Spatiotemporal Distribution, Sources, and Photobleaching Imprint of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Yangtze Estuary and Its Adjacent Sea Using Fluorescence and Parallel Factor Analysis
To investigate the seasonal and interannual dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Yangtze Estuary, surface and bottom water samples in the Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent sea were collected and characterized using fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) and parallel factor anal...
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| description | To investigate the seasonal and interannual dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Yangtze Estuary, surface and bottom water samples in the Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent sea were collected and characterized using fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) in both dry and wet seasons in 2012 and 2013. Two protein-like components and three humic-like components were identified. Three humic-like components decreased linearly with increasing salinity (r>0.90, p |
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Two protein-like components and three humic-like components were identified. Three humic-like components decreased linearly with increasing salinity (r>0.90, p<0.001), suggesting their distribution could primarily be controlled by physical mixing. By contrast, two protein-like components fell below the theoretical mixing line, largely due to microbial degradation and removal during mixing. Higher concentrations of humic-like components found in 2012 could be attributed to higher freshwater discharge relative to 2013. There was a lack of systematic patterns for three humic-like components between seasons and years, probably due to variations of other factors such as sources and characteristics. Highest concentrations of fluorescent components, observed in estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) region, could be attributed to sediment resuspension and subsequent release of DOM, supported by higher concentrations of fluorescent components in bottom water than in surface water at two stations where sediments probably resuspended. Meanwhile, photobleaching could be reflected from the changes in the ratios between fluorescence intensity (Fmax) of humic-like components and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) absorption coefficient (a355) along the salinity gradient. This study demonstrates the abundance and composition of DOM in estuaries are controlled not only by hydrological conditions, but also by its sources, characteristics and related estuarine biogeochemical processes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130852</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26107640</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Absorption coefficient ; Absorption, Radiation ; Absorptivity ; Analysis ; Biogeochemistry ; Bottom water ; Carbon ; China ; Dissolved organic matter ; Emission analysis ; Engineering ; Environmental science ; Estuaries ; Factor analysis ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Fluorescence ; Fresh Water ; Geologic Sediments ; Humic Substances - radiation effects ; Hydrology ; Laboratories ; Microbial degradation ; Microorganisms ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; Photobleaching ; Rain ; Rainy season ; Rivers ; Salinity ; Salinity effects ; Salinity gradients ; Seasons ; Seawater ; Sediments ; Soil erosion ; Solubility ; Spatial distribution ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Studies ; Sunlight ; Surface water ; Suspensions ; Temporal distribution ; Turbidity ; Water analysis ; Water Microbiology ; Water resources ; Water sampling</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-06, Vol.10 (6), p.e0130852-e0130852</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Li et al 2015 Li et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-5110f97400e4c60e05f491036244afdcfeaead0022326fefedf478099b3365ca3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-5110f97400e4c60e05f491036244afdcfeaead0022326fefedf478099b3365ca3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479555/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479555/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26107640$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Penghui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Wen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Qinghui</creatorcontrib><title>Spatiotemporal Distribution, Sources, and Photobleaching Imprint of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Yangtze Estuary and Its Adjacent Sea Using Fluorescence and Parallel Factor Analysis</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>To investigate the seasonal and interannual dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Yangtze Estuary, surface and bottom water samples in the Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent sea were collected and characterized using fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) in both dry and wet seasons in 2012 and 2013. Two protein-like components and three humic-like components were identified. Three humic-like components decreased linearly with increasing salinity (r>0.90, p<0.001), suggesting their distribution could primarily be controlled by physical mixing. By contrast, two protein-like components fell below the theoretical mixing line, largely due to microbial degradation and removal during mixing. Higher concentrations of humic-like components found in 2012 could be attributed to higher freshwater discharge relative to 2013. There was a lack of systematic patterns for three humic-like components between seasons and years, probably due to variations of other factors such as sources and characteristics. Highest concentrations of fluorescent components, observed in estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) region, could be attributed to sediment resuspension and subsequent release of DOM, supported by higher concentrations of fluorescent components in bottom water than in surface water at two stations where sediments probably resuspended. Meanwhile, photobleaching could be reflected from the changes in the ratios between fluorescence intensity (Fmax) of humic-like components and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) absorption coefficient (a355) along the salinity gradient. This study demonstrates the abundance and composition of DOM in estuaries are controlled not only by hydrological conditions, but also by its sources, characteristics and related estuarine biogeochemical processes.