Environmental Factors and Seasonality Affect the Concentration of Rotundone in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz Wine
Rotundone is a sesquiterpene that gives grapes and wine a desirable 'peppery' aroma. Previous research has reported that growing grapevines in a cool climate is an important factor that drives rotundone accumulation in grape berries and wine. This study used historical data sets to investi...
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| description | Rotundone is a sesquiterpene that gives grapes and wine a desirable 'peppery' aroma. Previous research has reported that growing grapevines in a cool climate is an important factor that drives rotundone accumulation in grape berries and wine. This study used historical data sets to investigate which weather parameters are mostly influencing rotundone concentration in grape berries and wine. For this purpose, wines produced from 15 vintages from the same Shiraz vineyard (The Old Block, Mount Langi Ghiran, Victoria, Australia) were analysed for rotundone concentration and compared to comprehensive weather data and minimal temperature information. Degree hours were obtained by interpolating available temperature information from the vineyard site using a simple piecewise cubic hermite interpolating polynomial method (PCHIP). Results showed that the highest concentrations of rotundone were consistently found in wines from cool and wet seasons. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the concentration of rotundone in wine was negatively correlated with daily solar exposure and grape bunch zone temperature, and positively correlated with vineyard water balance. Finally, models were constructed based on the Gompertz function to describe the dynamics of rotundone concentration in berries through the ripening process according to phenological and thermal times. This characterisation is an important step forward to potentially predict the final quality of the resultant wines based on the evolution of specific compounds in berries according to critical environmental and micrometeorological variables. The modelling techniques described in this paper were able to describe the behaviour of rotundone concentration based on seasonal weather conditions and grapevine phenological stages, and could be potentially used to predict the final rotundone concentration early in future growing seasons. This could enable the adoption of precision irrigation and canopy management strategies to effectively mitigate adverse impacts related to climate change and microclimatic variability, such as heat waves, within a vineyard on wine quality. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0133137 |
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Shiraz Wine</title><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Zhang, Pangzhen ; Howell, Kate ; Krstic, Mark ; Herderich, Markus ; Barlow, Edward William R ; Fuentes, Sigfredo</creator><contributor>Kurtural, S. Kaan</contributor><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Pangzhen ; Howell, Kate ; Krstic, Mark ; Herderich, Markus ; Barlow, Edward William R ; Fuentes, Sigfredo ; Kurtural, S. Kaan</creatorcontrib><description>Rotundone is a sesquiterpene that gives grapes and wine a desirable 'peppery' aroma. Previous research has reported that growing grapevines in a cool climate is an important factor that drives rotundone accumulation in grape berries and wine. This study used historical data sets to investigate which weather parameters are mostly influencing rotundone concentration in grape berries and wine. For this purpose, wines produced from 15 vintages from the same Shiraz vineyard (The Old Block, Mount Langi Ghiran, Victoria, Australia) were analysed for rotundone concentration and compared to comprehensive weather data and minimal temperature information. Degree hours were obtained by interpolating available temperature information from the vineyard site using a simple piecewise cubic hermite interpolating polynomial method (PCHIP). Results showed that the highest concentrations of rotundone were consistently found in wines from cool and wet seasons. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the concentration of rotundone in wine was negatively correlated with daily solar exposure and grape bunch zone temperature, and positively correlated with vineyard water balance. Finally, models were constructed based on the Gompertz function to describe the dynamics of rotundone concentration in berries through the ripening process according to phenological and thermal times. This characterisation is an important step forward to potentially predict the final quality of the resultant wines based on the evolution of specific compounds in berries according to critical environmental and micrometeorological variables. The modelling techniques described in this paper were able to describe the behaviour of rotundone concentration based on seasonal weather conditions and grapevine phenological stages, and could be potentially used to predict the final rotundone concentration early in future growing seasons. This could enable the adoption of precision irrigation and canopy management strategies to effectively mitigate adverse impacts related to climate change and microclimatic variability, such as heat waves, within a vineyard on wine quality.