How Diverse Detrital Environments Influence Nutrient Stoichiometry between Males and Females of the Co-Occurring Container Mosquitoes Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus
Allocation patterns of carbon and nitrogen in animals are influenced by food quality and quantity, as well as by inherent metabolic and physiological constraints within organisms. Whole body stoichiometry also may vary between the sexes who differ in development rates and reproductive allocation pat...
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| description | Allocation patterns of carbon and nitrogen in animals are influenced by food quality and quantity, as well as by inherent metabolic and physiological constraints within organisms. Whole body stoichiometry also may vary between the sexes who differ in development rates and reproductive allocation patterns. In aquatic containers, such as tree holes and tires, detrital inputs, which vary in amounts of carbon and nitrogen, form the basis of the mosquito-dominated food web. Differences in development times and mass between male and female mosquitoes may be the result of different reproductive constraints, which could also influence patterns of nutrient allocation. We examined development time, survival, and adult mass for males and females of three co-occurring species, Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus, across environments with different ratios of animal and leaf detritus. We quantified the contribution of detritus to biomass using stable isotope analysis and measured tissue carbon and nitrogen concentrations among species and between the sexes. Development times were shorter and adults were heavier for Aedes in animal versus leaf-only environments, whereas Culex development times were invariant across detritus types. Aedes displayed similar survival across detritus types whereas C. quinquefasciatus showed decreased survival with increasing leaf detritus. All species had lower values of 15N and 13C in leaf-only detritus compared to animal, however, Aedes generally had lower tissue nitrogen compared to C. quinquefasciatus. There were no differences in the C:N ratio between male and female Aedes, however, Aedes were different than C. quinquefasciatus adults, with male C. quinquefasciatus significantly higher than females. Culex quinquefasciatus was homeostatic across detrital environments. These results allow us to hypothesize an underlying stoichiometric explanation for the variation in performance of different container species under similar detrital environments, and if supported may assist in explaining the production of vector populations in nature. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0133734 |
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Whole body stoichiometry also may vary between the sexes who differ in development rates and reproductive allocation patterns. In aquatic containers, such as tree holes and tires, detrital inputs, which vary in amounts of carbon and nitrogen, form the basis of the mosquito-dominated food web. Differences in development times and mass between male and female mosquitoes may be the result of different reproductive constraints, which could also influence patterns of nutrient allocation. We examined development time, survival, and adult mass for males and females of three co-occurring species, Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus, across environments with different ratios of animal and leaf detritus. We quantified the contribution of detritus to biomass using stable isotope analysis and measured tissue carbon and nitrogen concentrations among species and between the sexes. Development times were shorter and adults were heavier for Aedes in animal versus leaf-only environments, whereas Culex development times were invariant across detritus types. Aedes displayed similar survival across detritus types whereas C. quinquefasciatus showed decreased survival with increasing leaf detritus. All species had lower values of 15N and 13C in leaf-only detritus compared to animal, however, Aedes generally had lower tissue nitrogen compared to C. quinquefasciatus. There were no differences in the C:N ratio between male and female Aedes, however, Aedes were different than C. quinquefasciatus adults, with male C. quinquefasciatus significantly higher than females. Culex quinquefasciatus was homeostatic across detrital environments. These results allow us to hypothesize an underlying stoichiometric explanation for the variation in performance of different container species under similar detrital environments, and if supported may assist in explaining the production of vector populations in nature.