Co-Administration of Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics and Anthraquinone from Cassia obtusifolia L. Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a common liver disease in recent decades. No effective treatment is currently available. Probiotics and natural functional food may be promising therapeutic approaches to this disease. The present study aims to investigate the efficiency of the an...
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| description | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a common liver disease in recent decades. No effective treatment is currently available. Probiotics and natural functional food may be promising therapeutic approaches to this disease. The present study aims to investigate the efficiency of the anthraquinone from Cassia obtusifolia L. (AC) together with cholesterol-lowering probiotics (P) to improve high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in rat models and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Cholesterol-lowering probiotics were screened out by MRS-cholesterol broth with ammonium ferric sulfate method. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with HFD and subsequently administered with AC and/or P. Lipid metabolism parameters and fat synthesis related genes in rat liver, as well as the diversity of gut microbiota were evaluated. The results demonstrated that, compared with the NAFLD rat, the serum lipid levels of treated rats were reduced effectively. Besides, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) were up-regulated while the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was reduced. The expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α protein was significantly increased while the expression of PPAR-γ and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) was down-regulated. In addition, compared with HFD group, in AC, P and AC+P group, the expression of intestinal tight-junction protein occludin and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) were up-regulated. Furthermore, altered gut microbiota diversity after the treatment of probiotics and AC were analysed. The combination of cholesterol-lowering probiotics and AC possesses a therapeutic effect on NAFLD in rats by up-regulating CYP7A1, LDL-R, FXR mRNA and PPAR-α protein produced in the process of fat metabolism while down-regulating the expression of HMGCR, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c, and through normalizing the intestinal dysbiosis and improving the intestinal mucosal barrier function. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0138078 |
| format | Article |
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Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver</title><source>PLoS</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access)</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>EZB Electronic Journals Library</source><creator>Mei, Lu ; Tang, Youcai ; Li, Ming ; Yang, Pingchang ; Liu, Zhiqiang ; Yuan, Jieli ; Zheng, Pengyuan</creator><contributor>Alisi, Anna</contributor><creatorcontrib>Mei, Lu ; Tang, Youcai ; Li, Ming ; Yang, Pingchang ; Liu, Zhiqiang ; Yuan, Jieli ; Zheng, Pengyuan ; Alisi, Anna</creatorcontrib><description>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a common liver disease in recent decades. No effective treatment is currently available. Probiotics and natural functional food may be promising therapeutic approaches to this disease. The present study aims to investigate the efficiency of the anthraquinone from Cassia obtusifolia L. (AC) together with cholesterol-lowering probiotics (P) to improve high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in rat models and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Cholesterol-lowering probiotics were screened out by MRS-cholesterol broth with ammonium ferric sulfate method. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with HFD and subsequently administered with AC and/or P. Lipid metabolism parameters and fat synthesis related genes in rat liver, as well as the diversity of gut microbiota were evaluated. The results demonstrated that, compared with the NAFLD rat, the serum lipid levels of treated rats were reduced effectively. Besides, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) were up-regulated while the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was reduced. The expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α protein was significantly increased while the expression of PPAR-γ and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) was down-regulated. In addition, compared with HFD group, in AC, P and AC+P group, the expression of intestinal tight-junction protein occludin and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) were up-regulated. Furthermore, altered gut microbiota diversity after the treatment of probiotics and AC were analysed. The combination of cholesterol-lowering probiotics and AC possesses a therapeutic effect on NAFLD in rats by up-regulating CYP7A1, LDL-R, FXR mRNA and PPAR-α protein produced in the process of fat metabolism while down-regulating the expression of HMGCR, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c, and through normalizing the intestinal dysbiosis and improving the intestinal mucosal barrier function.