Accumulation of Major Life Events in Childhood and Adult Life and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of the accumulation of major life events (MLE) in childhood and adulthood, in both the private and working domains, on risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, we aimed to test the possible interaction between childhood and adult MLE and t...
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| creator | Masters Pedersen, Jolene Hulvej Rod, Naja Andersen, Ingelise Lange, Theis Poulsen, Gry Prescott, Eva Lund, Rikke |
| description | The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of the accumulation of major life events (MLE) in childhood and adulthood, in both the private and working domains, on risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, we aimed to test the possible interaction between childhood and adult MLE and to investigate modification of these associations by educational attainment.
The study was based on 4,761 participants from the Copenhagen City Heart Study free of diabetes at baseline and followed for 10 years. MLE were categorized as 0, 1, 2, 3 or more events. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education and family history of diabetes were used to estimate the association between MLE and T2DM.
In childhood, experiencing 3 or more MLE was associated with a 69% higher risk of developing T2DM (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.69; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.60, 3.27). The accumulation of MLE in adult private (p-trend = 0.016) and work life (p-trend = 0.049) was associated with risk of T2DM in a dose response manner. There was no evidence that experiencing MLE in both childhood and adult life was more strongly associated with T2DM than experiencing events at only one time point. There was some evidence that being simultaneously exposed to childhood MLE and short education (OR 2.28; 95% C.I. 1.45, 3.59) and work MLE and short education (OR 2.86; 95% C.I. 1.62, 5.03) was associated with higher risk of T2DM, as the joint effects were greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Findings from this study suggest that the accumulation of MLE in childhood, private adult life and work life, respectively, are risk factors for developing T2DM. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0138654 |
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The study was based on 4,761 participants from the Copenhagen City Heart Study free of diabetes at baseline and followed for 10 years. MLE were categorized as 0, 1, 2, 3 or more events. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education and family history of diabetes were used to estimate the association between MLE and T2DM.
In childhood, experiencing 3 or more MLE was associated with a 69% higher risk of developing T2DM (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.69; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.60, 3.27). The accumulation of MLE in adult private (p-trend = 0.016) and work life (p-trend = 0.049) was associated with risk of T2DM in a dose response manner. There was no evidence that experiencing MLE in both childhood and adult life was more strongly associated with T2DM than experiencing events at only one time point. There was some evidence that being simultaneously exposed to childhood MLE and short education (OR 2.28; 95% C.I. 1.45, 3.59) and work MLE and short education (OR 2.86; 95% C.I. 1.62, 5.03) was associated with higher risk of T2DM, as the joint effects were greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Findings from this study suggest that the accumulation of MLE in childhood, private adult life and work life, respectively, are risk factors for developing T2DM.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138654</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26394040</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Accumulation ; Adult ; Adults ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Childhood ; Children ; Chronic illnesses ; Confidence intervals ; Denmark - epidemiology ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology ; Education ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genetics ; Health risks ; Humans ; Insulin resistance ; Life Change Events ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medicine ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Public health ; Regression analysis ; Regression models ; Risk analysis ; Risk Assessment - methods ; Risk Assessment - statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic factors ; Statistical analysis ; Stress ; Stress, Psychological - complications ; Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching methods ; Time Factors ; Type 2 diabetes ; Womens health ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-09, Vol.10 (9), p.e0138654-e0138654</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Masters Pedersen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Masters Pedersen et al 2015 Masters Pedersen et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-8190dbedb38e029c819b3a0ea64ac83a337d6f4722847cc01e386250597225483</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-8190dbedb38e029c819b3a0ea64ac83a337d6f4722847cc01e386250597225483</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4578856/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4578856/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26394040$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Schooling, C. Mary</contributor><creatorcontrib>Masters Pedersen, Jolene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hulvej Rod, Naja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andersen, Ingelise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lange, Theis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poulsen, Gry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prescott, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lund, Rikke</creatorcontrib><title>Accumulation of Major Life Events in Childhood and Adult Life and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of the accumulation of major life events (MLE) in childhood and adulthood, in both the private and working domains, on risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, we aimed to test the possible interaction between childhood and adult MLE and to investigate modification of these associations by educational attainment.
The study was based on 4,761 participants from the Copenhagen City Heart Study free of diabetes at baseline and followed for 10 years. MLE were categorized as 0, 1, 2, 3 or more events. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education and family history of diabetes were used to estimate the association between MLE and T2DM.
