New Epidemiological and Clinical Signatures of 18 Pathogens from Respiratory Tract Infections Based on a 5-Year Study
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a heavy burden on society. However, due to the complex etiology of RTIs, the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these infections remain challenging, especially in developing countries. To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics...
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| description | Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a heavy burden on society. However, due to the complex etiology of RTIs, the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these infections remain challenging, especially in developing countries.
To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 18 respiratory pathogens, we analyzed 12,502 patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) by performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on patient pharyngeal swabs.
Samples positive for at least 1 pathogen were obtained from 48.42% of the total patients. Of these pathogen-positive patients, 17.99% were infected with more than 1 pathogen. Of the 18 pathogens analyzed, four were detected with a positive detection rate (PDR) > 5%: influenza A virus (IAV) > respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) >Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) > human coronavirus (HCoV). The pathogens with the 4 highest co-infection rates (CIRs) were as follows: HCoV > human bocavirus (HBoV) > enterovirus (EV) > parainfluenza virus (PIV). The overall positive detection rate (PDR) varied significantly according to patient age, the season and year of detection, and the disease subgroup, but not according to patient sex. The individual PDRs of the pathogens followed 3 types of distributions for patient sex, 4 types of distributions for patient age, 4 types of seasonal distributions, 2 types of seasonal epidemic trends, 4 types of yearly epidemic trends, and different susceptibility distributions in the disease subgroups. Additionally, the overall CIR showed significantly different distributions according to patient sex, patient age, and the disease subgroup, whereas the CIRs of individual pathogens suggested significant preference characteristics.
IAV remains the most common pathogen among the pathogens analyzed. More effort should be directed toward the prevention and control of pathogens that show a trend of increasing incidence such as HCoV, human adenovirus (ADV), and RSV. Although clinically distinguishing specific pathogens responsible for RTIs is difficult, the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the various RTI-causing agents could provide clues for clinicians, thereby informing decisions regarding prevention and medication and guiding appropriate public health strategies. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0138684 |
| format | Article |
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To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 18 respiratory pathogens, we analyzed 12,502 patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) by performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on patient pharyngeal swabs.
Samples positive for at least 1 pathogen were obtained from 48.42% of the total patients. Of these pathogen-positive patients, 17.99% were infected with more than 1 pathogen. Of the 18 pathogens analyzed, four were detected with a positive detection rate (PDR) > 5%: influenza A virus (IAV) > respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) >Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) > human coronavirus (HCoV). The pathogens with the 4 highest co-infection rates (CIRs) were as follows: HCoV > human bocavirus (HBoV) > enterovirus (EV) > parainfluenza virus (PIV). The overall positive detection rate (PDR) varied significantly according to patient age, the season and year of detection, and the disease subgroup, but not according to patient sex. The individual PDRs of the pathogens followed 3 types of distributions for patient sex, 4 types of distributions for patient age, 4 types of seasonal distributions, 2 types of seasonal epidemic trends, 4 types of yearly epidemic trends, and different susceptibility distributions in the disease subgroups. Additionally, the overall CIR showed significantly different distributions according to patient sex, patient age, and the disease subgroup, whereas the CIRs of individual pathogens suggested significant preference characteristics.
IAV remains the most common pathogen among the pathogens analyzed. More effort should be directed toward the prevention and control of pathogens that show a trend of increasing incidence such as HCoV, human adenovirus (ADV), and RSV. Although clinically distinguishing specific pathogens responsible for RTIs is difficult, the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the various RTI-causing agents could provide clues for clinicians, thereby informing decisions regarding prevention and medication and guiding appropriate public health strategies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138684</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26406339</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adenoviruses ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Asthma ; Bacteria - classification ; Bacteria - genetics ; Bacteria - isolation & purification ; Bronchitis ; Cancer ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China - epidemiology ; Coronaviridae ; Coronaviruses ; Developing countries ; Epidemics ; Epidemiology ; Etiology ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infections ; Influenza ; Influenza A ; Laboratories ; LDCs ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parainfluenza ; Pathogens ; Patients ; Pediatrics ; Pharynx ; Pharynx - microbiology ; Pneumonia ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Prevention ; Public health ; Respiratory diseases ; Respiratory syncytial virus ; Respiratory tract ; Respiratory tract diseases ; Respiratory tract infection ; Respiratory Tract Infections - classification ; Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections - microbiology ; Seasons ; Sex ; Subgroups ; Trends ; Viral infections ; Viruses ; Viruses - classification ; Viruses - genetics ; Viruses - isolation & purification ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-09, Vol.10 (9), p.e0138684-e0138684</ispartof><rights>2015 Liao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Liao et al 2015 Liao et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c592t-878c6d92d4bf2b8f4fbabf9e95c926fed0ae9bdaeaeace8f04f8bd812ab6fd603</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c592t-878c6d92d4bf2b8f4fbabf9e95c926fed0ae9bdaeaeace8f04f8bd812ab6fd603</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4583381/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4583381/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2929,23870,27928,27929,53795,53797</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26406339$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Schildgen, Oliver</contributor><creatorcontrib>Liao, Xiaohong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Zhengbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wenkuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Dehui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Meixin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiu, Shuyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Zhiqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Xingui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cui, Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Rong</creatorcontrib><title>New Epidemiological and Clinical Signatures of 18 Pathogens from Respiratory Tract Infections Based on a 5-Year Study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a heavy burden on society. However, due to the complex etiology of RTIs, the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these infections remain challenging, especially in developing countries.