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133734</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26244643</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adults ; Aedes ; Aedes - anatomy & histology ; Aedes - growth & development ; Aedes - physiology ; Aedes aegypti ; Aedes albopictus ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Aquatic insects ; Asian tiger mosquito ; Carbon ; Carbon - analysis ; Carbon - metabolism ; Containers ; Culex ; Culex - anatomy & histology ; Culex - growth & development ; Culex - physiology ; Culex pipiens ; Culex quinquefasciatus ; Culicidae ; Detritus ; Diptera ; Ecosystems ; Environment ; Female ; Females ; Food ; Food Chain ; Food chains ; Food quality ; Food webs ; Foraging behavior ; Leaves ; Male ; Males ; Mosquitoes ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen (Nutrient) ; Nitrogen - analysis ; Nitrogen - metabolism ; Nutrients ; Ochlerotatus ; Physiological aspects ; Sex Characteristics ; Species ; Stable isotopes ; Stoichiometry ; Survival ; Tires</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-08, Vol.10 (8), p.e0133734-e0133734</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Yee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Yee et al 2015 Yee et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-c4dc20bf13fbeb51c6b4abced1bbfcbed0c4a9c053842dc8c1d1628e102109fc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-c4dc20bf13fbeb51c6b4abced1bbfcbed0c4a9c053842dc8c1d1628e102109fc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526359/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526359/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26244643$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yee, Donald A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaufman, Michael G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezeakacha, Nnaemeka F</creatorcontrib><title>How Diverse Detrital Environments Influence Nutrient Stoichiometry between Males and Females of the Co-Occurring Container Mosquitoes Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Allocation patterns of carbon and nitrogen in animals are influenced by food quality and quantity, as well as by inherent metabolic and physiological constraints within organisms. Whole body stoichiometry also may vary between the sexes who differ in development rates and reproductive allocation patterns. In aquatic containers, such as tree holes and tires, detrital inputs, which vary in amounts of carbon and nitrogen, form the basis of the mosquito-dominated food web. Differences in development times and mass between male and female mosquitoes may be the result of different reproductive constraints, which could also influence patterns of nutrient allocation. We examined development time, survival, and adult mass for males and females of three co-occurring species, Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus, across environments with different ratios of animal and leaf detritus. We quantified the contribution of detritus to biomass using stable isotope analysis and measured tissue carbon and nitrogen concentrations among species and between the sexes. Development times were shorter and adults were heavier for Aedes in animal versus leaf-only environments, whereas Culex development times were invariant across detritus types. Aedes displayed similar survival across detritus types whereas C. quinquefasciatus showed decreased survival with increasing leaf detritus. All species had lower values of 15N and 13C in leaf-only detritus compared to animal, however, Aedes generally had lower tissue nitrogen compared to C. quinquefasciatus. There were no differences in the C:N ratio between male and female Aedes, however, Aedes were different than C. quinquefasciatus adults, with male C. quinquefasciatus significantly higher than females. Culex quinquefasciatus was homeostatic across detrital environments. These results allow us to hypothesize an underlying stoichiometric explanation for the variation in performance of different container species under similar detrital environments, and if supported may assist in explaining the production of vector populations in nature.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aedes</subject><subject>Aedes - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Aedes - growth & development</subject><subject>Aedes - physiology</subject><subject>Aedes aegypti</subject><subject>Aedes albopictus</subject><subject>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquatic insects</subject><subject>Asian tiger mosquito</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon - analysis</subject><subject>Carbon - metabolism</subject><subject>Containers</subject><subject>Culex</subject><subject>Culex - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Culex - growth & development</subject><subject>Culex - physiology</subject><subject>Culex pipiens</subject><subject>Culex quinquefasciatus</subject><subject>Culicidae</subject><subject>Detritus</subject><subject>Diptera</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food Chain</subject><subject>Food chains</subject><subject>Food quality</subject><subject>Food webs</subject><subject>Foraging behavior</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Mosquitoes</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen (Nutrient)</subject><subject>Nitrogen - analysis</subject><subject>Nitrogen - metabolism</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Ochlerotatus</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Stable isotopes</subject><subject>Stoichiometry</subject><subject>Survival</subject><subject>Tires</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk-1u0zAYhSMEYmNwBwgsISGQ1hJ_xG3-IFXdxiptTGLAX8txXreeHLuznX1cHbeG23XTivYDRVGc1885do7zFsVbXA4xHeEvF74PTtrh0jsYlpjSEWXPil1cUzLgpKTPH413ilcxXpRlRcecvyx2CCeMcUZ3iz_H_hodmCsIEdABpGCStOjQXZngXQcuRTRz2vbgFKDvfZ7PNXSevFEL47ssuEUNpGsAh06lhYika9ERdOux1ygtAE394EypPgTj5vnFJWkcBHTq42Vvks_gBNqV1DZ-aVTq436uDJGE-e0ymf2157S3cIOywF32oGVURmbwdfFCSxvhzea5V_w6Ovw5PR6cnH2bTScnA8VrkgaKtYqUjcZUN9BUWPGGyUZBi5tGqwbaUjFZq1VAjLRqrHCLORkDLgkua63oXvH-zndpfRSb7KPAoxKP65xmnYnZHdF6eSGWwXQy3AovjVgXfJgLGZJRFkRD9YhxICOtasaornENhFREc87atuLZ6-tmtb7poFU58yDtlun2jDMLMfdXglWE02q1mU8bg-BzXDGJzkQF1koHvl_vm_Aq32VGP_yDPv11G2qeD1YYp31eV61MxYRRkkPmo3Gmhk9Q-WqhMyr_qNrk-pbg85YgMwlu0lz2MYrZ-Y__Z89-b7MfH7ELkDYtord9Mt7FbZDdgSr4GAPoh5BxKVZ9dp-GWPWZ2PRZlr17fEAPovvGon8BK1gnpQ</recordid><startdate>20150805</startdate><enddate>20150805</enddate><creator>Yee, Donald