In childhood, experiencing 3 or more MLE was associated with a 69% higher risk of developing T2DM (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.69; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.60, 3.27). The accumulation of MLE in adult private (p-trend = 0.016) and work life (p-trend = 0.049) was associated with risk of T2DM in a dose response manner. There was no evidence that experiencing MLE in both childhood and adult life was more strongly associated with T2DM than experiencing events at only one time point. There was some evidence that being simultaneously exposed to childhood MLE and short education (OR 2.28; 95% C.I. 1.45, 3.59) and work MLE and short education (OR 2.86; 95% C.I. 1.62, 5.03) was associated with higher risk of T2DM, as the joint effects were greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Findings from this study suggest that the accumulation of MLE in childhood, private adult life and work life, respectively, are risk factors for developing T2DM.</description><subject>Accumulation</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Childhood</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Denmark - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Life Change Events</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Regression models</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk Assessment - methods</subject><subject>Risk Assessment - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - complications</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Teaching methods</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Type 2 diabetes</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11v0zAUhiMEYqPwDxBYQkJw0eKvOMkNUlUGVOo0aQxuLcc5aV3cuIudif17nDWbGrQLlAvHJ8957fPmnCR5TfCMsIx82rqubZSd7V0DM0xYLlL-JDklBaNTQTF7evR-krzwfotxGinxPDmhghUcc3yalHOtu11nVTCuQa5G52rrWrQyNaCzG2iCR6ZBi42x1ca5CqmmQvOqs-GA9NtL43_3mVe3e0AUfTGqhAAenYO1JnT-ZfKsVtbDq2GdJD-_nl0tvk9XF9-Wi_lqqkVBwzQnBa5KqEqWA6aFjvuSKQxKcKVzphjLKlHzjNKcZ1pjArEYmuK0iKGU52ySvD3o7q3zcrDHS5KRghaUURaJ5YGonNrKfWt2qr2VThl5F3DtWqo2GG1BquhPVqWY9rbmShcgMK6jg5jXDKLYJPk8nNaVO6h0tKpVdiQ6_tKYjVy7G8nTLM9TEQU-DAKtu-7AB7kzXkfPVAOuu7t3xjMueH_vd_-gj1c3UGsVCzBN7eK5uheVc56R2AyCkEjNHqHiU8HO6NhLtYnxUcLHUUJkAvwJa9V5L5c_Lv-fvfg1Zt8fsRtQNmy8s13fiH4M8gOoW-d9C_WDyQTLfhTu3ZD9KMhhFGLam-Mf9JB03_vsLzgn_8w</recordid><startdate>20150922</startdate><enddate>20150922</enddate><creator>Masters Pedersen, Jolene</creator><creator>Hulvej Rod, Naja</creator><creator>Andersen, Ingelise</creator><creator>Lange, Theis</creator><creator>Poulsen, Gry</creator><creator>Prescott, Eva</creator><creator>Lund, Rikke</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150922</creationdate><title>Accumulation of Major Life Events in Childhood and Adult Life and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</title><author>Masters Pedersen, Jolene ; Hulvej Rod, Naja ; Andersen, Ingelise ; Lange, Theis ; Poulsen, Gry ; Prescott, Eva ; Lund, Rikke</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-8190dbedb38e029c819b3a0ea64ac83a337d6f4722847cc01e386250597225483</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Accumulation</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Childhood</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Denmark - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Life Change Events</topic><topic>Logistic Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Regression models</topic><topic>Risk analysis</topic><topic>Risk Assessment - methods</topic><topic>Risk Assessment - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Socioeconomic factors</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - complications</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Teaching methods</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Type 2 diabetes</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Masters Pedersen, Jolene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hulvej Rod, Naja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andersen, Ingelise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lange, Theis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poulsen, Gry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prescott, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lund, Rikke</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Masters Pedersen, Jolene</au><au>Hulvej Rod, Naja</au><au>Andersen, Ingelise</au><au>Lange, Theis</au><au>Poulsen, Gry</au><au>Prescott, Eva</au><au>Lund, Rikke</au><au>Schooling, C. Mary</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Accumulation of Major Life Events in Childhood and Adult Life and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-09-22</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0138654</spage><epage>e0138654</epage><pages>e0138654-e0138654</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of the accumulation of major life events (MLE) in childhood and adulthood, in both the private and working domains, on risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, we aimed to test the possible interaction between childhood and adult MLE and to investigate modification of these associations by educational attainment.
The study was based on 4,761 participants from the Copenhagen City Heart Study free of diabetes at baseline and followed for 10 years. MLE were categorized as 0, 1, 2, 3 or more events. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education and family history of diabetes were used to estimate the association between MLE and T2DM.
In childhood, experiencing 3 or more MLE was associated with a 69% higher risk of developing T2DM (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.69; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.60, 3.27). The accumulation of MLE in adult private (p-trend = 0.016) and work life (p-trend = 0.049) was associated with risk of T2DM in a dose response manner. There was no evidence that experiencing MLE in both childhood and adult life was more strongly associated with T2DM than experiencing events at only one time point. There was some evidence that being simultaneously exposed to childhood MLE and short education (OR 2.28; 95% C.I. 1.45, 3.59) and work MLE and short education (OR 2.86; 95% C.I. 1.62, 5.03) was associated with higher risk of T2DM, as the joint effects were greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Findings from this study suggest that the accumulation of MLE in childhood, private adult life and work life, respectively, are risk factors for developing T2DM.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26394040</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0138654</doi><tpages>e0138654</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | PloS one, 2015-09, Vol.10 (9), p.e0138654-e0138654 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Accumulation Adult Adults Aged Aged, 80 and over Childhood Children Chronic illnesses Confidence intervals Denmark - epidemiology Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology Education Epidemiology Female Follow-Up Studies Genetics Health risks Humans Insulin resistance Life Change Events Logistic Models Male Medicine Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Public health Regression analysis Regression models Risk analysis Risk Assessment - methods Risk Assessment - statistics & numerical data Risk Factors Socioeconomic factors Statistical analysis Stress Stress, Psychological - complications Studies Surveys and Questionnaires Teaching methods Time Factors Type 2 diabetes Womens health Young Adult |
| title | Accumulation of Major Life Events in Childhood and Adult Life and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-07T11%3A32%3A06IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Accumulation%20of%20Major%20Life%20Events%20in%20Childhood%20and%20Adult%20Life%20and%20Risk%20of%20Type%202%20Diabetes%20Mellitus&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Masters%20Pedersen,%20Jolene&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0138654&rft.epage=e0138654&rft.pages=e0138654-e0138654&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138654&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA471193611%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1719292323&rft_id=info:pmid/26394040&rft_galeid=A471193611&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_a9407d50286548ac9e600f00504f3e32&rfr_iscdi=true |