Post-Exercise Hypotension and Its Mechanisms Differ after Morning and Evening Exercise: A Randomized Crossover Study
Post-exercise hypotension (PEH), calculated by the difference between post and pre-exercise values, it is greater after exercise performed in the evening than the morning. However, the hypotensive effect of morning exercise may be masked by the morning circadian increase in blood pressure. This stud...
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| description | Post-exercise hypotension (PEH), calculated by the difference between post and pre-exercise values, it is greater after exercise performed in the evening than the morning. However, the hypotensive effect of morning exercise may be masked by the morning circadian increase in blood pressure. This study investigated PEH and its hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms after sessions of aerobic exercise performed in the morning and evening, controlling for responses observed after control sessions performed at the same times of day. Sixteen pre-hypertensive men underwent four sessions (random order): two conducted in the morning (7:30 am) and two in the evening (5 pm). At each time of day, subjects underwent an exercise (cycling, 45 min, 50%VO2peak) and a control (sitting rest) session. Measurements were taken pre- and post-interventions in all the sessions. The net effects of exercise were calculated for each time of day by [(post-pre exercise)-(post-pre control)] and were compared by paired t-test (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0132458 |
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However, the hypotensive effect of morning exercise may be masked by the morning circadian increase in blood pressure. This study investigated PEH and its hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms after sessions of aerobic exercise performed in the morning and evening, controlling for responses observed after control sessions performed at the same times of day. Sixteen pre-hypertensive men underwent four sessions (random order): two conducted in the morning (7:30 am) and two in the evening (5 pm). At each time of day, subjects underwent an exercise (cycling, 45 min, 50%VO2peak) and a control (sitting rest) session. Measurements were taken pre- and post-interventions in all the sessions. The net effects of exercise were calculated for each time of day by [(post-pre exercise)-(post-pre control)] and were compared by paired t-test (P<0.05). Exercise hypotensive net effects (e.g., decreasing systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure) occurred at both times of day, but systolic blood pressure reductions were greater after morning exercise (-7±3 vs. -3±4 mmHg, P<0.05). Exercise decreased cardiac output only in the morning (-460±771 ml/min, P<0.05), while it decreased stroke volume similarly at both times of day and increased heart rate less in the morning than in the evening (+7±5 vs. +10±5 bpm, P<0.05). Only evening exercise increased sympathovagal balance (+1.5±1.6, P<0.05) and calf blood flow responses to reactive hyperemia (+120±179 vs. -70±188 U, P<0.05). In conclusion, PEH occurs after exercise conducted at both times of day, but the systolic hypotensive effect is greater after morning exercise when circadian variations are considered. This greater effect is accompanied by a reduction of cardiac output due to a smaller increase in heart rate and cardiac sympathovagal balance.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132458</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26186444</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aerobics ; Autonomic Nervous System - physiopathology ; Blood ; Blood flow ; Blood pressure ; Cardiac output ; Circadian rhythms ; Cross-Over Studies ; Evening ; Exercise ; Exercise - physiology ; Heart diseases ; Heart rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hypertension ; Hypotension ; Laboratories ; Male ; Mathematical analysis ; Medicine ; Morning ; Nephrology ; Neurosciences ; Obesity ; Physical education ; Physical fitness ; Physical training ; Post-Exercise Hypotension - physiopathology ; Regional Blood Flow ; Strain gauges ; Stroke ; Stroke volume ; Studies ; Time Factors ; Time of use</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-07, Vol.10 (7), p.e0132458-e0132458</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 de Brito et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 de Brito et al 2015 de Brito et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-b45ac5f00afeea3ac1094f7f7b3b58ba3ed99611fa7a4d7eeb0b2763e72506d73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-b45ac5f00afeea3ac1094f7f7b3b58ba3ed99611fa7a4d7eeb0b2763e72506d73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506120/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506120/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,729,782,786,866,887,2104,2930,23873,27931,27932,53798,53800</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26186444$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Shea, Steven A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>de Brito, Leandro C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rezende, Rafael A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silva Junior, Natan D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tinucci, Tais</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casarini, Dulce E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cipolla-Neto, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forjaz, Cláudia L M</creatorcontrib><title>Post-Exercise Hypotension and Its Mechanisms Differ after Morning and Evening Exercise: A Randomized Crossover Study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Post-exercise hypotension (PEH), calculated by the difference between post and pre-exercise values, it is greater after exercise performed in the evening than the morning. However, the hypotensive effect of morning exercise may be masked by the morning circadian increase in blood pressure. This study investigated PEH and its hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms after sessions of aerobic exercise performed in the morning and evening, controlling for responses observed after control sessions performed at the same times of day. Sixteen pre-hypertensive men underwent four sessions (random order): two conducted in the morning (7:30 am) and two in the evening (5 pm). At each time of day, subjects underwent an exercise (cycling, 45 min, 50%VO2peak) and a control (sitting rest) session. Measurements were taken