Eating Behaviour in the General Population: An Analysis of the Factor Structure of the German Version of the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Its Association with the Body Mass Index
The Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) is an established instrument to assess eating behaviour. Analysis of the TFEQ-factor structure was based on selected, convenient and clinical samples so far. Aims of this study were (I) to analyse the factor structure of the German version of the TFEQ and...
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| creator | Löffler, Antje Luck, Tobias Then, Francisca S Sikorski, Claudia Kovacs, Peter Böttcher, Yvonne Breitfeld, Jana Tönjes, Anke Horstmann, Annette Löffler, Markus Engel, Christoph Thiery, Joachim Villringer, Arno Stumvoll, Michael Riedel-Heller, Steffi G |
| description | The Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) is an established instrument to assess eating behaviour. Analysis of the TFEQ-factor structure was based on selected, convenient and clinical samples so far. Aims of this study were (I) to analyse the factor structure of the German version of the TFEQ and (II)--based on the refined factor structure--to examine the association between eating behaviour and the body mass index (BMI) in a general population sample of 3,144 middle-aged and older participants (40-79 years) of the ongoing population based cohort study of the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE Health Study). The factor structure was examined in a split-half analysis with both explorative and confirmatory factor analysis. Associations between TFEQ-scores and BMI values were tested with multiple regression analyses controlled for age, gender, and education. We found a three factor solution for the TFEQ with an 'uncontrolled eating', a 'cognitive restraint' and an 'emotional eating' domain including 29 of the original 51 TFEQ-items. Scores of the 'uncontrolled eating domain' showed the strongest correlation with BMI values (partial r = 0.26). Subjects with scores above the median in both 'uncontrolled eating' and 'emotional eating' showed the highest BMI values (mean = 29.41 kg/m²), subjects with scores below the median in all three domains showed the lowest BMI values (mean = 25.68 kg/m²; F = 72.074, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0133977 |
| format | Article |
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Analysis of the TFEQ-factor structure was based on selected, convenient and clinical samples so far. Aims of this study were (I) to analyse the factor structure of the German version of the TFEQ and (II)--based on the refined factor structure--to examine the association between eating behaviour and the body mass index (BMI) in a general population sample of 3,144 middle-aged and older participants (40-79 years) of the ongoing population based cohort study of the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE Health Study). The factor structure was examined in a split-half analysis with both explorative and confirmatory factor analysis. Associations between TFEQ-scores and BMI values were tested with multiple regression analyses controlled for age, gender, and education. We found a three factor solution for the TFEQ with an 'uncontrolled eating', a 'cognitive restraint' and an 'emotional eating' domain including 29 of the original 51 TFEQ-items. Scores of the 'uncontrolled eating domain' showed the strongest correlation with BMI values (partial r = 0.26). Subjects with scores above the median in both 'uncontrolled eating' and 'emotional eating' showed the highest BMI values (mean = 29.41 kg/m²), subjects with scores below the median in all three domains showed the lowest BMI values (mean = 25.68 kg/m²; F = 72.074, p<0.001). Our findings suggest that the TFEQ is suitable to identify subjects with specific patterns of eating behaviour that are associated with higher BMI values. Such information may help health care professionals to develop and implement more tailored interventions for overweight and obese individuals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133977</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26230264</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Analysis ; Body mass ; Body Mass Index ; Body size ; Body weight ; Brain research ; Cardiovascular disease ; Civilization ; Cognitive ability ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes ; Eating ; Eating - physiology ; Eating - psychology ; Eating behavior ; Emotions ; Emotions - physiology ; Endocrinology ; Epidemiology ; Factor analysis ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Feeding Behavior - physiology ; Feeding Behavior - psychology ; Female ; Germany ; Health care ; Health informatics ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine ; Middle Aged ; Nephrology ; Obesity ; Obesity - physiopathology ; Obesity - psychology ; Occupational health ; Overweight ; Population ; Population studies ; Public health ; Regression analysis ; Studies ; Surveys ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-07, Vol.10 (7), p.e0133977-e0133977</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Löffler et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Löffler et al 2015 Löffler