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133137</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26176692</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Aroma ; Berries ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Environmental factors ; Fermentation ; Food ; Fruit - chemistry ; Fruit - metabolism ; Fruits ; Gene expression ; Global temperature changes ; Grapes ; Grapevines ; Growing season ; Harvest ; Heat tolerance ; Heat waves ; Hermite polynomials ; Humans ; Humidity ; Influence ; Irrigation ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Meteorological data ; Microclimate ; Models, Statistical ; Odorants - analysis ; Principal Component Analysis ; Principal components analysis ; Quality ; Rain ; Rainy season ; Ripening ; Seasonal variations ; Seasons ; Sesquiterpenes - analysis ; Sesquiterpenes - metabolism ; Studies ; Temperature ; Temperature effects ; Victoria ; Vineyards ; Vitaceae ; Vitis - chemistry ; Vitis - metabolism ; Vitis vinifera ; Water balance ; Water balance (Hydrology) ; Weather ; Weather conditions ; Wine ; Wine - analysis ; Wineries ; Wineries & vineyards ; Wines</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-07, Vol.10 (7), p.e0133137-e0133137</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Zhang et al 2015 Zhang et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-451c2c1dac606d270133da9dc2409cc5bbf0606abc2bebc2f79dccaa862181103</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-451c2c1dac606d270133da9dc2409cc5bbf0606abc2bebc2f79dccaa862181103</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4503395/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4503395/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26176692$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Kurtural, S. Kaan</contributor><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Pangzhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howell, Kate</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krstic, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herderich, Markus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barlow, Edward William R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fuentes, Sigfredo</creatorcontrib><title>Environmental Factors and Seasonality Affect the Concentration of Rotundone in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz Wine</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Rotundone is a sesquiterpene that gives grapes and wine a desirable 'peppery' aroma. Previous research has reported that growing grapevines in a cool climate is an important factor that drives rotundone accumulation in grape berries and wine. This study used historical data sets to investigate which weather parameters are mostly influencing rotundone concentration in grape berries and wine. For this purpose, wines produced from 15 vintages from the same Shiraz vineyard (The Old Block, Mount Langi Ghiran, Victoria, Australia) were analysed for rotundone concentration and compared to comprehensive weather data and minimal temperature information. Degree hours were obtained by interpolating available temperature information from the vineyard site using a simple piecewise cubic hermite interpolating polynomial method (PCHIP). Results showed that the highest concentrations of rotundone were consistently found in wines from cool and wet seasons. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the concentration of rotundone in wine was negatively correlated with daily solar exposure and grape bunch zone temperature, and positively correlated with vineyard water balance. Finally, models were constructed based on the Gompertz function to describe the dynamics of rotundone concentration in berries through the ripening process according to phenological and thermal times. This characterisation is an important step forward to potentially predict the final quality of the resultant wines based on the evolution of specific compounds in berries according to critical environmental and micrometeorological variables. The modelling techniques described in this paper were able to describe the behaviour of rotundone concentration based on seasonal weather conditions and grapevine phenological stages, and could be potentially used to predict the final rotundone concentration early in future growing seasons. This could enable the adoption of precision irrigation and canopy management strategies to effectively mitigate adverse impacts related to climate change and microclimatic variability, such as heat waves, within a vineyard on wine quality.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Aroma</subject><subject>Berries</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate Change</subject><subject>Environmental factors</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Fruit - chemistry</subject><subject>Fruit - metabolism</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Global temperature changes</subject><subject>Grapes</subject><subject>Grapevines</subject><subject>Growing season</subject><subject>Harvest</subject><subject>Heat tolerance</subject><subject>Heat waves</subject><subject>Hermite polynomials</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>Irrigation</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Meteorological data</subject><subject>Microclimate</subject><subject>Models, Statistical</subject><subject>Odorants - analysis</subject><subject>Principal Component Analysis</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Quality</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainy season</subject><subject>Ripening</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Sesquiterpenes - analysis</subject><subject>Sesquiterpenes - metabolism</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Temperature effects</subject><subject>Victoria</subject><subject>Vineyards</subject><subject>Vitaceae</subject><subject>Vitis - chemistry</subject><subject>Vitis - metabolism</subject><subject>Vitis vinifera</subject><subject>Water balance</subject><subject>Water balance (Hydrology)</subject><subject>Weather</subject><subject>Weather conditions</subject><subject>Wine</subject><subject>Wine - analysis</subject><subject>Wineries</subject><subject>Wineries & vineyards</subject><subject>Wines</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk99r2zAQx83YWLtu_8HYBIOxPcSzJFuOXgYhtFsgUGi27lGcZTlRcaRUksO6v35y45Z49GEYbHH3ue_9kC9J3uIsxbTEX25s5wy06c4alWaY0mh9lpxiTsmEkYw-PzqfJK-8v8mygk4Ze5mcEIZLxjg5TXbnZq-dNVtlArToAmSwziMwNVop8DZm0OEOzZpGyYDCRqG5NTLCDoK2BtkGXdnQmTpWgbRB1zpoj_ba6EY5QMsUyX2KVhvt4A_6pY16nbxooPXqzfA9S35enP-Yf58sL78t5rPlRMa6wiQvsCQS1yBZxmpS9g3WwGtJ8oxLWVRVk0UPVJJUKr6aMvokwJQRPMU4o2fJ-4PurrVeDMPyAjPO2JQTziKxOBC1hRuxc3oL7k5Y0OLeYN1agAtatkrgmhAuFedAiryc4opQRjMyhbxkDYYian0dsnXVVtWHAbUj0bHH6I1Y273Ii4xS3gt8GgScve2UD2KrvVRtC0bZ7r7usiyKIu_r_vAP-nR3A7WG2IA2jY15ZS8qZnmcESO8pJFKn6DiU6utlvFOGx3to4DPo4DIBPU7rKHzXixWV__PXl6P2Y9H7EZBGzbetl3_k_kxmB9A6az3TjWPQ8aZ6BfjYRqiXwwxLEYMe3d8QY9BD5tA_wI1EAgx</recordid><startdate>20150715</startdate><enddate>20150715</enddate><creator>Zhang, Pangzhen</creator><creator>Howell, Kate</creator><creator>Krstic, Mark</creator><creator>Herderich, Markus</creator><creator>Barlow, Edward William R</creator><creator>Fuentes, Sigfredo</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150715</creationdate><title>Environmental Factors and Seasonality Affect the Concentration of Rotundone in Vitis vinifera L. cv. 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Kaan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Environmental Factors and Seasonality Affect the Concentration of Rotundone in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz Wine</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-07-15</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0133137</spage><epage>e0133137</epage><pages>e0133137-e0133137</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Rotundone is a sesquiterpene that gives grapes and wine a desirable 'peppery' aroma. Previous research has reported that growing grapevines in a cool climate is an important factor that drives rotundone accumulation in grape berries and wine. This study used historical data sets to investigate which weather parameters are mostly influencing rotundone concentration in grape berries and wine. For this purpose, wines produced from 15 vintages from the same Shiraz vineyard (The Old Block, Mount Langi Ghiran, Victoria, Australia) were analysed for rotundone concentration and compared to comprehensive weather data and minimal temperature information. Degree hours were obtained by interpolating available temperature information from the vineyard site using a simple piecewise cubic hermite interpolating polynomial method (PCHIP). Results showed that the highest concentrations of rotundone were consistently found in wines from cool and wet seasons. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the concentration of rotundone in wine was negatively correlated with daily solar exposure and grape bunch zone temperature, and positively correlated with vineyard water balance. Finally, models were constructed based on the Gompertz function to describe the dynamics of rotundone concentration in berries through the ripening process according to phenological and thermal times. This characterisation is an important step forward to potentially predict the final quality of the resultant wines based on the evolution of specific compounds in berries according to critical environmental and micrometeorological variables. The modelling techniques described in this paper were able to describe the behaviour of rotundone concentration based on seasonal weather conditions and grapevine phenological stages, and could be potentially used to predict the final rotundone concentration early in future growing seasons. This could enable the adoption of precision irrigation and canopy management strategies to effectively mitigate adverse impacts related to climate change and microclimatic variability, such as heat waves, within a vineyard on wine quality.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26176692</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0133137</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Agriculture Aroma Berries Climate Climate Change Environmental factors Fermentation Food Fruit - chemistry Fruit - metabolism Fruits Gene expression Global temperature changes Grapes Grapevines Growing season Harvest Heat tolerance Heat waves Hermite polynomials Humans Humidity Influence Irrigation Metabolism Metabolites Meteorological data Microclimate Models, Statistical Odorants - analysis Principal Component Analysis Principal components analysis Quality Rain Rainy season Ripening Seasonal variations Seasons Sesquiterpenes - analysis Sesquiterpenes - metabolism Studies Temperature Temperature effects Victoria Vineyards Vitaceae Vitis - chemistry Vitis - metabolism Vitis vinifera Water balance Water balance (Hydrology) Weather Weather conditions Wine Wine - analysis Wineries Wineries & vineyards Wines |
| title | Environmental Factors and Seasonality Affect the Concentration of Rotundone in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz Wine |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-29T02%3A07%3A09IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Environmental%20Factors%20and%20Seasonality%20Affect%20the%20Concentration%20of%20Rotundone%20in%20Vitis%20vinifera%20L.%20cv.%20Shiraz%20Wine&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Zhang,%20Pangzhen&rft.date=2015-07-15&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e0133137&rft.epage=e0133137&rft.pages=e0133137-e0133137&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133137&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA421862973%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1696689296&rft_id=info:pmid/26176692&rft_galeid=A421862973&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_1d229ce99a254781b2363028a476f1a5&rfr_iscdi=true |