Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Improve Gross Motor and Problem-Solving Skills in Young North Indian Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate are associated with delayed development and neurological manifestations. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of daily supplementation of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid on development in young North Indian children. In a randomized, double blind...
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| description | Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate are associated with delayed development and neurological manifestations. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of daily supplementation of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid on development in young North Indian children.
In a randomized, double blind trial, children aged six to 30 months, received supplement with placebo or vitamin B12 and/or folic acid for six months. Children were allocated in a 1:1:1:1 ratio in a factorial design and in blocks of 16. We measured development in 422 children by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3rd ed. at the end of the intervention.
Compared to placebo, children who received both vitamin B12 and folic acid had 0.45 (95% CI 0.19, 0.73) and 0.28 (95% CI 0.02, 0.54) higher SD-units in the domains of gross motor and problem solving functioning, respectively. The effect was highest in susceptible subgroups consisting of stunted children, those with high plasma homocysteine (> 10 μmol/L) or in those who were younger than 24 at end study. With the exception of a significant improvement on gross motor scores by vitamin B12 alone, supplementation of either vitamin alone had no effect on any of the outcomes.
Our findings suggest that supplementation of vitamin B12 and folic acid benefit development in North Indian Children.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00717730. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0129915 |
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In a randomized, double blind trial, children aged six to 30 months, received supplement with placebo or vitamin B12 and/or folic acid for six months. Children were allocated in a 1:1:1:1 ratio in a factorial design and in blocks of 16. We measured development in 422 children by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3rd ed. at the end of the intervention.
Compared to placebo, children who received both vitamin B12 and folic acid had 0.45 (95% CI 0.19, 0.73) and 0.28 (95% CI 0.02, 0.54) higher SD-units in the domains of gross motor and problem solving functioning, respectively. The effect was highest in susceptible subgroups consisting of stunted children, those with high plasma homocysteine (> 10 μmol/L) or in those who were younger than 24 at end study. With the exception of a significant improvement on gross motor scores by vitamin B12 alone, supplementation of either vitamin alone had no effect on any of the outcomes.
Our findings suggest that supplementation of vitamin B12 and folic acid benefit development in North Indian Children.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00717730.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129915</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26098427</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acids ; Anemia ; Brain research ; Child development ; Child welfare ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Clinical trials ; Consent ; Cyanocobalamin ; Developmental Disabilities - drug therapy ; Dietary Supplements ; Enrollments ; Ethics ; Factorial design ; Female ; Folic acid ; Folic Acid - therapeutic use ; Folic Acid Deficiency - drug therapy ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; India ; Infant ; Male ; Mental health ; Motor skill ; Motor Skills - drug effects ; Nutrition ; Pediatrics ; Placebos ; Problem solving ; Problem Solving - drug effects ; Randomization ; Social Skills ; Society ; Studies ; Subgroups ; Supplements ; Vitamin B ; Vitamin B 12 - therapeutic use ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency - drug therapy ; Vitamin B12 ; Vitamins</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-06, Vol.10 (6), p.e0129915-e0129915</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Kvestad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</rights><rights>2015 Kvestad et al 2015 Kvestad et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c716t-c9f1d6e8c8b42e238ecc652d7c3cccda062fad19cce19e514f7ac2838c0c326a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c716t-c9f1d6e8c8b42e238ecc652d7c3cccda062fad19cce19e514f7ac2838c0c326a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476750/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476750/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,26544,27321,27901,27902,33751,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26098427$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kvestad, Ingrid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taneja, Sunita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Tivendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hysing, Mari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Refsum, Helga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yajnik, Chittaranjan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhandari, Nita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strand, Tor A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Folate and Vitamin B12 Study Group</creatorcontrib><title>Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Improve Gross Motor and Problem-Solving Skills in Young North Indian Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate are associated with delayed development and neurological manifestations. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of daily supplementation of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid on development in young North Indian children.
In a randomized, double blind trial, children aged six to 30 months, received supplement with placebo or vitamin B12 and/or folic acid for six months. Children were allocated in a 1:1:1:1 ratio in a factorial design and in blocks of 16. We measured development in 422 children by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3rd ed. at the end of the intervention.