et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fb27c1b0b43c6865f960a4c8b34b49ae4052700beb59e033b91a44e3fdcdf1d23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fb27c1b0b43c6865f960a4c8b34b49ae4052700beb59e033b91a44e3fdcdf1d23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521849/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521849/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26230264$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Stengel, Andreas</contributor><creatorcontrib>Löffler, Antje</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luck, Tobias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Then, Francisca S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sikorski, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kovacs, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Böttcher, Yvonne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Breitfeld, Jana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tönjes, Anke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horstmann, Annette</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Löffler, Markus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Engel, Christoph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thiery, Joachim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Villringer, Arno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stumvoll, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riedel-Heller, Steffi G</creatorcontrib><title>Eating Behaviour in the General Population: An Analysis of the Factor Structure of the German Version of the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Its Association with the Body Mass Index</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) is an established instrument to assess eating behaviour. Analysis of the TFEQ-factor structure was based on selected, convenient and clinical samples so far. Aims of this study were (I) to analyse the factor structure of the German version of the TFEQ and (II)--based on the refined factor structure--to examine the association between eating behaviour and the body mass index (BMI) in a general population sample of 3,144 middle-aged and older participants (40-79 years) of the ongoing population based cohort study of the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE Health Study). The factor structure was examined in a split-half analysis with both explorative and confirmatory factor analysis. Associations between TFEQ-scores and BMI values were tested with multiple regression analyses controlled for age, gender, and education. We found a three factor solution for the TFEQ with an 'uncontrolled eating', a 'cognitive restraint' and an 'emotional eating' domain including 29 of the original 51 TFEQ-items. Scores of the 'uncontrolled eating domain' showed the strongest correlation with BMI values (partial r = 0.26). Subjects with scores above the median in both 'uncontrolled eating' and 'emotional eating' showed the highest BMI values (mean = 29.41 kg/m²), subjects with scores below the median in all three domains showed the lowest BMI values (mean = 25.68 kg/m²; F = 72.074, p<0.001). Our findings suggest that the TFEQ is suitable to identify subjects with specific patterns of eating behaviour that are associated with higher BMI values. Such information may help health care professionals to develop and implement more tailored interventions for overweight and obese individuals.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Civilization</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Eating</subject><subject>Eating - physiology</subject><subject>Eating - psychology</subject><subject>Eating behavior</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Emotions - physiology</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Factor analysis</subject><subject>Factor Analysis, Statistical</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior - physiology</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior - psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Germany</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health informatics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nephrology</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - physiopathology</subject><subject>Obesity - psychology</subject><subject>Occupational health</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk91u1DAQhSMEoqXwBggsIaH2Iosde52EC6Rt1ZaVikpp6a3lOOONq6y92ElpX48nw9mfqot6gRIp0eQ758RjT5K8JXhEaE4-3bjeW9mOFs7CCBNKyzx_luySkmYpzzB9_uh9J3kVwg3GY1pw_jLZyXhGccbZbvLnWHbGztAhNPLWREtkLOoaQKdgwcsWfXeLvo2Ms5_RxMZbtvfBBOT0EjuRqnMeXXa-V13vYVM_BT-XFl2DD1G6qV41HiBdadJVcnrRQxjsrTRRvn91cnxxgKSt0bQLaBKCU2YZj36brlm6HLr6Hn2TIaCpreHudfJCyzbAm_VzL_l5cnx19DU9Oz-dHk3OUsXLrEt1leWKVLhiVPGCj3XJsWSqqCirWCmB4XGWY1xBNS4BU1qVRDIGVNeq1qTO6F7yfuW7aF0Q6_YHQaKIFVFMIjFdEbWTN2LhzVz6e-GkEcuC8zMhfWdUC4IwzrOxloRoxTSMSx0NlMRZAZrzIo9eX9ZpfTWHWoHt4nZsmW5_saYRM3crWDQqWBkN9tcG3v0aeizmJihoW2nB9cv_JkVJGMMR_fAP-vTq1tRMxgUYq13MVYOpmLCM5rwo8iF29AQVrxrmRsWzqk2sbwkOtgSR6eCum8k-BDG9_PH_7Pn1NvvxEduAbLsmuLYfzlLYBtkKVN6F4EE_NJlgMYzaphtiGDWxHrUoe_d4gx5Em9mifwFm2CUG</recordid><startdate>20150731</startdate><enddate>20150731</enddate><creator>Löffler, Antje</creator><creator>Luck, Tobias</creator><creator>Then, Francisca