A</creator><creator>Kaufman, Michael G</creator><creator>Ezeakacha, Nnaemeka F</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150805</creationdate><title>How Diverse Detrital Environments Influence Nutrient Stoichiometry between Males and Females of the Co-Occurring Container Mosquitoes Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus</title><author>Yee, Donald A ; Kaufman, Michael G ; Ezeakacha, Nnaemeka F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-c4dc20bf13fbeb51c6b4abced1bbfcbed0c4a9c053842dc8c1d1628e102109fc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Aedes</topic><topic>Aedes - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yee, Donald A</au><au>Kaufman, Michael G</au><au>Ezeakacha, Nnaemeka F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>How Diverse Detrital Environments Influence Nutrient Stoichiometry between Males and Females of the Co-Occurring Container Mosquitoes Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-08-05</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0133734</spage><epage>e0133734</epage><pages>e0133734-e0133734</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Allocation patterns of carbon and nitrogen in animals are influenced by food quality and quantity, as well as by inherent metabolic and physiological constraints within organisms. Whole body stoichiometry also may vary between the sexes who differ in development rates and reproductive allocation patterns. In aquatic containers, such as tree holes and tires, detrital inputs, which vary in amounts of carbon and nitrogen, form the basis of the mosquito-dominated food web. Differences in development times and mass between male and female mosquitoes may be the result of different reproductive constraints, which could also influence patterns of nutrient allocation. We examined development time, survival, and adult mass for males and females of three co-occurring species, Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus, across environments with different ratios of animal and leaf detritus. We quantified the contribution of detritus to biomass using stable isotope analysis and measured tissue carbon and nitrogen concentrations among species and between the sexes. Development times were shorter and adults were heavier for Aedes in animal versus leaf-only environments, whereas Culex development times were invariant across detritus types. Aedes displayed similar survival across detritus types whereas C. quinquefasciatus showed decreased survival with increasing leaf detritus. All species had lower values of 15N and 13C in leaf-only detritus compared to animal, however, Aedes generally had lower tissue nitrogen compared to C. quinquefasciatus. There were no differences in the C:N ratio between male and female Aedes, however, Aedes were different than C. quinquefasciatus adults, with male C. quinquefasciatus significantly higher than females. Culex quinquefasciatus was homeostatic across detrital environments. These results allow us to hypothesize an underlying stoichiometric explanation for the variation in performance of different container species under similar detrital environments, and if supported may assist in explaining the production of vector populations in nature.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26244643</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0133734</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | PloS one, 2015-08, Vol.10 (8), p.e0133734-e0133734 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adults Aedes Aedes - anatomy & histology Aedes - growth & development Aedes - physiology Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Animals Aquatic insects Asian tiger mosquito Carbon Carbon - analysis Carbon - metabolism Containers Culex Culex - anatomy & histology Culex - growth & development Culex - physiology Culex pipiens Culex quinquefasciatus Culicidae Detritus Diptera Ecosystems Environment Female Females Food Food Chain Food chains Food quality Food webs Foraging behavior Leaves Male Males Mosquitoes Nitrogen Nitrogen (Nutrient) Nitrogen - analysis Nitrogen - metabolism Nutrients Ochlerotatus Physiological aspects Sex Characteristics Species Stable isotopes Stoichiometry Survival Tires |
| title | How Diverse Detrital Environments Influence Nutrient Stoichiometry between Males and Females of the Co-Occurring Container Mosquitoes Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-09T15%3A56%3A02IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How%20Diverse%20Detrital%20Environments%20Influence%20Nutrient%20Stoichiometry%20between%20Males%20and%20Females%20of%20the%20Co-Occurring%20Container%20Mosquitoes%20Aedes%20albopictus,%20Ae.%20aegypti,%20and%20Culex%20quinquefasciatus&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Yee,%20Donald%20A&rft.date=2015-08-05&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=e0133734&rft.epage=e0133734&rft.pages=e0133734-e0133734&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133734&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA432692678%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1701896249&rft_id=info:pmid/26244643&rft_galeid=A432692678&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_b3f746e27fc9443f919e2252f664dd56&rfr_iscdi=true |