Compared to placebo, children who received both vitamin B12 and folic acid had 0.45 (95% CI 0.19, 0.73) and 0.28 (95% CI 0.02, 0.54) higher SD-units in the domains of gross motor and problem solving functioning, respectively. The effect was highest in susceptible subgroups consisting of stunted children, those with high plasma homocysteine (> 10 μmol/L) or in those who were younger than 24 at end study. With the exception of a significant improvement on gross motor scores by vitamin B12 alone, supplementation of either vitamin alone had no effect on any of the outcomes.
Our findings suggest that supplementation of vitamin B12 and folic acid benefit development in North Indian Children.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00717730.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Anemia</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Child development</subject><subject>Child welfare</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Consent</subject><subject>Cyanocobalamin</subject><subject>Developmental Disabilities - drug therapy</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Enrollments</subject><subject>Ethics</subject><subject>Factorial design</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Folic acid</subject><subject>Folic Acid - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Folic Acid Deficiency - drug therapy</subject><subject>Homocysteine</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>India</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Motor skill</subject><subject>Motor Skills - drug effects</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Placebos</subject><subject>Problem solving</subject><subject>Problem Solving - drug effects</subject><subject>Randomization</subject><subject>Social Skills</subject><subject>Society</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Subgroups</subject><subject>Supplements</subject><subject>Vitamin B</subject><subject>Vitamin B 12 - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Vitamin B 12 Deficiency - drug therapy</subject><subject>Vitamin B12</subject><subject>Vitamins</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><sourceid>3HK</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk81u1DAQxyMEoqXwBggiISE47OKvOAkHpGVFy0rlQ22pxMnyOpNdF8ez2EkFvASvjLfdli7qAeXgePyb_3hmPFn2mJIx5SV9dYZD8NqNV-hhTCira1rcyXZpzdlIMsLv3vjfyR7EeEZIwSsp72c7TJK6EqzczX6f2l531udvKcu1b_J9dNbkE2ObfNatAp5DfhAwxvwD9hgukM8B5w660TG6c-sX-fE361zMk8hXHNL-I4Z-mc98Y7XPp0vrmgD-dT7Jj5I3dvYXJA2nDcxxNEXfB3QumU6C1e5hdq_VLsKjzbqXfdl_dzJ9Pzr8dDCbTg5HpqSyH5m6pY2EylRzwYDxCoyRBWtKw40xjSaStbqhtTFAayioaEttWMUrQwxnUvO97Oml7sphVJtaRkVlTXidSlklYnZJNKjP1CrYToefCrVVFwYMC6VDb40DpVO0VhpoqGSinFdzqjUAIUQQrkHUSevNJtow76AxkJLWbkt0-8TbpVrguRKilGVB_l7XBBt765XHoBUlVcGUSJ1ch3ixCRHw-wCxV52NBpzTHnC4yIwSKgqxFnv2D3p7_htqoVOK1reYbmbWomoiaFWzQvA1Nb6FSl8DnTXpabY22bccXm45JKaHH_1CDzGq2fHR_7OfTrfZ5zfYJWjXLyO6obfo4zYorkqZnnWA9roNlKj1ZF1VQ60nS20mK7k9udnCa6erUeJ_ACHUHYE</recordid><startdate>20150622</startdate><enddate>20150622</enddate><creator>Kvestad, Ingrid</creator><creator>Taneja, Sunita</creator><creator>Kumar, Tivendra</creator><creator>Hysing, Mari</creator><creator>Refsum, Helga</creator><creator>Yajnik, Chittaranjan S</creator><creator>Bhandari, Nita</creator><creator>Strand, Tor A</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>3HK</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150622</creationdate><title>Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Improve Gross Motor and Problem-Solving Skills in Young North Indian Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial</title><author>Kvestad, Ingrid ; Taneja, Sunita ; Kumar, Tivendra ; Hysing, Mari ; Refsum, Helga ; Yajnik, Chittaranjan S ; Bhandari, Nita ; Strand, Tor A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c716t-c9f1d6e8c8b42e238ecc652d7c3cccda062fad19cce19e514f7ac2838c0c326a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Anemia</topic><topic>Brain research</topic><topic>Child development</topic><topic>Child welfare</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Consent</topic><topic>Cyanocobalamin</topic><topic>Developmental Disabilities - drug therapy</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>Enrollments</topic><topic>Ethics</topic><topic>Factorial design</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Folic acid</topic><topic>Folic Acid - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Folic Acid Deficiency - drug therapy</topic><topic>Homocysteine</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>India</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>Motor skill</topic><topic>Motor Skills - drug effects</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Placebos</topic><topic>Problem solving</topic><topic>Problem Solving - drug effects</topic><topic>Randomization</topic><topic>Social