pre- and post-interventions in all the sessions. The net effects of exercise were calculated for each time of day by [(post-pre exercise)-(post-pre control)] and were compared by paired t-test (P<0.05). Exercise hypotensive net effects (e.g., decreasing systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure) occurred at both times of day, but systolic blood pressure reductions were greater after morning exercise (-7±3 vs. -3±4 mmHg, P<0.05). Exercise decreased cardiac output only in the morning (-460±771 ml/min, P<0.05), while it decreased stroke volume similarly at both times of day and increased heart rate less in the morning than in the evening (+7±5 vs. +10±5 bpm, P<0.05). Only evening exercise increased sympathovagal balance (+1.5±1.6, P<0.05) and calf blood flow responses to reactive hyperemia (+120±179 vs. -70±188 U, P<0.05). In conclusion, PEH occurs after exercise conducted at both times of day, but the systolic hypotensive effect is greater after morning exercise when circadian variations are considered. This greater effect is accompanied by a reduction of cardiac output due to a smaller increase in heart rate and cardiac sympathovagal balance.]]></description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aerobics</subject><subject>Autonomic Nervous System - physiopathology</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood flow</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Cardiac output</subject><subject>Circadian rhythms</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>Evening</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Exercise - physiology</subject><subject>Heart diseases</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Hemodynamics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyperemia</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Hypotension</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Morning</subject><subject>Nephrology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Physical education</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><subject>Physical training</subject><subject>Post-Exercise Hypotension - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>de Brito, Leandro C</au><au>Rezende, Rafael A</au><au>da Silva Junior, Natan D</au><au>Tinucci, Tais</au><au>Casarini, Dulce E</au><au>Cipolla-Neto, José</au><au>Forjaz, Cláudia L M</au><au>Shea, Steven A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Post-Exercise Hypotension and Its Mechanisms Differ after Morning and Evening Exercise: A Randomized Crossover Study</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-07-17</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0132458</spage><epage>e0132458</epage><pages>e0132458-e0132458</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Post-exercise hypotension (PEH), calculated by the difference between post and pre-exercise values, it is greater after exercise performed in the evening than the morning. However, the hypotensive effect of morning exercise may be masked by the morning circadian increase in blood pressure. This study investigated PEH and its hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms after sessions of aerobic exercise performed in the morning and evening, controlling for responses observed after control sessions performed at the same times of day. Sixteen pre-hypertensive men underwent four sessions (random order): two conducted in the morning (7:30 am) and two in the evening (5 pm). At each time of day, subjects underwent an exercise (cycling, 45 min, 50%VO2peak) and a control (sitting rest) session. Measurements were taken pre- and post-interventions in all the sessions. The net effects of exercise were calculated for each time of day by [(post-pre exercise)-(post-pre control)] and were compared by paired t-test (P<0.05). Exercise hypotensive net effects (e.g., decreasing systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure) occurred at both times of day, but systolic blood pressure reductions were greater after morning exercise (-7±3 vs. -3±4 mmHg, P<0.05). Exercise decreased cardiac output only in the morning (-460±771 ml/min, P<0.05), while it decreased stroke volume similarly at both times of day and increased heart rate less in the morning than in the evening (+7±5 vs. +10±5 bpm, P<0.05). Only evening exercise increased sympathovagal balance (+1.5±1.6, P<0.05) and calf blood flow responses to reactive hyperemia (+120±179 vs. -70±188 U, P<0.05). In conclusion, PEH occurs after exercise conducted at both times of day, but the systolic hypotensive effect is greater after morning exercise when circadian variations are considered. This greater effect is accompanied by a reduction of cardiac output due to a smaller increase in heart rate and cardiac sympathovagal balance.]]></abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26186444</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0132458</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2015-07, Vol.10 (7), p.e0132458-e0132458 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1697016309 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adult Aerobics Autonomic Nervous System - physiopathology Blood Blood flow Blood pressure Cardiac output Circadian rhythms Cross-Over Studies Evening Exercise Exercise - physiology Heart diseases Heart rate Hemodynamics Humans Hyperemia Hypertension Hypotension Laboratories Male Mathematical analysis Medicine Morning Nephrology Neurosciences Obesity Physical education Physical fitness Physical training Post-Exercise Hypotension - physiopathology Regional Blood Flow Strain gauges Stroke Stroke volume Studies Time Factors Time of use |
| title | Post-Exercise Hypotension and Its Mechanisms Differ after Morning and Evening Exercise: A Randomized Crossover Study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-04T16%3A21%3A31IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Post-Exercise%20Hypotension%20and%20Its%20Mechanisms%20Differ%20after%20Morning%20and%20Evening%20Exercise:%20A%20Randomized%20Crossover%20Study&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=de%20Brito,%20Leandro%20C&rft.date=2015-07-17&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e0132458&rft.epage=e0132458&rft.pages=e0132458-e0132458&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0132458&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA422137006%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1697016309&rft_id=info:pmid/26186444&rft_galeid=A422137006&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_d21891b4383542e1b08228bc2ec1636c&rfr_iscdi=true |