ditches. The number of families within the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT), which contain many pollution-sensitive species, declined with decreasing pH of ditch water. As time since dredging increased, the number of EPT families increased in permanent ditches but decreased in temporary ditches. Whether or not a ditch was in an agri-environment scheme had little impact on the reported management regime or biodiversity value of the ditch. Measures for increasing the amount of water in ditches, by increasing the water depth or promoting retention of water in ditches, could increase the biodiversity value of ditches in agricultural land. Some temporary ditches for specialised species should be retained. Reducing the amount of shade over narrow ditches by managing adjacent hedgerows is also likely to increase the species diversity of plant and invertebrate communities within the ditch. We recommend that to preserve or enhance the biodiversity value of ditches, and improve their ecosystem service delivery, management prescriptions for hedgerows adjacent to ditches should differ from those aimed at hedgerows only.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138306</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26445146</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agricultural land ; Agricultural management ; Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Agriculture - methods ; Animals ; Aquatic insects ; Aquatic organisms ; Aquatic plants ; Biodiversity ; Connectivity ; Distribution ; Ditches ; Drainage ditches ; Drainage management ; Dredging ; Ecology ; Ecosystem management ; Ecosystem services ; Ecosystems ; Emergency preparedness ; Environmental impact ; Environmental management ; Environmental Pollution - adverse effects ; Environmental protection ; Environmental stewardship ; Farm management ; Farmlands ; Farms ; Habitats ; Hedgerows ; Information management ; Invertebrates ; Invertebrates - drug effects ; Invertebrates - growth & development ; Moisture content ; Physiological aspects ; Plant communities ; Plant diversity ; Plant populations ; Plants ; Pollution control ; Population decline ; Riparian buffers ; Rural areas ; Sediments ; Shade ; Species diversity ; United Kingdom ; Vegetation ; Vegetation cover ; Water ; Water content ; Water depth ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - adverse effects ; Water pollution ; Wetlands ; Wildlife conservation ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-10, Vol.10 (10), p.e0138306-e0138306</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Shaw et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Shaw et al 2015 Shaw et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f3be4bf26944320fc79fb4d8f64dc33c70ba9db16aa1f686579cc1f9c611b9713</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f3be4bf26944320fc79fb4d8f64dc33c70ba9db16aa1f686579cc1f9c611b9713</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4596843/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4596843/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26445146$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Lepczyk, Christopher A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Shaw, Rosalind F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Paul J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Macdonald, David W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feber, Ruth E</creatorcontrib><title>Enhancing the Biodiversity of Ditches in Intensively Managed UK Farmland</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Drainage ditches, either seasonally flooded or permanent, are commonly found on intensively managed lowland farmland in the UK. They are potentially important for wetland biodiversity but, despite their ubiquity, information on their biodiversity and management in the wider countryside is scarce. We surveyed 175 ditches for their physical and chemical characteristics, spatial connectivity, plant communities and aquatic invertebrates in an area of intensively managed farmland in Oxfordshire, UK and collected information on ditch management from farmer interviews. Water depth and shade had a small impact on the diversity of plant and invertebrate communities in ditches. Increased shade over the ditch channel resulted in reduced taxonomic richness of both channel vegetation and aquatic invertebrates and channel vegetation cover was lower at shaded sites. Invertebrate taxonomic richness was higher when water was deeper. Spatial connectivity had no detectable impact on the aquatic invertebrate or plant communities found in ditches. The number of families within the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT), which contain many pollution-sensitive species, declined with decreasing pH of ditch water. As time since dredging increased, the number of EPT families increased in permanent ditches but decreased in temporary ditches. Whether or not a ditch was in an agri-environment scheme had little impact on the reported management regime or biodiversity value of the ditch. Measures for increasing the amount of water in ditches, by increasing the water depth or promoting retention of water in ditches, could increase the biodiversity value of ditches in agricultural land. Some temporary ditches for specialised species should be retained. Reducing the amount of shade over narrow ditches by managing adjacent hedgerows is also likely to increase the species diversity of plant and invertebrate communities within the ditch. We recommend that to preserve or enhance the biodiversity value of ditches, and improve their ecosystem service delivery, management prescriptions for hedgerows adjacent to ditches should differ from those aimed at hedgerows only.