To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 18 respiratory pathogens, we analyzed 12,502 patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) by performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on patient pharyngeal swabs.
Samples positive for at least 1 pathogen were obtained from 48.42% of the total patients. Of these pathogen-positive patients, 17.99% were infected with more than 1 pathogen. Of the 18 pathogens analyzed, four were detected with a positive detection rate (PDR) > 5%: influenza A virus (IAV) > respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) >Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) > human coronavirus (HCoV). The pathogens with the 4 highest co-infection rates (CIRs) were as follows: HCoV > human bocavirus (HBoV) > enterovirus (EV) > parainfluenza virus (PIV). The overall positive detection rate (PDR) varied significantly according to patient age, the season and year of detection, and the disease subgroup, but not according to patient sex. The individual PDRs of the pathogens followed 3 types of distributions for patient sex, 4 types of distributions for patient age, 4 types of seasonal distributions, 2 types of seasonal epidemic trends, 4 types of yearly epidemic trends, and different susceptibility distributions in the disease subgroups. Additionally, the overall CIR showed significantly different distributions according to patient sex, patient age, and the disease subgroup, whereas the CIRs of individual pathogens suggested significant preference characteristics.
IAV remains the most common pathogen among the pathogens analyzed. More effort should be directed toward the prevention and control of pathogens that show a trend of increasing incidence such as HCoV, human adenovirus (ADV), and RSV. Although clinically distinguishing specific pathogens responsible for RTIs is difficult, the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the various RTI-causing agents could provide clues for clinicians, thereby informing decisions regarding prevention and medication and guiding appropriate public health strategies.</description><subject>Adenoviruses</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Bacteria - classification</subject><subject>Bacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Bacteria - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Bronchitis</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>China - epidemiology</subject><subject>Coronaviridae</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Etiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Influenza A</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Parainfluenza</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Pharynx</subject><subject>Pharynx - microbiology</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>Respiratory syncytial virus</subject><subject>Respiratory tract</subject><subject>Respiratory tract diseases</subject><subject>Respiratory tract infection</subject><subject>Respiratory Tract Infections - classification</subject><subject>Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Respiratory Tract Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Sex</subject><subject>Subgroups</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Viral infections</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Viruses - classification</subject><subject>Viruses - genetics</subject><subject>Viruses - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkk1v1DAQhiMEoqXwDxBY4sIlix07jnNBglWBlSpAtBw4WRN7vPUqa2_tBLT_nuxHqxYhW_LXM69nRm9RvGR0xnjD3q3imAL0s00MOKOMK6nEo-KUtbwqZUX543v7k-JZzitK64mST4uTSgoqOW9Pi_Er_iHnG29x7WMfl95ATyBYMu992B8u_TLAMCbMJDrCFPkOw3VcYsjEpbgmPzBvfIIhpi25SmAGsggOzeDjRHyEjJbEQIDU5S-ERC6H0W6fF08c9BlfHNez4uen86v5l_Li2-fF_MNFaeq2GkrVKCNtW1nRuapTTrgOOtdiW5u2kg4tBWw7CzgNg8pR4VRnFaugk85Kys-K1wfdTR-zPnYsa9ZMnZmm2hGLA2EjrPQm-TWkrY7g9f4ipqWGNHjTo2a8FY0DYIZb0TADFFoDQjTSNaKucNJ6f_xt7NZoDYYhQf9A9OFL8Nd6GX9rUSvOFZsE3h4FUrwZMQ967bPBvoeAcdznrWhTCykn9M0_6P-rEwfKpJhzQneXDKN656LbKL1zkT66aAp7db-Qu6Bb2_C__rPIEg</recordid><startdate>20150925</startdate><enddate>20150925</enddate><creator>Liao, Xiaohong</creator><creator>Hu, Zhengbo</creator><creator>Liu, Wenkuan</creator><creator>Lu, Yan</creator><creator>Chen, Dehui</creator><creator>Chen, Meixin</creator><creator>Qiu, Shuyan</creator><creator>Zeng, Zhiqi</creator><creator>Tian, Xingui</creator><creator>Cui, Hong</creator><creator>Zhou, Rong</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150925</creationdate><title>New Epidemiological and Clinical Signatures of 18 Pathogens from Respiratory Tract Infections Based on a 5-Year Study</title><author>Liao, Xiaohong ; Hu, Zhengbo ; Liu, Wenkuan ; Lu, Yan ; Chen, Dehui ; Chen, Meixin ; Qiu, Shuyan ; Zeng, Zhiqi ; Tian, Xingui ; Cui, Hong ; Zhou, Rong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c592t-878c6d92d4bf2b8f4fbabf9e95c926fed0ae9bdaeaeace8f04f8bd812ab6fd603</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adenoviruses</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>Bacteria - classification</topic><topic>Bacteria - genetics</topic><topic>Bacteria - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Bronchitis</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>China - epidemiology</topic><topic>Coronaviridae</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Etiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Influenza</topic><topic>Influenza A</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>LDCs</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Parainfluenza</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Pharynx</topic><topic>Pharynx - microbiology</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Respiratory diseases</topic><topic>Respiratory syncytial virus</topic><topic>Respiratory tract</topic><topic>Respiratory tract diseases</topic><topic>Respiratory tract infection</topic><topic>Respiratory Tract Infections - classification</topic><topic>Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Respiratory