Skills</topic><topic>Society</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Subgroups</topic><topic>Supplements</topic><topic>Vitamin B</topic><topic>Vitamin B 12 - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Vitamin B 12 Deficiency - drug therapy</topic><topic>Vitamin B12</topic><topic>Vitamins</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kvestad, Ingrid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taneja, Sunita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Tivendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hysing, Mari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Refsum, Helga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yajnik, Chittaranjan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhandari, Nita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strand, Tor A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Folate and Vitamin B12 Study Group</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kvestad, Ingrid</au><au>Taneja, Sunita</au><au>Kumar, Tivendra</au><au>Hysing, Mari</au><au>Refsum, Helga</au><au>Yajnik, Chittaranjan S</au><au>Bhandari, Nita</au><au>Strand, Tor A</au><aucorp>Folate and Vitamin B12 Study Group</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Improve Gross Motor and Problem-Solving Skills in Young North Indian Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-06-22</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0129915</spage><epage>e0129915</epage><pages>e0129915-e0129915</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate are associated with delayed development and neurological manifestations. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of daily supplementation of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid on development in young North Indian children.
In a randomized, double blind trial, children aged six to 30 months, received supplement with placebo or vitamin B12 and/or folic acid for six months. Children were allocated in a 1:1:1:1 ratio in a factorial design and in blocks of 16. We measured development in 422 children by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3rd ed. at the end of the intervention.
Compared to placebo, children who received both vitamin B12 and folic acid had 0.45 (95% CI 0.19, 0.73) and 0.28 (95% CI 0.02, 0.54) higher SD-units in the domains of gross motor and problem solving functioning, respectively. The effect was highest in susceptible subgroups consisting of stunted children, those with high plasma homocysteine (> 10 μmol/L) or in those who were younger than 24 at end study. With the exception of a significant improvement on gross motor scores by vitamin B12 alone, supplementation of either vitamin alone had no effect on any of the outcomes.
Our findings suggest that supplementation of vitamin B12 and folic acid benefit development in North Indian Children.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00717730.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26098427</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0129915</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Sociological Abstracts |
| subjects | Acids Anemia Brain research Child development Child welfare Child, Preschool Children Clinical trials Consent Cyanocobalamin Developmental Disabilities - drug therapy Dietary Supplements Enrollments Ethics Factorial design Female Folic acid Folic Acid - therapeutic use Folic Acid Deficiency - drug therapy Homocysteine Humans India Infant Male Mental health Motor skill Motor Skills - drug effects Nutrition Pediatrics Placebos Problem solving Problem Solving - drug effects Randomization Social Skills Society Studies Subgroups Supplements Vitamin B Vitamin B 12 - therapeutic use Vitamin B 12 Deficiency - drug therapy Vitamin B12 Vitamins |
| title | Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Improve Gross Motor and Problem-Solving Skills in Young North Indian Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-12T09%3A29%3A44IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vitamin%20B12%20and%20Folic%20Acid%20Improve%20Gross%20Motor%20and%20Problem-Solving%20Skills%20in%20Young%20North%20Indian%20Children:%20A%20Randomized%20Placebo-Controlled%20Trial&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Kvestad,%20Ingrid&rft.aucorp=Folate%20and%20Vitamin%20B12%20Study%20Group&rft.date=2015-06-22&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=e0129915&rft.epage=e0129915&rft.pages=e0129915-e0129915&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0129915&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA418925438%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1690399918&rft_id=info:pmid/26098427&rft_galeid=A418925438&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_a62ff6ced16247b8b1aaee000403ae49&rfr_iscdi=true |