S</creator><creator>Sikorski, Claudia</creator><creator>Kovacs, Peter</creator><creator>Böttcher, Yvonne</creator><creator>Breitfeld, Jana</creator><creator>Tönjes, Anke</creator><creator>Horstmann, Annette</creator><creator>Löffler, Markus</creator><creator>Engel, Christoph</creator><creator>Thiery, Joachim</creator><creator>Villringer, Arno</creator><creator>Stumvoll, Michael</creator><creator>Riedel-Heller, Steffi G</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150731</creationdate><title>Eating Behaviour in the General Population: An Analysis of the Factor Structure of the German Version of the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Its Association with the Body Mass Index</title><author>Löffler, Antje ; Luck, Tobias ; Then, Francisca S ; Sikorski, Claudia ; Kovacs, Peter ; Böttcher, Yvonne ; Breitfeld, Jana ; Tönjes, Anke ; Horstmann, Annette ; Löffler, Markus ; Engel, Christoph ; Thiery, Joachim ; Villringer, Arno ; Stumvoll, Michael ; Riedel-Heller, Steffi G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fb27c1b0b43c6865f960a4c8b34b49ae4052700beb59e033b91a44e3fdcdf1d23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Body size</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Brain research</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Civilization</topic><topic>Cognitive ability</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Eating</topic><topic>Eating - 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Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Löffler, Antje</au><au>Luck, Tobias</au><au>Then, Francisca S</au><au>Sikorski, Claudia</au><au>Kovacs, Peter</au><au>Böttcher, Yvonne</au><au>Breitfeld, Jana</au><au>Tönjes, Anke</au><au>Horstmann, Annette</au><au>Löffler, Markus</au><au>Engel, Christoph</au><au>Thiery, Joachim</au><au>Villringer, Arno</au><au>Stumvoll, Michael</au><au>Riedel-Heller, Steffi G</au><au>Stengel, Andreas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Eating Behaviour in the General Population: An Analysis of the Factor Structure of the German Version of the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Its Association with the Body Mass Index</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-07-31</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0133977</spage><epage>e0133977</epage><pages>e0133977-e0133977</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) is an established instrument to assess eating behaviour. Analysis of the TFEQ-factor structure was based on selected, convenient and clinical samples so far. Aims of this study were (I) to analyse the factor structure of the German version of the TFEQ and (II)--based on the refined factor structure--to examine the association between eating behaviour and the body mass index (BMI) in a general population sample of 3,144 middle-aged and older participants (40-79 years) of the ongoing population based cohort study of the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE Health Study). The factor structure was examined in a split-half analysis with both explorative and confirmatory factor analysis. Associations between TFEQ-scores and BMI values were tested with multiple regression analyses controlled for age, gender, and education. We found a three factor solution for the TFEQ with an 'uncontrolled eating', a 'cognitive restraint' and an 'emotional eating' domain including 29 of the original 51 TFEQ-items. Scores of the 'uncontrolled eating domain' showed the strongest correlation with BMI values (partial r = 0.26). Subjects with scores above the median in both 'uncontrolled eating' and 'emotional eating' showed the highest BMI values (mean = 29.41 kg/m²), subjects with scores below the median in all three domains showed the lowest BMI values (mean = 25.68 kg/m²; F = 72.074, p<0.001). Our findings suggest that the TFEQ is suitable to identify subjects with specific patterns of eating behaviour that are associated with higher BMI values. Such information may help health care professionals to develop and implement more tailored interventions for overweight and obese individuals.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26230264</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0133977</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2015-07, Vol.10 (7), p.e0133977-e0133977 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1700480521 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adult Aged Analysis Body mass Body Mass Index Body size Body weight Brain research Cardiovascular disease Civilization Cognitive ability Cohort Studies Diabetes Eating Eating - physiology Eating - psychology Eating behavior Emotions Emotions - physiology Endocrinology Epidemiology Factor analysis Factor Analysis, Statistical Feeding Behavior - physiology Feeding Behavior - psychology Female Germany Health care Health informatics Humans Male Medicine Middle Aged Nephrology Obesity Obesity - physiopathology Obesity - psychology Occupational health Overweight Population Population studies Public health Regression analysis Studies Surveys Surveys and Questionnaires Womens health |
| title | Eating Behaviour in the General Population: An Analysis of the Factor Structure of the German Version of the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Its Association with the Body Mass Index |
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