Climate Tolerances and Habitat Requirements Jointly Shape the Elevational Distribution of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps), with Implications for Climate Change Effects
Some of the most compelling examples of ecological responses to climate change are elevational range shifts of individual species, which have been observed throughout the world. A growing body of evidence, however, suggests substantial mediation of simple range shifts due to climate change by other...
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| description | Some of the most compelling examples of ecological responses to climate change are elevational range shifts of individual species, which have been observed throughout the world. A growing body of evidence, however, suggests substantial mediation of simple range shifts due to climate change by other limiting factors. Understanding limiting factors for a species within different contexts, therefore, is critical for predicting responses to climate change. The American pika (Ochotona princeps) is an ideal species for investigating distributions in relation to climate because of their unusual and well-understood natural history as well as observed shifts to higher elevation in parts of their range. We tested three hypotheses for the climatic or habitat characteristics that may limit pika presence and abundance: summer heat, winter snowpack, and forage availability. We performed these tests using an index of pika abundance gathered in a region where environmental influences on pika distribution have not been well-characterized. We estimated relative pika abundance via scat surveys and quantified climatic and habitat characteristics across two North-Central Rocky Mountain Ranges, the Wind River and Bighorn ranges in Wyoming, USA. Pika scat density was highest at mid-elevations and increased linearly with forage availability in both ranges. Scat density also increased with temperatures conducive to forage plant growth, and showed a unimodal relationship with the number of days below -5°C, which is modulated by insulating snowpack. Our results provide support for both the forage availability and winter snowpack hypotheses. Especially in montane systems, considering the context-dependent nature of climate effects across regions and elevations as well as interactions between climatic and other critical habitat characteristics, will be essential for predicting future species distributions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0131082 |
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The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (the “License”) Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-9bdb266bb29d58dd80337df76548449463755fb30af2947511e510420afb71a73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-9bdb266bb29d58dd80337df76548449463755fb30af2947511e510420afb71a73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526653/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526653/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2100,2926,23865,27923,27924,53790,53792,79371,79372</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26244851$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Lepczyk, Christopher A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Yandow, Leah H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chalfoun, Anna D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doak, Daniel F</creatorcontrib><title>Climate Tolerances and Habitat Requirements Jointly Shape the Elevational Distribution of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps), with Implications for Climate Change Effects</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Some of the most compelling examples of ecological responses to climate change are elevational range shifts of individual species, which have been observed throughout the world. A growing body of evidence, however, suggests substantial mediation of simple range shifts due to climate change by other limiting factors. Understanding limiting factors for a species within different contexts, therefore, is critical for predicting responses to climate change. The American pika (Ochotona princeps) is an ideal species for investigating distributions in relation to climate because of their unusual and well-understood natural history as well as observed shifts to higher elevation in parts of their range. We tested three hypotheses for the climatic or habitat characteristics that may limit pika presence and abundance: summer heat, winter snowpack, and forage availability. We performed these tests using an index of pika abundance gathered in a region where environmental influences on pika distribution have not been well-characterized. We estimated relative pika abundance via scat surveys and quantified climatic and habitat characteristics across two North-Central Rocky Mountain Ranges, the Wind River and Bighorn ranges in Wyoming, USA. Pika scat density was highest at mid-elevations and increased linearly with forage availability in both ranges. Scat density also increased with temperatures conducive to forage plant growth, and showed a unimodal relationship with the number of days below -5°C, which is modulated by insulating snowpack. Our results provide support for both the forage availability and winter snowpack hypotheses. Especially in montane systems, considering the context-dependent nature of climate effects across regions and elevations as well as interactions between climatic and other critical habitat characteristics, will be essential for predicting future species distributions.</description><subject>Abundance</subject><subject>American pika</subject><subject>Animal Distribution</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Availability</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate Change</subject><subject>Climate effects</subject><subject>Constraining</subject><subject>Ecological effects</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Foraging habitats</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Global temperature changes</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Lagomorpha - physiology</subject><subject>Limiting factors</subject><subject>Ochotona princeps</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plant Development</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Snowpack</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Taiga & 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Tolerances and Habitat Requirements Jointly Shape the Elevational Distribution of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps), with Implications for Climate Change Effects</title><author>Yandow, Leah H ; Chalfoun, Anna D ; Doak, Daniel F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-9bdb266bb29d58dd80337df76548449463755fb30af2947511e510420afb71a73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Abundance</topic><topic>American pika</topic><topic>Animal Distribution</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Availability</topic><topic>Climate</topic><topic>Climate Change</topic><topic>Climate effects</topic><topic>Constraining</topic><topic>Ecological effects</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Foraging habitats</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Global temperature 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One</addtitle><date>2015-08-05</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0131082</spage><epage>e0131082</epage><pages>e0131082-e0131082</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Some of the most compelling examples of ecological responses to climate change are elevational range shifts of individual species, which have been observed throughout the world. A growing body of evidence, however, suggests substantial mediation of simple range shifts due to climate change by other limiting factors. Understanding limiting factors for a species within different contexts, therefore, is critical for predicting responses to climate change. The American pika (Ochotona princeps) is an ideal species for investigating distributions in relation to climate because of their unusual and well-understood natural history as well as observed shifts to higher elevation in parts of their range. We tested three hypotheses for the climatic or habitat characteristics that may limit pika presence and abundance: summer heat, winter snowpack, and forage availability. We performed these tests using an index of pika abundance gathered in a region where environmental influences on pika distribution have not been well-characterized. We estimated relative pika abundance via scat surveys and quantified climatic and habitat characteristics across two North-Central Rocky Mountain Ranges, the Wind River and Bighorn ranges in Wyoming, USA. Pika scat density was highest at mid-elevations and increased linearly with forage availability in both ranges. Scat density also increased with temperatures conducive to forage plant growth, and showed a unimodal relationship with the number of days below -5°C, which is modulated by insulating snowpack. Our results provide support for both the forage availability and winter snowpack hypotheses. Especially in montane systems, considering the context-dependent nature of climate effects across regions and elevations as well as interactions between climatic and other critical habitat characteristics, will be essential for predicting future species distributions.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26244851</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0131082</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Abundance American pika Animal Distribution Animals Availability Climate Climate Change Climate effects Constraining Ecological effects Ecology Ecosystem Ecosystems Foraging habitats Genetic aspects Global temperature changes Habitats Hypotheses Lagomorpha - physiology Limiting factors Ochotona princeps Physiology Plant Development Plant growth Precipitation Rivers Seasons Snowpack Species Taiga & tundra Temperature Tolerances Vegetation Winter Wyoming Zoology |
| title | Climate Tolerances and Habitat Requirements Jointly Shape the Elevational Distribution of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps), with Implications for Climate Change Effects |
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