The Evolution of Epigean and Stygobitic Species of Koonunga Sayce, 1907 (Syncarida: Anaspidacea) in Southern Australia, with the Description of Three New Species

Three new species of Koonunga were discovered in surface and subterranean waters in southern Australia, and were defined using mtDNA analyses and morphology. The new species are: Koonunga hornei Leijs & King; K. tatiaraensis Leijs & King and K. allambiensis Leijs & King. Molecular clock...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2015-08, Vol.10 (8), p.e0134673-e0134673
Hauptverfasser: Leijs, Remko, Bradford, Tessa, Mitchell, James G, Humphreys, William F, Cooper, Steven J B, Goonan, Peter, King, Rachael A
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container_title PloS one
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creator Leijs, Remko
Bradford, Tessa
Mitchell, James G
Humphreys, William F
Cooper, Steven J B
Goonan, Peter
King, Rachael A
description Three new species of Koonunga were discovered in surface and subterranean waters in southern Australia, and were defined using mtDNA analyses and morphology. The new species are: Koonunga hornei Leijs & King; K. tatiaraensis Leijs & King and K. allambiensis Leijs & King. Molecular clock analyses indicate that the divergence times of the species are older than the landscape that they currently inhabit. Different scenarios explaining this apparent discrepancy are discussed in the context of the palaeography of the area. A freshwater epigean origin for Koonunga is considered the most likely hypothesis, whereby some lineages made the transition to the subterranean environment within the last few million years influenced by significant climatic cooling/drying. We discuss the possibility that one stygobitic lineage secondarily regained some of its body pigmentation as adaptation to increased photic conditions after cave collapse and forming of cenotes during the last glacial maximum.
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The new species are: Koonunga hornei Leijs &amp; King; K. tatiaraensis Leijs &amp; King and K. allambiensis Leijs &amp; King. Molecular clock analyses indicate that the divergence times of the species are older than the landscape that they currently inhabit. Different scenarios explaining this apparent discrepancy are discussed in the context of the palaeography of the area. A freshwater epigean origin for Koonunga is considered the most likely hypothesis, whereby some lineages made the transition to the subterranean environment within the last few million years influenced by significant climatic cooling/drying. 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subjects Anaspidacea
Animals
Australia
Biodiversity
Biological evolution
Caves
Coasts
Crustacea
Crustacea - physiology
Crustaceans
Divergence
Drying
Ecology
Ecosystem
Epigenetic inheritance
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
Evolutionary biology
Genetic aspects
Geography
Groundwater
Koonungidae
Last Glacial Maximum
Mitochondrial DNA
Morphology
Museums
New species
Paleography
Phylogeny
Physiological aspects
Pigmentation
Surface water
Syncarida
title The Evolution of Epigean and Stygobitic Species of Koonunga Sayce, 1907 (Syncarida: Anaspidacea) in Southern Australia, with the Description of Three New Species
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