</description><subject>Absorption coefficient</subject><subject>Absorption, Radiation</subject><subject>Absorptivity</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biogeochemistry</subject><subject>Bottom water</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Dissolved organic matter</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Estuaries</subject><subject>Factor analysis</subject><subject>Factor Analysis, Statistical</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Fresh Water</subject><subject>Geologic Sediments</subject><subject>Humic Substances - radiation effects</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Microbial degradation</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Nephelometry and Turbidimetry</subject><subject>Photobleaching</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainy season</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Salinity effects</subject><subject>Salinity gradients</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Seawater</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Soil erosion</subject><subject>Solubility</subject><subject>Spatial distribution</subject><subject>Spectrometry, Fluorescence</subject><subject>Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Sunlight</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Suspensions</subject><subject>Temporal distribution</subject><subject>Turbidity</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><subject>Water resources</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk1Fv0zAQxyMEYmPwDRBYQkIgrcWJHbd-QarGCpWGhihD4slynHPqyo2L7UyMT8bHw2m7qUV7QHlIdP7d_-7-8WXZ8xwPczLK3y1d51tph2vXwhDnBI_L4kF2nHNSDFiBycO976PsSQhLjEsyZuxxdlSwHI8YxcfZn_laRuMirNbOS4s-mBC9qboUa0_RPNVQEE6RbGv0ZeGiqyxItTBtg2artTdtRE73ScHZa6jRpW9kaxT6LGMEj0yL4gLQD9k28Teg8xA76W82arMY0KReSgVJYw4SXYVedWo75yGkqIJtVZnasmDRVKroPJqkmW-CCU-zR1raAM9275Psanr-7ezT4OLy4-xscjFQjBdxUOY51nxEMQaqGAZcaspzTFhBqdS10iBB1hgXBSmYBg21pqMx5rwihJVKkpPs5VZ3bV0QO9ODyFlSoZhRkojZlqidXIpkyirNKJw0YhNwvhHSR6MsCKJGNddaqapgtBoDJ2wMFdYEUwI15knr_a5aV62g7s1J4x-IHp60ZiEady0oHfGyLJPAm52Adz87CFGsTHLTWtmC67Z9l5wWvO_71T_o_dPtqEamAUyrXaqrelExoTkvCKclS9TwHio9NayMSjdUmxQ_SHh7kJCYCL9iI7sQxGz-9f_Zy--H7Os9dgHSxkW6m5v7HA5BugWVdyF40Hcm51j0C3brhugXTOwWLKW92P9Bd0m3G0X-AthMI3o</recordid><startdate>20150624</startdate><enddate>20150624</enddate><creator>Li, 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Distribution, Sources, and Photobleaching Imprint of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Yangtze Estuary and Its Adjacent Sea Using Fluorescence and Parallel Factor Analysis</title><author>Li, Penghui ; Chen, Ling ; Zhang, Wen ; Huang, Qinghui</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-5110f97400e4c60e05f491036244afdcfeaead0022326fefedf478099b3365ca3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Absorption coefficient</topic><topic>Absorption, Radiation</topic><topic>Absorptivity</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biogeochemistry</topic><topic>Bottom water</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Dissolved organic matter</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Environmental science</topic><topic>Estuaries</topic><topic>Factor analysis</topic><topic>Factor Analysis, 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one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Penghui</au><au>Chen, Ling</au><au>Zhang, Wen</au><au>Huang, Qinghui</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Spatiotemporal Distribution, Sources, and Photobleaching Imprint of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Yangtze Estuary and Its Adjacent Sea Using Fluorescence and Parallel Factor Analysis</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-06-24</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0130852</spage><epage>e0130852</epage><pages>e0130852-e0130852</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>To investigate the seasonal and interannual dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Yangtze Estuary, surface and bottom water samples in the Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent sea were collected and characterized using fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) in both dry and wet seasons in 2012 and 2013. Two protein-like components and three humic-like components were identified. Three humic-like components decreased linearly with increasing salinity (r>0.90, p<0.001), suggesting their distribution could primarily be controlled by physical mixing. By contrast, two protein-like components fell below the theoretical mixing line, largely due to microbial degradation and removal during mixing. Higher concentrations of humic-like components found in 2012 could be attributed to higher freshwater discharge relative to 2013. There was a lack of systematic patterns for three humic-like components between seasons and years, probably due to variations of other factors such as sources and characteristics. Highest concentrations of fluorescent components, observed in estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) region, could be attributed to sediment resuspension and subsequent release of DOM, supported by higher concentrations of fluorescent components in bottom water than in surface water at two stations where sediments probably resuspended. Meanwhile, photobleaching could be reflected from the changes in the ratios between fluorescence intensity (Fmax) of humic-like components and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) absorption coefficient (a355) along the salinity gradient. This study demonstrates the abundance and composition of DOM in estuaries are controlled not only by hydrological conditions, but also by its sources, characteristics and related estuarine biogeochemical processes.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26107640</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0130852</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Absorption coefficient Absorption, Radiation Absorptivity Analysis Biogeochemistry Bottom water Carbon China Dissolved organic matter Emission analysis Engineering Environmental science Estuaries Factor analysis Factor Analysis, Statistical Fluorescence Fresh Water Geologic Sediments Humic Substances - radiation effects Hydrology Laboratories Microbial degradation Microorganisms Nephelometry and Turbidimetry Photobleaching Rain Rainy season Rivers Salinity Salinity effects Salinity gradients Seasons Seawater Sediments Soil erosion Solubility Spatial distribution Spectrometry, Fluorescence Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet Studies Sunlight Surface water Suspensions Temporal distribution Turbidity Water analysis Water Microbiology Water resources Water sampling |
| title | Spatiotemporal Distribution, Sources, and Photobleaching Imprint of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Yangtze Estuary and Its Adjacent Sea Using Fluorescence and Parallel Factor Analysis |
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