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138078</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26375281</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Ammonium ; Animal models ; Animals ; Anthraquinone ; Anthraquinones - administration & dosage ; Anthraquinones - pharmacology ; Biomarkers - metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Cassia - chemistry ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol - metabolism ; Coenzyme A ; Complications and side effects ; Digestive system ; Digestive tract ; Dosage and administration ; Drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Dysbacteriosis ; Fat metabolism ; Fatty liver ; Ferric sulfate ; Functional foods & nutraceuticals ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Health aspects ; High fat diet ; Hydroxylase ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase ; Insulin resistance ; Intestinal microflora ; Intestine ; Iron sulfates ; Kinases ; Lipid metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism - drug effects ; Lipoprotein (low density) receptors ; Lipoproteins (low density) ; Liver ; Liver diseases ; Low density lipoprotein ; Low density lipoprotein receptors ; Low density lipoproteins ; Male ; Medical treatment ; Metabolism ; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) ; mRNA ; Mucosa ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - drug therapy ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - genetics ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - metabolism ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - pathology ; Normalizing ; Nutrition research ; Patient outcomes ; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ; Physiological aspects ; Probiotics ; Probiotics - administration & dosage ; Probiotics - pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor density ; Reductase ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger - genetics ; Rodents ; Sulfates</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-09, Vol.10 (9), p.e0138078-e0138078</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Mei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Mei et al 2015 Mei et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-1b97f7fc93ed47dc33935b4634e20880888c1c401dad8efadf43c298d5236c73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-1b97f7fc93ed47dc33935b4634e20880888c1c401dad8efadf43c298d5236c73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4573521/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4573521/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79472,79473</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26375281$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Alisi, Anna</contributor><creatorcontrib>Mei, Lu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Youcai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Pingchang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhiqiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Jieli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Pengyuan</creatorcontrib><title>Co-Administration of Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics and Anthraquinone from Cassia obtusifolia L. Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a common liver disease in recent decades. No effective treatment is currently available. Probiotics and natural functional food may be promising therapeutic approaches to this disease. The present study aims to investigate the efficiency of the anthraquinone from Cassia obtusifolia L. (AC) together with cholesterol-lowering probiotics (P) to improve high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in rat models and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Cholesterol-lowering probiotics were screened out by MRS-cholesterol broth with ammonium ferric sulfate method. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with HFD and subsequently administered with AC and/or P. Lipid metabolism parameters and fat synthesis related genes in rat liver, as well as the diversity of gut microbiota were evaluated. The results demonstrated that, compared with the NAFLD rat, the serum lipid levels of treated rats were reduced effectively. Besides, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) were up-regulated while the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was reduced. The expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α protein was significantly increased while the expression of PPAR-γ and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) was down-regulated. In addition, compared with HFD group, in AC, P and AC+P group, the expression of intestinal tight-junction protein occludin and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) were up-regulated. Furthermore, altered gut microbiota diversity after the treatment of probiotics and AC were analysed. The combination of cholesterol-lowering probiotics and AC possesses a therapeutic effect on NAFLD in rats by up-regulating CYP7A1, LDL-R, FXR mRNA and PPAR-α protein produced in the process of fat metabolism while down-regulating the expression of HMGCR, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c, and through normalizing the intestinal dysbiosis and improving the intestinal mucosal barrier function.</description><subject>Ammonium</subject><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anthraquinone</subject><subject>Anthraquinones - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Anthraquinones - pharmacology</subject><subject>Biomarkers - metabolism</subject><subject>Blotting, Western</subject><subject>Cassia - chemistry</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol - metabolism</subject><subject>Coenzyme A</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Digestive system</subject><subject>Digestive tract</subject><subject>Dosage and administration</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Drug Therapy, Combination</subject><subject>Dysbacteriosis</subject><subject>Fat metabolism</subject><subject>Fatty liver</subject><subject>Ferric sulfate</subject><subject>Functional foods & nutraceuticals</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal tract</subject><subject>Gene Expression Profiling</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>High fat diet</subject><subject>Hydroxylase</subject><subject>Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Intestinal microflora</subject><subject>Intestine</subject><subject>Iron sulfates</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Lipid metabolism</subject><subject>Lipid Metabolism - drug effects</subject><subject>Lipoprotein (low density) receptors</subject><subject>Lipoproteins (low density)</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver diseases</subject><subject>Low density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Low density lipoprotein receptors</subject><subject>Low density lipoproteins</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical treatment</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)</subject><subject>mRNA</subject><subject>Mucosa</subject><subject>Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - drug therapy</subject><subject>Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - genetics</subject><subject>Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - metabolism</subject><subject>Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - pathology</subject><subject>Normalizing</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>Patient outcomes</subject><subject>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Probiotics</subject><subject>Probiotics - 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Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mei, Lu</au><au>Tang, Youcai</au><au>Li, Ming</au><au>Yang, Pingchang</au><au>Liu, Zhiqiang</au><au>Yuan, Jieli</au><au>Zheng, Pengyuan</au><au>Alisi, Anna</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Co-Administration of Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics and Anthraquinone from Cassia obtusifolia L. Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-09-16</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0138078</spage><epage>e0138078</epage><pages>e0138078-e0138078</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a common liver disease in recent decades. No effective treatment is currently available. Probiotics and natural functional food may be promising therapeutic approaches to this disease. The present study aims to investigate the efficiency of the anthraquinone from Cassia obtusifolia L. (AC) together with cholesterol-lowering probiotics (P) to improve high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in rat models and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Cholesterol-lowering probiotics were screened out by MRS-cholesterol broth with ammonium ferric sulfate method. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with HFD and subsequently administered with AC and/or P. Lipid metabolism parameters and fat synthesis related genes in rat liver, as well as the diversity of gut microbiota were evaluated. The results demonstrated that, compared with the NAFLD rat, the serum lipid levels of treated rats were reduced effectively. Besides, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) were up-regulated while the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was reduced. The expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α protein was significantly increased while the expression of PPAR-γ and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) was down-regulated. In addition, compared with HFD group, in AC, P and AC+P group, the expression of intestinal tight-junction protein occludin and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) were up-regulated. Furthermore, altered gut microbiota diversity after the treatment of probiotics and AC were analysed. The combination of cholesterol-lowering probiotics and AC possesses a therapeutic effect on NAFLD in rats by up-regulating CYP7A1, LDL-R, FXR mRNA and PPAR-α protein produced in the process of fat metabolism while down-regulating the expression of HMGCR, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c, and through normalizing the intestinal dysbiosis and improving the intestinal mucosal barrier function.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26375281</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0138078</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2015-09, Vol.10 (9), p.e0138078-e0138078 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1719285700 |
| source | PLoS; MEDLINE; Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access); DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Ammonium Animal models Animals Anthraquinone Anthraquinones - administration & dosage Anthraquinones - pharmacology Biomarkers - metabolism Blotting, Western Cassia - chemistry Cholesterol Cholesterol - metabolism Coenzyme A Complications and side effects Digestive system Digestive tract Dosage and administration Drug therapy Drug Therapy, Combination Dysbacteriosis Fat metabolism Fatty liver Ferric sulfate Functional foods & nutraceuticals Gastrointestinal tract Gene Expression Profiling Health aspects High fat diet Hydroxylase Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase Insulin resistance Intestinal microflora Intestine Iron sulfates Kinases Lipid metabolism Lipid Metabolism - drug effects Lipoprotein (low density) receptors Lipoproteins (low density) Liver Liver diseases Low density lipoprotein Low density lipoprotein receptors Low density lipoproteins Male Medical treatment Metabolism Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) mRNA Mucosa Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - drug therapy Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - genetics Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - metabolism Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - pathology Normalizing Nutrition research Patient outcomes Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors Physiological aspects Probiotics Probiotics - administration & dosage Probiotics - pharmacology Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Receptor density Reductase Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Messenger - genetics Rodents Sulfates |
| title | Co-Administration of Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics and Anthraquinone from Cassia obtusifolia L. Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver |
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