Tract Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Sex</topic><topic>Subgroups</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Viral infections</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Viruses - classification</topic><topic>Viruses - genetics</topic><topic>Viruses - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liao, Xiaohong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Zhengbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wenkuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Dehui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Meixin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiu, Shuyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Zhiqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Xingui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cui, Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Rong</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liao, Xiaohong</au><au>Hu, Zhengbo</au><au>Liu, Wenkuan</au><au>Lu, Yan</au><au>Chen, Dehui</au><au>Chen, Meixin</au><au>Qiu, Shuyan</au><au>Zeng, Zhiqi</au><au>Tian, Xingui</au><au>Cui, Hong</au><au>Zhou, Rong</au><au>Schildgen, Oliver</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>New Epidemiological and Clinical Signatures of 18 Pathogens from Respiratory Tract Infections Based on a 5-Year Study</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-09-25</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0138684</spage><epage>e0138684</epage><pages>e0138684-e0138684</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a heavy burden on society. However, due to the complex etiology of RTIs, the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these infections remain challenging, especially in developing countries.
To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 18 respiratory pathogens, we analyzed 12,502 patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) by performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on patient pharyngeal swabs.
Samples positive for at least 1 pathogen were obtained from 48.42% of the total patients. Of these pathogen-positive patients, 17.99% were infected with more than 1 pathogen. Of the 18 pathogens analyzed, four were detected with a positive detection rate (PDR) > 5%: influenza A virus (IAV) > respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) >Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) > human coronavirus (HCoV). The pathogens with the 4 highest co-infection rates (CIRs) were as follows: HCoV > human bocavirus (HBoV) > enterovirus (EV) > parainfluenza virus (PIV). The overall positive detection rate (PDR) varied significantly according to patient age, the season and year of detection, and the disease subgroup, but not according to patient sex. The individual PDRs of the pathogens followed 3 types of distributions for patient sex, 4 types of distributions for patient age, 4 types of seasonal distributions, 2 types of seasonal epidemic trends, 4 types of yearly epidemic trends, and different susceptibility distributions in the disease subgroups. Additionally, the overall CIR showed significantly different distributions according to patient sex, patient age, and the disease subgroup, whereas the CIRs of individual pathogens suggested significant preference characteristics.
IAV remains the most common pathogen among the pathogens analyzed. More effort should be directed toward the prevention and control of pathogens that show a trend of increasing incidence such as HCoV, human adenovirus (ADV), and RSV. Although clinically distinguishing specific pathogens responsible for RTIs is difficult, the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the various RTI-causing agents could provide clues for clinicians, thereby informing decisions regarding prevention and medication and guiding appropriate public health strategies.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26406339</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0138684</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2015-09, Vol.10 (9), p.e0138684-e0138684 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1719319380 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adenoviruses Adolescent Adult Age Asthma Bacteria - classification Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - isolation & purification Bronchitis Cancer Child Child, Preschool China - epidemiology Coronaviridae Coronaviruses Developing countries Epidemics Epidemiology Etiology Female Hospitalization Hospitals Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Infections Influenza Influenza A Laboratories LDCs Male Middle Aged Parainfluenza Pathogens Patients Pediatrics Pharynx Pharynx - microbiology Pneumonia Polymerase chain reaction Prevention Public health Respiratory diseases Respiratory syncytial virus Respiratory tract Respiratory tract diseases Respiratory tract infection Respiratory Tract Infections - classification Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology Respiratory Tract Infections - microbiology Seasons Sex Subgroups Trends Viral infections Viruses Viruses - classification Viruses - genetics Viruses - isolation & purification Young Adult |
| title | New Epidemiological and Clinical Signatures of 18 Pathogens from Respiratory Tract Infections Based on a 5-Year Study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-17T07%3A56%3A40IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New%20Epidemiological%20and%20Clinical%20Signatures%20of%2018%20Pathogens%20from%20Respiratory%20Tract%20Infections%20Based%20on%20a%205-Year%20Study&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Liao,%20Xiaohong&rft.date=2015-09-25&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0138684&rft.epage=e0138684&rft.pages=e0138684-e0138684&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138684&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E1718075466%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1719319380&rft_id=info:pmid/26406339&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_13947faa1c3d471ca0a9ca4476f7452e&rfr_iscdi=true |