</description><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>Agricultural management</subject><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Agriculture - methods</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquatic insects</subject><subject>Aquatic organisms</subject><subject>Aquatic plants</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Connectivity</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Ditches</subject><subject>Drainage ditches</subject><subject>Drainage management</subject><subject>Dredging</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecosystem management</subject><subject>Ecosystem services</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Emergency preparedness</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Environmental management</subject><subject>Environmental Pollution - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shaw, Rosalind F</au><au>Johnson, Paul J</au><au>Macdonald, David W</au><au>Feber, Ruth E</au><au>Lepczyk, Christopher A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Enhancing the Biodiversity of Ditches in Intensively Managed UK Farmland</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-10-07</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e0138306</spage><epage>e0138306</epage><pages>e0138306-e0138306</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Drainage ditches, either seasonally flooded or permanent, are commonly found on intensively managed lowland farmland in the UK. They are potentially important for wetland biodiversity but, despite their ubiquity, information on their biodiversity and management in the wider countryside is scarce. We surveyed 175 ditches for their physical and chemical characteristics, spatial connectivity, plant communities and aquatic invertebrates in an area of intensively managed farmland in Oxfordshire, UK and collected information on ditch management from farmer interviews. Water depth and shade had a small impact on the diversity of plant and invertebrate communities in ditches. Increased shade over the ditch channel resulted in reduced taxonomic richness of both channel vegetation and aquatic invertebrates and channel vegetation cover was lower at shaded sites. Invertebrate taxonomic richness was higher when water was deeper. Spatial connectivity had no detectable impact on the aquatic invertebrate or plant communities found in ditches. The number of families within the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT), which contain many pollution-sensitive species, declined with decreasing pH of ditch water. As time since dredging increased, the number of EPT families increased in permanent ditches but decreased in temporary ditches. Whether or not a ditch was in an agri-environment scheme had little impact on the reported management regime or biodiversity value of the ditch. Measures for increasing the amount of water in ditches, by increasing the water depth or promoting retention of water in ditches, could increase the biodiversity value of ditches in agricultural land. Some temporary ditches for specialised species should be retained. Reducing the amount of shade over narrow ditches by managing adjacent hedgerows is also likely to increase the species diversity of plant and invertebrate communities within the ditch. We recommend that to preserve or enhance the biodiversity value of ditches, and improve their ecosystem service delivery, management prescriptions for hedgerows adjacent to ditches should differ from those aimed at hedgerows only.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26445146</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0138306</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | PloS one, 2015-10, Vol.10 (10), p.e0138306-e0138306 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| subjects | Agricultural land Agricultural management Agricultural production Agriculture Agriculture - methods Animals Aquatic insects Aquatic organisms Aquatic plants Biodiversity Connectivity Distribution Ditches Drainage ditches Drainage management Dredging Ecology Ecosystem management Ecosystem services Ecosystems Emergency preparedness Environmental impact Environmental management Environmental Pollution - adverse effects Environmental protection Environmental stewardship Farm management Farmlands Farms Habitats Hedgerows Information management Invertebrates Invertebrates - drug effects Invertebrates - growth & development Moisture content Physiological aspects Plant communities Plant diversity Plant populations Plants Pollution control Population decline Riparian buffers Rural areas Sediments Shade Species diversity United Kingdom Vegetation Vegetation cover Water Water content Water depth Water Pollutants, Chemical - adverse effects Water pollution Wetlands Wildlife conservation Zoology |
| title | Enhancing the Biodiversity of Ditches in Intensively Managed UK Farmland |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-02T22%3A50%3A08IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Enhancing%20the%20Biodiversity%20of%20Ditches%20in%20Intensively%20Managed%20UK%20Farmland&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Shaw,%20Rosalind%20F&rft.date=2015-10-07&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=e0138306&rft.epage=e0138306&rft.pages=e0138306-e0138306&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138306&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA430945717%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1720162956&rft_id=info:pmid/26445146&rft_galeid=A430945717&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_b5344a5adf874e388c9251e2b0d100c9&rfr_iscdi=true |